典型阔叶红松林干扰历史重建及干扰形成机制
# 共同第一作者
收稿日期: 2014-09-28
录用日期: 2014-09-28
网络出版日期: 2015-03-10
基金资助
中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(DL13EA05-02)、教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-12-0810)和黑龙江省归国留学基金(LC2012C09)
Reconstruction of disturbance history of a typical broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest and mechanisms of disturbance occurrence
# Co-first authors
Received date: 2014-09-28
Accepted date: 2014-09-28
Online published: 2015-03-10
该文依托于小兴安岭典型阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林9 hm2森林动态监测样地, 对样地内林窗边缘主要树种红松和臭冷杉(Abies nephrolepis)进行生长释放判定分析, 重建了冠层树木的干扰历史。结果表明: 整体上林窗木与非林窗木的生长变化百分率变化规律基本一致, 而不同林窗间生长变化百分率存在明显的差异, 林窗干扰及其产生的影响存在较大的变异性。在1733-1738、1748-1752、1769-1771、1798-1801、1827-1833、1841-1844、1935-1939及1968-1973年间红松生长释放较强, 其中1752、1770、1800、1830、1842、1937及1970年出现了明显的干扰峰; 在1889-1904、1932-1938、1947-1973和1986-2005年间臭冷杉生长释放较强, 其中1894、1934、1951、1968和1990年出现了明显的干扰峰。红松干扰存在2.0 a、3.5 a、3.8 a、7.3-7.9 a和9.1-18.2 a的显著周期, 臭冷杉干扰存在3.5-3.6 a、7.5-48.8 a和65-85 a的显著周期。风干扰是典型阔叶红松林干扰释放的主要因子, 异常温度也影响该地区树木生长释放事件。太阳活动通过影响局地风速、温度、降水等气候因子以及其他大尺度气候模态影响林窗动态, 可能是小兴安岭典型阔叶红松林的干扰机制之一。
朱良军, 金光泽, 王晓春 . 典型阔叶红松林干扰历史重建及干扰形成机制[J]. 植物生态学报, 2015 , 39(2) : 125 -139 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0013
The primary broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forests in China are almost completely lost due to human and natural disturbances in recent years. Hence, it is critical to quantify disturbance regimes in their typical distribution areas. The aims of this study were to: (1) develop the disturbance chronology in a typical broad-leaved P. koraiensis forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountain; (2) investigate the disturbance characteristics of forest gaps; and (3) explore the possible mechanisms of disturbances.
A total of 461 incremental cores in P. koraiensis and 145 cores in Abies nephrolepis were collected from 44 forest gaps in a 6 hm2 permanent monitoring plot. Two disturbance chronologies were developed respectively for P. koraiensis and A. nephrolepis by detecting growth release with boundary-line release criteria. The significant disturbance period was identified by the multi-taper method (MTM) of spectral analysis. In addition, the disturbance mechanisms were evaluated by the superposed epoch analysis (SEA) between percentage growth changes in the two tree species and wind speed, extreme temperatures and sunspot numbers by using the EVENT program.
The variations of percentage growth changes (GC) in P. koraiensis and A. nephrolepis at the edges of forest gap were similar to those in closed canopy. However, there are apparent differences in GC among different gaps; the forest gap disturbance and its impact varied greatly. The strong growth release in P. koraiensis occurred in the periods 1733-1738, 1748-1752, 1769-1771, 1798-1801, 1827-1833, 1841-1844, 1935-1939, and 1968-1973, with significant disturbance peaks in 1752, 1770, 1800, 1830, 1842, 1937, and 1970. The growth release in A. nephrolepis occurred in the periods 1889-1904, 1932-1938, 1947-1973, and 1986-2005, with significant disturbance peaks in 1894, 1934, 1951, 1968 and 1990. The disturbances occurred at intervals of 2.0 a, 3.5 a, 3.8 a, 7.3-7.9 a, and 9.1-18.2 a in P. koraiensis, and of 3.5-3.6 a, 7.5-48.8 a, and 65-85 a in A. nephrolepis. Wind was a major mode of disturbances for producing forest gaps and resulting in tree growth releases in the primary broad-leaved P. koraiensis forest in the Xiaoxing’an Mountain. In addition, extreme temperatures could also affect the regime of tree growth release in this region. Solar activity may be another important mechanism of forest gap disturbance and tree growth release in the primary broad-leaved P. koraiensis forest; it affects the forest gap dynamics by changing local wind speed, air temperature, precipitation, and other large-scale climate patterns in the Xiaoxing’an Mountain.
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