植物生态学报 ›› 1992, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 97-107.

• 论文 •    下一篇

油松不同种源在北京地区水势和蒸腾速率的比较研究

唐季林,徐化成   

  • 发布日期:1992-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 唐季林

Comparative Research on the Water Potential and transpiration Rate of Chinese Pine Plantations From Different Provenances in Beijing

Tang Ji-lin, Xu Hua-cheng   

  • Published:1992-02-10
  • Contact: Liang Shi-chu

摘要: 应用压力室技术和稳态气孔仪,测定了在北京地区8年生人工油松林,7个气候生态型13个种源的水势值季节变化和蒸腾速率的日变化及季节变化。结果表明,油松各种源一年中,水势值最低的是严冬季节(-19.75巴)和高温干旱期(-14.81巴)。从不同生态型水势值来看,差异明显。无论在严寒的一月还是在高温干旱的六月,东北型水势值最高,其次是西北型,南部型最低。西南型略高于南部型。水势值高低还明显表现与越冬死亡率高低的关系,南部型种源水势值最低,越冬死亡率也最高。各种源蒸腾速率日变化和季节变化有明显的规律,与环境因子(光照、气温、大气湿度) 密切相关。在日变化中呈现早、晚低,中午高的“凸形峰曲线”。随着春季温度升高,在季节变化中,五月份升至第一高峰,而六月高温干旱期,蒸腾速率明显下降,形成一个低谷。雨季以后的8、9月份升至全年最高值,11月秋末冬初又下降至很低。全年呈现一双峰曲线。从各生态型种源蒸腾速率来看,差异是很明显的,以东北型最高,其次是西北型,中部型,中西型居中,西南型,南部型最小。除上述外,从针叶形态解剖特征上来看,各生态型也差别明显,东北型、西北型的针叶短、窄、薄,表皮和皮下组织则较厚,而南部型种源的针叶长、宽、厚,表皮及皮下组织则较薄。这均反映了不同生态型避旱机制的差异。

Abstract: The yearly variation water potential and the daily process of transpiration rate of chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantations in Beijing, aged 8 years, coming from 13 provenances of 7 climatic ecotypes, were determined with presseue-chamber technique and BL8503 porometer. The result showed that for all provenances, the minima of water potential are found in winter (–19.35 bar) and in the period of high temperature and dry seasons (–14.81 bar). There are distinct differences among the values of water potential from different provenances, the largest for the provenances of northeastern ecotype and the least for southern ecotype. The value of water potehtial is obviously related to the mortality in winter, the populations originning in south have the lowest water potential and the highest mortality in winter. The daily and seasonal change of transpiration rate for all provenances are apperently regular. The daytime course looks like a convex curve with high value in midday and low value in early morning and night. The curve of yearly course has two peaks. Clear differences are observed among the transpiration rates of different provenances, the northeastern ecotype with the highest value and the southern ecotype with the lowest one.