栽培药材川续断地上部分体积估算的最优样方选择

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00151

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以贵州省黔南州龙里县内人工栽培的川续断(Dipsacus asperoides)为研究对象, 就如何选择最优样方的面积和数目来估算川续断地上部分体积进行了研究。首先运用球缺模型计算栽培川续断的地上体积, 然后利用基于套状样方的样带调查法研究估算川续断体积时的最优样方面积, 最后利用方差法计算最优采样数目。结果表明: (1)在只考虑相对平均值和相对消耗时, 25 m × 25 m是最优样方面积; 在此基础上进一步考虑到样方的边界效应和单位面积地上体积相对平均值的变化, 得出25 m × 50 m是最优样方面积。(2)如果预计置信度1-α是0.9, 绝对误差限度d是0.12, 总体方差S²按照常规取0.25, 则25 m × 50 m对应的最佳样方数目是25。(3)该研究实际采集了25个25 m × 50 m的样方, 计算后得到整个栽培园地(面积为72696.24 m ²)川续断的总体积90%的近似置信区间为[1909.798 m³, 2214.762 m³]。

关键词: 球缺模型, 边界效应, 套状样方, 最优样方, 相对消耗

Abstract:

Aims In the traditional Chinese medicine resources survey process, quadrat size and number must be determined before surveying. Our objective is to determine how to select the optimal quadrat size and number for Dipsacus asperoides.
Methods We examined D. asperoides cultivated in Longli, Qiannan Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. We first calculated aboveground volume of D. asperoides by a segment model. Then we selected the optimal quadrat size and number by using the quadrat-based transect survey method, and calculated the optimal quadrat number by the variance method.
Important findings When only considering of the relative mean of aboveground volume and relative time costs, 25 m × 25 m is the optimal size. But when further considering quadrat boundary effects and variation in relative mean of the aboveground volume, the optimal size is 25 m × 50 m. If the expected confidence level is 0.9, the absolute margin of error is 0.12, the population variance S ² obtained conventionally is 0.25 and the optimal quadrat number is 25. This study sampled 25 quadrats of 25 m × 50 m within the entire area of the cultivated garden (72696.24 m ²). The total aboveground volume of D. asperoides with approximately 90% confidence located in the extent is [1909.798 m ³, 2214.762 m³]. Results showed that the optimal quadrat size from the nested quadrats method and the segment model are useful in estimating the aboveground volume of cultivated D. asperoides, and they can provide a reference for other surveys.

Key words: a segment model, boundary effects, nested quadrats, optimal quadrats, relative cost

朱寿东, 刘慧平, 黄璐琦, 王新村, 张小波, 薛晓娟, 穆晓东, 程洁. 栽培药材川续断地上部分体积估算的最优样方选择. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(2): 151-158. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00151

ZHU Shou-Dong, LIU Hui-Ping, HUANG Lu-Qi, WANG Xin-Cun, ZHANG Xiao-Bo, XUE Xiao-Juan, MU Xiao-Dong, CHENG Jie. Selection of optimum quadrat size and number for estimating aboveground volume of cultivated Dipsacus asperoides. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(2): 151-158. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00151

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00151

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I2/151

图/表 8

图1 套状样方示意图。a, 2 m × 2 m; b, 25 m × 25 m; c, 25 m × 50 m; d, 50 m × 50 m.

Fig. 1 Diagram of the nested quadrats. a, 2 m × 2 m; b, 25 m × 25 m; c, 25 m × 50 m; d, 50 m × 50 m.

图2 球缺模型模拟川续断地上体积示意图。

Fig. 2 Aboveground volume of Dipsacus asperoides simulated by a segment model.

图3 园地边界与样带分布图。红色线条表示园地边界, 紫色线条表示样带, 样带内的4个蓝色角点围成的最小样方规模是25 m × 25 m。园地1 (左)面积为12 762.55 m2, 园地2 (右)面积为59 933.69 m2。

Fig. 3 Boundary of cultivated gardens and transects distribution. Red lines indicate the border of garden, purple lines indicate the transect, each four blue points neighboured inside transect form the smallest quadrat whose area is 25 m × 25 m. Garden 1 (left) area is ??12 762.55 m2, and garden 2 (right) area is ??59 933.69 m2.

表1 不同的样方面积和数目能达到的估算精度

Table 1 Estimation accuracy under different quadrat areas and numbers

样方面积 Quadrat area (m²)	样方数目 Quadrat number	置信度 Confidence degree 1-α	绝对误差限度 d Absolute limit of error	总体方差 S² Population variance
4	75	0.9	0.10	0.25
625	25	0.9	0.14	0.25
1 250	25	0.9	0.12	0.25
2 500	6	0.9	0.25	0.25

表2 不同面积样方中一些调查结果的平均值

Table 2 Average of some survey results under different quadrat areas

样方面积 Quadrat area (m²)	样方数目 Quadrat number	每平方米平均植株数 Mean number of plants per m²	平均半径 Mean plant radius (cm)	平均株高 Mean plant height (cm)
4	75	3.776 667	17.125 970	12.608 889
625	25	3.776 667	17.652 171	13.075 910
1 250	25	3.695 000	17.737 627	13.075 632
2 500	6	3.472 222	17.726 471	12.780 919

表3 不同面积样方中所调查的地上体积平均值、方差和时间消耗

Table 3 Average of aboveground volume, variance and time cost under different quadrat areas in survey

样方面积 Quadrat area (m²)	地上体积平均值 $\rho$ Mean of aboveground volume per m² (m³·m^-2)	地上体积相对平均值 $\rho_r$ Relative mean of aboveground volume per m²	方差S² Variance	相对方差V_r Relative variance	固定消耗C_f Fixed cost	可变消耗tC_v Variable cost	相对消耗C_r Relative cost	相对方差和相对消耗的乘积 (V_rC_r) Product of V_r and C_r
4	0.029 962 6	1.000 000 00	0.000 396 526 0	1.000 000	10	5	1.000 000	1.000 000
625	0.029 030 4	0.968 887 88	0.000 102 381 0	0.258 195	10	15	1.666 667	0.430 325
1 250	0.028 368 5	0.946 797 01	0.000 071 439 2	0.180 163	10	30	2.666 667	0.480 434
2 500	0.026 084 3	0.870 561 97	0.000 057 154 3	0.144 138	10	60	4.666 667	0.672 642

图4 相对方差与相对消耗的乘积(VrCr)与样方面积的关系。

Fig. 4 Relationship between quadrat area and product of relative variance and relative cost (VrCr).

图5 每平方米地上体积的相对平均值与样方面积的关系。

Fig. 5 Relationship between quadrat area and relative mean of aboveground volume per m2.

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