珍稀濒危孑遗植物银杉的研究与保护现状
收稿日期: 2024-12-31
录用日期: 2025-03-04
网络出版日期: 2025-05-09
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1301701)
Research and conservation status of the rare and endangered relict plant Cathaya argyrophylla
Received date: 2024-12-31
Accepted date: 2025-03-04
Online published: 2025-05-09
Supported by
National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1301701)
银杉(Cathaya argyrophylla)为国家一级保护植物, 是我国特有的“活化石”植物, 其野生个体总数不足2 500株。过去40余年, 我国学者对银杉的生物学特性、遗传多样性、栖息地要求、保护策略等开展了大量研究, 然而, 银杉的野生种群依然呈明显的衰退趋势, 保护形势严峻。该文系统总结了关于银杉的研究进展, 从生长与繁殖特性、地理分布、种群动态等方面剖析了其致濒因素。基于2023年对14个野生种群的调查, 发现银杉幼苗稀缺、幼树死亡率高, 种群结构呈现出明显的衰退特征, 表明银杉的自然更新受阻, 现有保护措施难以逆转其种群下降的趋势。尽管近年来在银杉幼苗人工培育、迁地保护等方面取得了一定的进展, 但银杉的遗传多样性保护依然存在很大差距, 亟需加强。在未来的银杉研究与保护中, 应强化多学科的融合和新技术的应用, 特别是利用高通量测序技术对银杉进行保护基因组学研究, 以揭示其致濒机制及适应潜力。此外, 也需结合多源遥感技术, 对种群动态与生境变化进行监测, 为银杉保护提供更精确的数据支持。
高雨轩 , 苏艳军 , 冯育才 , 张军 , 汪小全 , 刘玲莉 . 珍稀濒危孑遗植物银杉的研究与保护现状[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025 , 49(10) : 1572 -1582 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0476
Cathaya argyrophylla, a National Class I protected plant and an endemic “living fossil” species in China, has fewer than 2 500 wild individuals. Over the past 40 years, extensive research have been conducted on its biological characteristics, genetic diversity, habitat requirements, and conservation strategies. However, C. argyrophylla wild populations continue to decline, presenting a severe conservation challenge. We reviewed the research progress on C. argyrophylla, analyzing its endangered status from aspects such as growth and reproduction traits, geographical distribution, and population dynamics. Additionally, we conducted surveys of fourteen wild populations in 2023 and found that C. argyrophylla seedlings are scarce, juvenile tree mortality rate is high, and population structure indicates a declining trend. This suggests that natural regeneration of C. argyrophylla is hindered, and the current conservation measures are insufficient to reverse the decline. Although progress has been made in seedling cultivation and ex situ conservation, there is still a significant gap in protecting the species’ genetic diversity, which requires urgent attention and improvement. Future research and conservation efforts should integrate multiple disciplines and apply new technologies, particularly high-throughput sequencing for conservation genomics, to reveal the endangerment mechanisms and adaptive potential of C. argyrophylla. Additionally, integration of multi-source remote sensing technologies is necessary to monitor population dynamics and habitat changes, which could provide more accurate data to support conservation of C. argyrophylla.
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