干旱区叶片形态特征与植物响应和适应的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00088

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叶片形态是指示植物适应特定环境的重要指标。由于植物叶片形态不仅对时空环境变化具有极强的敏感性和可塑性, 而且能够通过叶片形态的调整调节自身的生存适应能力, 所以叶片形态学研究一直是植物生理及植物生态学研究中的热点。该文在总结前人叶片形态学研究成果的基础上, 探索建立了简单的叶片形态指标分类体系; 结合物质能量交换的物理学原理, 回顾总结了叶片表观形态变化与叶片物质能量交换之间的相关关系; 应用叶片形态影响物质能量交换的物理学原理, 重点分析了干旱区植物叶片表观形态对低水分环境、高辐射(或高温)的响应与适应特征; 最后, 在回顾分析的基础上, 对叶片形态研究中存在的几个问题进行了讨论。

关键词: 干旱区植物, 叶片边界层阻力, 叶片形态学, 叶片温度, 植物响应与适应特征

Abstract:

Leaf morphology is closely related to the specific environment and provides the most useful characteristics to understand plant response and adaptation strategy to environmental change. Leaf morphology plasticity is obviously related to the temporal and spatial variation of environmental variables, which are useful to plants to enhance their ability to survive. Consequently, for many years, studies on plant physiology, plant ecology and physiological ecology focused on leaf morphology. We establish a simple category of leaf morphology classification. Simultaneously, based on the principle of material and energy balances, we systematically review the relationships among environment, leaf morphology and energy balances (or material changes), and emphasize that leaf morphology responded or adapted to lower water availability and higher radiation (or temperature) in arid ecosystems. In conclusion, we submit and discuss existing problems in leaf morphology based on the weaknesses of previous studies.

Key words: arid plant, leaf boundary layer resistance, leaf morphology, leaf temperature, plant response and adaptation characteristics

李永华, 卢琦, 吴波, 朱雅娟, 刘殿君, 张金鑫, 靳占虎. 干旱区叶片形态特征与植物响应和适应的关系. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(1): 88-98. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00088

LI Yong-Hua, LU Qi, WU Bo, ZHU Ya-Juan, LIU Dian-Jun, ZHANG Jin-Xin, JIN Zhan-Hu. A review of leaf morphology plasticity linked to plant response and adaptation characteristics in arid ecosystems. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(1): 88-98. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00088

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00088

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I1/88

图/表 1

参考文献 92

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分类(组) Classification (group)	参数 Parameter	功能和用途的简要描述 Brief description of function or application
类1: 叶解剖结构指标 Class 1: Leaf anatomical classification	角质层厚度 Cuticle thickness	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 保护叶片 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and leaf defense
	栅栏组织厚度 Palisade tissue thickness	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	海绵组织厚度 Spongy tissue thickness	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	叶片厚度 Leaf thickness	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	气孔密度 Stomatal frequency	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	气孔开度 Stomatal aperture	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	气孔下陷深度 Stomatal pore depth	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	海绵组织细胞间隙 Intercellular space	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
类2 (组1): 非量化形态指标 Class 2 (group 1): Non- quantifiable classification of leaf morphology	如针叶、阔叶 E.g. coniferous and broad-leaved	应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification
	如披针形叶、卵形叶 E.g. lanceolate leaf shape and ovate leaf shape	应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification
类2 (组2): 可量化形态指标 Class 2 (group 2): Quantifiable classification of leaf morphology	叶脉 Leaf vein	影响叶片水分传输,应用于植物分类学 Relating to water transport and plant indentification
	叶柄 Leaf-petiole	影响叶片水分传输和光合生理,应用于植物分类学 Relating to water transport,photosynthetic physiology and plant indentification
	托叶 Stipule	应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification
	表面绒毛 Leaf hair	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 应用于植物分类学 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and plant indentification
	叶角 Leaf orientation	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
类2 (组3): 平面几何形态指标及其衍生指标 Class 2 (group 3): Geometry and derivative geometry classification of leaf morphology	叶长 Leaf length	应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification
	叶宽 Leaf width	应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification
	叶周长 Leaf perimeter	无明确生理生态学意义 No clear ecophysiology significance
	叶面积 Leaf area	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	叶齿 Leaf teeth	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 应用于植物分类学 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and plant indentification
	裂叶 Leaf lobe	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 应用于植物分类学 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and plant indentification
	叶长/宽比 Ratio of leaf length to width	无明确生理生态学意义 No clear ecophysiology significance
	面积/周长比 Ratio of leaf area to perimeter	无明确生理生态学意义 No clear ecophysiology significance
类3: 与叶片形态密切相关的其他指标 Class 3: Other classification closely related to leaf morphology	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	影响叶片投资收益率 Relating to leaf benefit-cost ratio
	叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content	影响叶片光合生理与水分利用效率 Relating to leaf photosynthetic physiology and water use efficiency
	叶寿命 Leaf lifespan	影响叶片投资收益率 Relating to leaf benefit-cost ratio
	叶片含水量 Leaf water content	影响叶片表面能量平衡及干物质含量 Relating to leaf energy balances and dry matter content
	光吸收比例 Light-absorption rate	影响叶片表面能量平衡 Relating to leaf energy balances

分类(组) Classification (group)	参数 Parameter	功能和用途的简要描述 Brief description of function or application
类1: 叶解剖结构指标 Class 1: Leaf anatomical classification	角质层厚度 Cuticle thickness	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 保护叶片 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and leaf defense
	栅栏组织厚度 Palisade tissue thickness	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	海绵组织厚度 Spongy tissue thickness	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	叶片厚度 Leaf thickness	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	气孔密度 Stomatal frequency	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	气孔开度 Stomatal aperture	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	气孔下陷深度 Stomatal pore depth	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	海绵组织细胞间隙 Intercellular space	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
类2 (组1): 非量化形态指标 Class 2 (group 1): Non- quantifiable classification of leaf morphology	如针叶、阔叶 E.g. coniferous and broad-leaved	应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification
	如披针形叶、卵形叶 E.g. lanceolate leaf shape and ovate leaf shape	应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification
类2 (组2): 可量化形态指标 Class 2 (group 2): Quantifiable classification of leaf morphology	叶脉 Leaf vein	影响叶片水分传输,应用于植物分类学 Relating to water transport and plant indentification
	叶柄 Leaf-petiole	影响叶片水分传输和光合生理,应用于植物分类学 Relating to water transport,photosynthetic physiology and plant indentification
	托叶 Stipule	应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification
	表面绒毛 Leaf hair	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 应用于植物分类学 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and plant indentification
	叶角 Leaf orientation	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
类2 (组3): 平面几何形态指标及其衍生指标 Class 2 (group 3): Geometry and derivative geometry classification of leaf morphology	叶长 Leaf length	应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification
	叶宽 Leaf width	应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification
	叶周长 Leaf perimeter	无明确生理生态学意义 No clear ecophysiology significance
	叶面积 Leaf area	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange
	叶齿 Leaf teeth	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 应用于植物分类学 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and plant indentification
	裂叶 Leaf lobe	影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 应用于植物分类学 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and plant indentification
	叶长/宽比 Ratio of leaf length to width	无明确生理生态学意义 No clear ecophysiology significance
	面积/周长比 Ratio of leaf area to perimeter	无明确生理生态学意义 No clear ecophysiology significance
类3: 与叶片形态密切相关的其他指标 Class 3: Other classification closely related to leaf morphology	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	影响叶片投资收益率 Relating to leaf benefit-cost ratio
	叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content	影响叶片光合生理与水分利用效率 Relating to leaf photosynthetic physiology and water use efficiency
	叶寿命 Leaf lifespan	影响叶片投资收益率 Relating to leaf benefit-cost ratio
	叶片含水量 Leaf water content	影响叶片表面能量平衡及干物质含量 Relating to leaf energy balances and dry matter content
	光吸收比例 Light-absorption rate	影响叶片表面能量平衡 Relating to leaf energy balances