收稿日期: 2009-09-23
录用日期: 2009-11-12
网络出版日期: 2010-04-01
Diversity and distribution of epiphytic orchids in different types of old-growth tropical forests in Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China
Received date: 2009-09-23
Accepted date: 2009-11-12
Online published: 2010-04-01
附生兰科植物是热带林附生植物的主要类群之一, 对于维持热带林生态系统的物种多样性及生态功能具有重要的作用。以海南岛霸王岭国家级自然保护区内的6种热带原始林类型(热带季雨林、低地雨林、热带针叶林、山地雨林、山地常绿林及山顶矮林)中的附生兰科植物为研究对象, 通过样带调查(每个森林类型设置12个10 m × 50 m的样带, 记录每个样带内胸径(DBH) ≥ 5 cm的树木及藤本上附生兰科植物的物种名称、株数及附生位置)分析了附生兰科植物的物种多样性、附生位置及其在不同森林类型中的分布规律。结果表明: 1) 3.6 hm2森林调查样带内共记录到附生兰科植物9 634株, 分属于26属60种; 2)除趋势对应分析(DCA)结果表明, 6种森林类型中的附生兰科植物可分成5组(其中, 山地常绿林与山顶矮林内的附生兰科植物归为一组); 3)分布海拔范围相临近的森林类型的附生兰科植物具有较高的相似性, 山地常绿林和山顶矮林附生兰科植物的相似性最高(88.9%); 4) 6种森林类型中, 较高海拔的3种森林类型(山地雨林、山地常绿林和山顶矮林)中, 附生兰科植物的丰富度和多度均显著高于其在较低海拔的3种森林类型(热带季雨林、低地雨林和热带针叶林), 其中, 附生兰科植物在山地常绿林内的丰富度和多度均最高; 5)热带季雨林、低地雨林、热带针叶林及山地雨林内, 宿主冠区附生兰科植物的多度均高于干区; 山地常绿林内两者之间无显著差异; 而山顶矮林干区的附生兰科植物的多度高于冠区; 6)调查木上附生兰科植物的发生率在高海拔森林类型均高于其在低海拔森林类型, 各森林类型内附生兰科植物的多度及物种丰富度与宿主胸径均存在显著正相关关系。
刘广福, 臧润国, 丁易, 王文毅, 李儒财, 陈少伟, 周照骊 . 海南霸王岭不同森林类型附生兰科植物的多样性和分布[J]. 植物生态学报, 2010 , 34(4) : 396 -408 . DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.04.005
Aims Epiphytic orchids are a major group of epiphytes and vital to maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in tropical forests. Our objective was to explore diversity and distribution of epiphytic orchids among six different types of old-growth tropical forests (tropical monsoon forest, SF; tropical lowland rain forest, LF; tropical coniferous forest, CF; tropical montane rain forest, MF; tropical mountain evergreen forest, ME; and tropical elfin forest, EF) in Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China.
Methods We established twelve 0.05 hm2 (10 m × 50 m) plots in each type of old-growth forest and recorded species, individuals and position of epiphytic orchids on each tree and liana with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm in each plot.
Important findings We recorded a total of 9 634 epiphytic orchids belonging to 60 species and 26 genera in the total sample of 3.6 hm2. Detrended Correspondence Analysis based on the presence-absence and abundance showed that the epiphytic orchids of the six types of forests were divided into five groups (epiphytic orchids in ME and EF were clustered into one group). There was high similarity between neighboring altitudinal forest types, with the highest value (88.9%) between the ME and EF. Species richness and abundance of epiphytic orchids in the high altitude forest types were greater than in the low altitude forest types, with highest value in the ME. Differences in abundance of epiphytic orchids between in the trunk and the crown were crown > trunk in the SF, LF, CF and MF, no difference in ME and trunk > crown in EF. The ratio of the epiphytic orchids phorophytes to the total investigated plants was higher in the high altitude forest types than in the low altitude forest types. Epiphytic orchid abundance and species richness were both significant positive correlated with phorophyte size (DBH) in each forest type.
Key words： distribution; diversity; epiphyte; Hainan Island; orchids; tropical forest
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