国家尺度自然保护地生态系统联网监测指标体系构建与应用研究

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0259

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 1219-1233.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0259

所属专题：遥感生态学

国家尺度自然保护地生态系统联网监测指标体系构建与应用研究

徐梦¹, 田大栓¹^,^*(), 王易恒¹, 何奕成¹, 崔清国², 李跃林³, 申小莉², 原作强⁴^,⁵, 王扬²

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101
²中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
³中国科学院华南植物园退化生态系统植被恢复与管理重点实验室, 广州 510650
⁴中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与管理重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
⁵辽宁省陆地生态系统碳中和重点实验室, 沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2022-06-21 接受日期:2022-10-10 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-10-25
通讯作者: 田大栓
作者简介:^* (tiands@igsnrr.ac.cn)
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA23080302);中国科学院青年创新促进会会员项目(2021050)

Construction and application of the indicator system for ecosystem monitoring network in the protected areas on a national scale

XU Meng¹, TIAN Da-Shuan¹^,^*(), WANG Yi-Heng¹, HE Yi-Cheng¹, CUI Qing-Guo², LI Yue-Lin³, SHEN Xiao-Li², YUAN Zuo-Qiang⁴^,⁵, WANG Yang²

¹Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
²State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
⁴Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
⁵Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China

Received:2022-06-21 Accepted:2022-10-10 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-10-25
Contact: TIAN Da-Shuan
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23080302);Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2021050)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自然保护地是维护国家生态安全, 提升生物多样性保护成效的重要载体, 对保护地生态系统进行实时、高频、多尺度的监测是认知其动态变化的有效手段, 也是实现自然保护地生态系统健康管理的基石。由于目前我国没有形成自然保护地生态系统监测网络, 缺少统一的联网监测指标体系, 导致多数自然保护地生态系统组成家底不清、动态不明, 应对生物多样性保护新问题的能力不足, 并且在国家尺度上的自然保护地生态系统健康状况及保护成效评估缺乏联网监测数据支撑。因此, 亟需构建国家尺度的自然保护地生态系统组成和动态监测网络, 以及一套科学、系统、规范的自然保护地生态系统联网监测指标体系。该文针对自然保护地生物多样性和生态系统监测的目标和内容, 参考国内外现有的生态系统监测网络的指标体系, 确定了自然保护地生态系统联网监测指标体系建立和选取的基本原则, 建立了一套适用于国家尺度的自然保护地生态系统联网监测指标体系, 并在6个国家级自然保护区进行示范。构建的指标体系针对构成生态系统的6类关键要素(生境要素、生物要素、气象要素、土壤要素、大气和水环境要素、景观要素)制定了30个监测指标, 有效应用于森林、草地、荒漠、湿地等生态系统类型的自然保护地, 能够实现对不同类型自然保护地生态系统组分和结构的现状和演变特征进行长期、动态化监测, 并可为自然保护地保护成效评估和健康管理提供规范化、标准化的基础数据。

关键词: 自然保护地, 生态系统监测网络, 指标体系, 生态系统要素

Abstract:

The protected areas are crucial to the maintenance of national ecological security and improvement of biodiversity conservation. Application of real-time, high-frequency and multi-scale ecological monitoring in the protected areas serves an effective means for identifying the dynamics of ecosystem, which is key to the implement of ecosystem health management in the protected areas. However, due to the lack of a unified ecosystem monitoring and research network and the corresponding indicator system of the protected areas in China, the composition and dynamics of ecosystem in many protected areas remains unclear, which can dimmish the ability to cope with emerging issues of biodiversity conservation. Lack of the data obtained from the ecological monitoring network can also hamper the evaluation of ecosystem health status and conservation effectiveness of the protected areas on a national scale. As such, it is necessary to construct a national scale monitoring and research network for the composition and dynamics of ecosystem in the protected areas, as well as a scientific, systematic and normative indicator system for this monitoring network. By addressing the aims and objectives of biodiversity and ecosystem monitoring in the protected areas and with reference to the indicator systems of existing ecological monitoring networks both in China and abroad, this study summarized the basic principles of establishing the indicator system and the selection of indicators. Accordingly, an indicator system for the ecosystem monitoring network of the protected areas was established and applied to 6 national nature reserves for demonstration. The established indicator system consists of 30 indicators to comprehensively monitor changes in the 6 key elements that compose an ecosystem, which is habitat, biota, meteorology, soil, atmospheric and water environment, and landscape. The indicator system was effectively applied to monitor the long-term and dynamic changes in the status and evolution of ecosystem components and structures in different ecosystem types of protected areas including forest, grassland, wetland and desert. The normalized and standardized data achieved from the established monitoring network can further be used for the evaluation of conservation effectiveness and healthy management of the protected areas.

Key words: protected area, ecosystem monitoring and research network, indicator system, ecosystem component

徐梦, 田大栓, 王易恒, 何奕成, 崔清国, 李跃林, 申小莉, 原作强, 王扬. 国家尺度自然保护地生态系统联网监测指标体系构建与应用研究. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(10): 1219-1233. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0259

XU Meng, TIAN Da-Shuan, WANG Yi-Heng, HE Yi-Cheng, CUI Qing-Guo, LI Yue-Lin, SHEN Xiao-Li, YUAN Zuo-Qiang, WANG Yang. Construction and application of the indicator system for ecosystem monitoring network in the protected areas on a national scale. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(10): 1219-1233. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0259

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0259

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I10/1219

图/表 6

表1 自然保护地生态系统联网监测指标体系

Table 1 Established indicator system for ecosystem monitoring network in the protected area

图1 中国自然保护地生态系统监测网络。

Fig. 1 Ecosystem monitoring and research network of nature reserves in China.

表2 6个国家级自然保护区的地理位置、分布面积、生态系统类型以及气候条件和植被类型特征

Table 2 Geographic location, distribution area,ecoystem type cimaticontrion andvegetacon type ofthesix aionl ntre rserves sletedforth coiyetem momiong newr

图2 6个国家级自然保护区监测样地植物物种丰富度和土壤碳氮含量特征(平均值±标准误)。CB, 长白山自然保护区; DH, 鼎湖山自然保护区; GT, 古田山自然保护区; WO, 西鄂尔多斯自然保护区; XG, 锡林郭勒草原自然保护区; ZG, 若尔盖湿地自然保护区。不同小写字母表示各自然保护区之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Plant species richness, soil carbon and nitrogen contents in monitoring plots of six national nature reserves in China (mean ± SE). CB, Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve; DH, Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve; GT, Gutian Mountain Nature Reserve; WO, West Ordos Nature Reserve; XG, Xilin Gol Grassland Nature Reserve; ZG, Zoigê Wetland Nature Reserve. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among six nature reserves (p < 0.05).

图3 2001-2021年6个国家级自然保护区净初级生产力(NPP)及其时间稳定性(即生态系统稳定性)(平均值±标准误)。CB, 长白山自然保护区; DH, 鼎湖山自然保护区; GT, 古田山自然保护区; WO, 西鄂尔多斯自然保护区; XG, 锡林郭勒草原自然保护区; ZG, 若尔盖湿地自然保护区。不同小写字母表示各自然保护区之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Net primary productivity (NPP) and its temporal stability (ecosystem stability) of six national nature reserves in China from 2001 to 2021 (mean ± SE). CB, Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve; DH, Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve; GT, Gutian Mountain Nature Reserve; WO, West Ordos Nature Reserve; XG, Xilin Gol Grassland Nature Reserve; ZG, Zoigê Wetland Nature Reserve. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among six nature reserves (p < 0.05).

图4 2001-2021年6个国家级自然保护区归一化植被指数(NDVI)的时空变化特征。A, 长白山自然保护区。B, 古田山自然保护区。C, 鼎湖山自然保护区。D, 锡林郭勒草原自然保护区。E, 若尔盖湿地自然保护区。F, 西鄂尔多斯自然保护区。每个保护区的4幅图中的NDVI分别为2001-2005、2006-2010、2011-2015、2016-2021年的平均值。红线和蓝线圈内的区域分别表示自然保护区的核心区和缓冲区。

Fig. 4 Spatial and temporal variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the six national nature reserves from 2001 to 2021. A, Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve. B, Gutian Mountain Nature Reserve. C, Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve. D, Xilin Gol Grassland Nature Reserve. E, Zoigê Wetland Nature Reserve. F, West Ordos Nature Reserve. NDVI data used in the four plots of each nature reserve were the averages from 2001 to 2005, 2006 to 2010, 2011 to 2015, and 2016 to 2021, respectively. Areas circled by red and blue lines indicate the core zone and buffer zone of a nature reserve, respectively.

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国家尺度自然保护地生态系统联网监测指标体系构建与应用研究

Construction and application of the indicator system for ecosystem monitoring network in the protected areas on a national scale

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