干旱区植物叶片大小对叶表面蒸腾及叶温的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00045

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用热及物质交换原理, 并结合前人研究成果, 在单叶尺度上建立了简单的叶温和水气蒸腾模型。模型通过预设值驱动, 预设值参照干旱区环境及植物叶片特征设置。模拟结果显示: 随气孔阻力的增加, 叶片蒸腾速率降低, 叶温升高; 同一环境下, 具有低辐射吸收率的叶片蒸腾速率和叶温更低, 并且气孔阻力越大, 这种差异越明显。另外, 叶片宽度及风速是影响叶片蒸腾及叶温的重要因子。干旱地区植物生长季节, 风速小于0.1 m·s ^-1、气孔阻力接近1000 s·m ^-1时, 降低叶片宽度不仅有利于降低叶片温度, 而且能够降低叶片蒸腾速率, 从而实现保持水分, 增强植物适应高温、干旱的能力。

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关键词: 干旱区植物适应特征, 叶片边界层阻力, 叶温, 叶片蒸腾速率, 叶片宽度

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to demonstrate the influence of leaf size on leaf transpiration and temperature in arid regions.
Methods Based on energy and material exchange theory and the results of previous studies, we set up a single leaf energy and material exchange model combined with arid environmental conditions.
Important findings Leaf transpiration decreased with increasing stomatal resistance, but leaf temperature increased. Leaf transpiration and temperature decreased with decreasing leaf radiation absorption rate in the same environmental conditions. Moreover, leaf width and wind speed were important parameters in understanding leaf energy and material exchange. Leaf transpiration and temperature generally decreased with decreasing leaf width with wind speed <0.1 m·s ^-1 and stomatal resistance about 1000 s·m ^-1. Low leaf transpiration and temperature could encourage plant growth with the low water availability, high radiation and high temperature conditions in arid regions.

Key words: arid plant adaptation characteristics, leaf boundary layer resistance, leaf temperature, leaf transpiration, leaf width

刘明虎,辛智鸣,徐军,孙非,窦立军,李永华. 干旱区植物叶片大小对叶表面蒸腾及叶温的影响. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(5): 436-442. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00045

LIU Ming-Hu,XIN Zhi-Ming,XU Jun,SUN Fei,DOU Li-Jun,LI Yong-Hua. Influence of leaf size of plant on leaf transpiration and temperature in arid regions. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(5): 436-442. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00045

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00045

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I5/436

图/表 4

表1 参数及预设值

Table 1 Parameters and default values

参数 Parameter	预设值 Default value
气温 Air temperature (℃)	30
初始叶温 Initial leaf temperature (℃)	30
气压 Atmospheric pressure (kPa)	88
相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)	20
辐射 Radiation (W·m^-2)	1000
辐射吸收率 Radiation absorption rate (%)	30, 70
气孔阻力 Stomatal resistance (s·m^-1)	1, 10, 100, 1000
风速 Wind speed (m·s ^-1)	0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10
叶片最大宽度 Maximum leaf width (mm)	1, 2, 3…28, 29, 30

图1 不同风速下, 叶片最大宽度对叶片蒸腾及表面叶温的影响。 A、B, 气孔阻力为1 s·m-1。 C、D, 气孔阻力为10 s·m-1。E、F, 气孔阻力为100 s·m-1。G、H, 气孔阻力为1000 s·m-1。其他环境参数为: 辐射1000 W·s-1; 辐射吸收率30%; 气温30 ℃; 空气相对湿度20%; 气压88 kPa。

Fig. 1 Effect of maximum width of leaf on leaf transpiration and surface leaf temperature under different wind speeds. A, B, Stomatal resistance 1 s·m-1. C, D, Stomatal resistance 10 s·m-1. E, F, Stomatal resistance 100 s·m-1. G, H, Stomatal resistance 1000 s·m-1. Other environmental parameters are: radiation 1000 W·s-1; radiation absorption rate 30%; air temperature 30 °C; relative air humidity 20%; atmospheric pressure 88 kPa.

图2 不同风速下, 叶片最大宽度对叶片蒸腾及表面叶温的影响。A、B, 气孔阻力为1 s·m-1。C、D, 气孔阻力为10 s·m-1。E、F, 气孔阻力为100 s·m-1。G、H, 气孔阻力为1000 s·m-1。其他环境参数为: 辐射1000 W·s-1; 辐射吸收率70%; 气温30 ℃; 空气相对湿度20%; 气压88 kPa。

Fig. 2 Effect of maximum width of leaf on leaf transpiration and surface leaf temperature under different wind speeds. A, B, Stomatal resistance 1 s·m-1. C, D, Stomatal resistance 10 s·m-1. E, F, Stomatal resistance 100 s·m-1. G, H, Stomatal resistance 1000 s·m-1. Other environmental parameters are: radiation 1000 W·s-1; radiation absorption rate 70%; air temperature 30 °C; relative air humidity 20%; barometric pressure 88 kPa.

图3 不同叶片宽度、不同风速下叶片的热对流和热传导速率。其他环境参数为: 辐射1000 W·s-1; 辐射吸收率30%; 气温30 ℃; 空气相对湿度20%; 气压88 kPa。

Fig. 3 Rate of heat conduction and convection changing with various leaf width and wind speeds. Other environmental parameters are: radiation 1000 W·s-1; radiation absorption rate 70%; air temperature 30 °C; relative air humidity 20%; barometric pressure 88 kPa.

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