海南霸王岭不同森林类型附生兰科植物的多样性和分布

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

附生兰科植物是热带林附生植物的主要类群之一, 对于维持热带林生态系统的物种多样性及生态功能具有重要的作用。以海南岛霸王岭国家级自然保护区内的6种热带原始林类型(热带季雨林、低地雨林、热带针叶林、山地雨林、山地常绿林及山顶矮林)中的附生兰科植物为研究对象, 通过样带调查(每个森林类型设置12个10 m × 50 m的样带, 记录每个样带内胸径(DBH) ≥ 5 cm的树木及藤本上附生兰科植物的物种名称、株数及附生位置)分析了附生兰科植物的物种多样性、附生位置及其在不同森林类型中的分布规律。结果表明: 1) 3.6 hm²森林调查样带内共记录到附生兰科植物9 634株, 分属于26属60种; 2)除趋势对应分析(DCA)结果表明, 6种森林类型中的附生兰科植物可分成5组(其中, 山地常绿林与山顶矮林内的附生兰科植物归为一组); 3)分布海拔范围相临近的森林类型的附生兰科植物具有较高的相似性, 山地常绿林和山顶矮林附生兰科植物的相似性最高(88.9%); 4) 6种森林类型中, 较高海拔的3种森林类型(山地雨林、山地常绿林和山顶矮林)中, 附生兰科植物的丰富度和多度均显著高于其在较低海拔的3种森林类型(热带季雨林、低地雨林和热带针叶林), 其中, 附生兰科植物在山地常绿林内的丰富度和多度均最高; 5)热带季雨林、低地雨林、热带针叶林及山地雨林内, 宿主冠区附生兰科植物的多度均高于干区; 山地常绿林内两者之间无显著差异; 而山顶矮林干区的附生兰科植物的多度高于冠区; 6)调查木上附生兰科植物的发生率在高海拔森林类型均高于其在低海拔森林类型, 各森林类型内附生兰科植物的多度及物种丰富度与宿主胸径均存在显著正相关关系。

关键词: 分布, 多样性, 附生植物, 海南岛, 兰科植物, 热带林

Abstract:

Aims Epiphytic orchids are a major group of epiphytes and vital to maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in tropical forests. Our objective was to explore diversity and distribution of epiphytic orchids among six different types of old-growth tropical forests (tropical monsoon forest, SF; tropical lowland rain forest, LF; tropical coniferous forest, CF; tropical montane rain forest, MF; tropical mountain evergreen forest, ME; and tropical elfin forest, EF) in Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China.

Methods We established twelve 0.05 hm² (10 m × 50 m) plots in each type of old-growth forest and recorded species, individuals and position of epiphytic orchids on each tree and liana with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm in each plot.

Important findings We recorded a total of 9 634 epiphytic orchids belonging to 60 species and 26 genera in the total sample of 3.6 hm². Detrended Correspondence Analysis based on the presence-absence and abundance showed that the epiphytic orchids of the six types of forests were divided into five groups (epiphytic orchids in ME and EF were clustered into one group). There was high similarity between neighboring altitudinal forest types, with the highest value (88.9%) between the ME and EF. Species richness and abundance of epiphytic orchids in the high altitude forest types were greater than in the low altitude forest types, with highest value in the ME. Differences in abundance of epiphytic orchids between in the trunk and the crown were crown > trunk in the SF, LF, CF and MF, no difference in ME and trunk > crown in EF. The ratio of the epiphytic orchids phorophytes to the total investigated plants was higher in the high altitude forest types than in the low altitude forest types. Epiphytic orchid abundance and species richness were both significant positive correlated with phorophyte size (DBH) in each forest type.

Key words: distribution, diversity, epiphyte, Hainan Island, orchids, tropical forest

刘广福, 臧润国, 丁易, 王文毅, 李儒财, 陈少伟, 周照骊. 海南霸王岭不同森林类型附生兰科植物的多样性和分布. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(4): 396-408. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.04.005

LIU Guang-Fu, ZANG Run-Guo, DING Yi, WANG Wen-Yi, LI Ru-Cai, CHEN Shao-Wei, ZHOU Zhao-Li. Diversity and distribution of epiphytic orchids in different types of old-growth tropical forests in Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(4): 396-408. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.04.005

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图/表 6

参考文献 63

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	森林类型 Forest type
	热带季雨林 SF	低地雨林 LF	热带针叶林 CF	山地雨林 MF	山地常绿林 ME	山顶矮林 EF
热带季雨林 SF		7	7	5	1	1
低地雨林 LF	46.7%		9	11	6	5
热带针叶林 CF	45.2%	58.1%		10	8	7
山地雨林 MF	23.3%	51.2%	45.5%		17	16
山地常绿林 ME	4.1%	24.5%	32.0%	54.8%		28
山地矮林 EF	2.3%	22.7%	31.1%	56.1%	88.9%

	森林类型 Forest type
	热带季雨林 SF	低地雨林 LF	热带针叶林 CF	山地雨林 MF	山地常绿林 ME	山顶矮林 EF
热带季雨林 SF		7	7	5	1	1
低地雨林 LF	46.7%		9	11	6	5
热带针叶林 CF	45.2%	58.1%		10	8	7
山地雨林 MF	23.3%	51.2%	45.5%		17	16
山地常绿林 ME	4.1%	24.5%	32.0%	54.8%		28
山地矮林 EF	2.3%	22.7%	31.1%	56.1%	88.9%

物种 Species	森林类型 Forest type	株数 No. of individuals	附生类型 Epiphyte type
多花脆兰 Acampe rigida	SF	1	FE
禾叶兰 Agrostophyllum callosum	ME、EF	37	FE
窄唇蜘蛛兰 Arachnis labrosa	LF、MF、LF	24	OB
赤唇石豆兰 Bulbophyllum affine	MF	1	FE
芳香石豆兰 Bulbophyllum ambrosia	ME、EF、MF	716	OB
戟唇石豆兰 Bulbophyllum hastatum	LF	1	FE
广东石豆兰 Bulbophyllum kwangtungense	ME、EF	381	FE
伏生石豆兰 Bulbophyllum reptans	ME	13	FE
藓叶卷瓣兰 Bulbophyllum retusiusculum	ME、EF	104	FE
石豆兰属一种 Bulbophyllum sp.	CF、MF、ME	70	FE
牛角兰 Ceratostylis hainanensis	ME、MF、EF	383	FE
管叶牛角兰 Ceratostylis subulata	MF、ME、EF	57	FE
隔距兰属一种 Cleisostoma sp.	LF	4	FE
美花隔距兰 Cleisostoma birmanicum	MF、 ME、EF	75	FE
金塔隔距兰 Cleisostoma filiforme	CF	1	OB
大序隔距兰 Cleisostoma paniculatum	LF、MF、ME、EF	143	FE
尖喙隔距兰 Cleisostoma rostratum	MF	6	FE
红花隔距兰 Cleisostoma williamosonii	SF、LF、CF、MF	23	FE
流苏贝母兰 Coelogyne fimbriata	ME、EF	1 829	FE
硬叶兰 Cymbidium bicolor	SF	3	FE
冬凤兰 Cymbidium dayanum	SF、LF、CF、MF、ME、EF	23	FE
象牙白 Cymbidium eburneum	ME、EF	7	FE
多花兰 Cymbidium floribundum	MF、ME、EF	13	FE
剑叶石斛 Dendrobium acinaciforme	SF、LF、CF、MF	187	FE
钩状石斛 Dendrobium aduncum	MF	16	OB
昌江石斛 Dendrobium changjiangense	LF、MF、CF	137	FE
密花石斛 Dendrobium densiflorum	LF、CF、MF、ME、EF	36	FE
海南石斛 Dendrobium hainanense	LF、CF、MF、ME	279	OB
聚石斛 Dendrobium lindleyi	LF	18	FE
石斛 Dendrobium nobile	LF 、MF、ME、 EF、	19	FE
华石斛 Dendrobium sinense	CF 、ME、EF	527	OB
梳唇石斛 Dendrobium strongylanthum	MF	1	OB
黑毛石斛 Dendrobium willianmsonii	CF、MF、ME、EF	46	OB
厚唇兰 Epigeneium clemensiae	ME、EF	96	OB
足茎毛兰 Eria coronaria	ME、MF、EF	230	FE
长苞毛兰 Eria obvia	LF、CF、MF、ME、EF	548	FE
指叶毛兰 Eria pannea	CF、MF、ME、EF	579	OB
五脊毛兰 Eria quinquelamellosa	ME	9	FE
玫瑰毛兰 Eria rosea	CF	37	FE
石豆毛兰 Eria thao	ME、EF	449	FE
狭叶金石斛 Flickingeria angustifolia	ME、EF	16	OB
海南盆距兰 Gastrochilus hainanensis	SF	112	OB
大尖囊兰 Kingidium deliciosum	SF	14	FE
镰翅羊耳蒜 Liparis bootanensis	ME、EF	669	FE
丛生羊耳蒜 Liparis cespitosa	ME、EF	375	FE
钗子股 Luisia morsei	SF、CF	99	OB
槌柱兰 Malleola dentifera	SF	14	OB
美丽云叶兰 Nephelaphyllum pulchrum	ME	3	AE
云叶兰 Nephelaphyllum tenuiflorum	EF	1	AE
红唇鸢尾兰 Oberonia rufilabris	MF、ME	13	OB
密苞鸢尾兰 Oberonia variabilis	ME	3	OB
石仙桃 Pholidota chinensis	MF、ME、EF	606	FE
细叶石仙桃 Pholidota cantonensis	ME、EF	95	FE
火焰兰 Renanthera coccinea	SF、CF	94	HE
海南钻喙兰 Rhynchostylis gigantea	SF	47	OB
大叶寄树兰 Robiquetia spatulata	SF	74	FE
匙唇兰 Schoenorchis gemmata	ME、ME、EF	133	OB
矮柱兰 Thelasis pygmaea	MF	1	FE
海台白点兰 Thrixspermum annamense	SF	19	OB
纯色万代兰 Vanda subconcolor	SF、LF、CF、MF	117	OB

物种 Species	森林类型 Forest type	株数 No. of individuals	附生类型 Epiphyte type
多花脆兰 Acampe rigida	SF	1	FE
禾叶兰 Agrostophyllum callosum	ME、EF	37	FE
窄唇蜘蛛兰 Arachnis labrosa	LF、MF、LF	24	OB
赤唇石豆兰 Bulbophyllum affine	MF	1	FE
芳香石豆兰 Bulbophyllum ambrosia	ME、EF、MF	716	OB
戟唇石豆兰 Bulbophyllum hastatum	LF	1	FE
广东石豆兰 Bulbophyllum kwangtungense	ME、EF	381	FE
伏生石豆兰 Bulbophyllum reptans	ME	13	FE
藓叶卷瓣兰 Bulbophyllum retusiusculum	ME、EF	104	FE
石豆兰属一种 Bulbophyllum sp.	CF、MF、ME	70	FE
牛角兰 Ceratostylis hainanensis	ME、MF、EF	383	FE
管叶牛角兰 Ceratostylis subulata	MF、ME、EF	57	FE
隔距兰属一种 Cleisostoma sp.	LF	4	FE
美花隔距兰 Cleisostoma birmanicum	MF、 ME、EF	75	FE
金塔隔距兰 Cleisostoma filiforme	CF	1	OB
大序隔距兰 Cleisostoma paniculatum	LF、MF、ME、EF	143	FE
尖喙隔距兰 Cleisostoma rostratum	MF	6	FE
红花隔距兰 Cleisostoma williamosonii	SF、LF、CF、MF	23	FE
流苏贝母兰 Coelogyne fimbriata	ME、EF	1 829	FE
硬叶兰 Cymbidium bicolor	SF	3	FE
冬凤兰 Cymbidium dayanum	SF、LF、CF、MF、ME、EF	23	FE
象牙白 Cymbidium eburneum	ME、EF	7	FE
多花兰 Cymbidium floribundum	MF、ME、EF	13	FE
剑叶石斛 Dendrobium acinaciforme	SF、LF、CF、MF	187	FE
钩状石斛 Dendrobium aduncum	MF	16	OB
昌江石斛 Dendrobium changjiangense	LF、MF、CF	137	FE
密花石斛 Dendrobium densiflorum	LF、CF、MF、ME、EF	36	FE
海南石斛 Dendrobium hainanense	LF、CF、MF、ME	279	OB
聚石斛 Dendrobium lindleyi	LF	18	FE
石斛 Dendrobium nobile	LF 、MF、ME、 EF、	19	FE
华石斛 Dendrobium sinense	CF 、ME、EF	527	OB
梳唇石斛 Dendrobium strongylanthum	MF	1	OB
黑毛石斛 Dendrobium willianmsonii	CF、MF、ME、EF	46	OB
厚唇兰 Epigeneium clemensiae	ME、EF	96	OB
足茎毛兰 Eria coronaria	ME、MF、EF	230	FE
长苞毛兰 Eria obvia	LF、CF、MF、ME、EF	548	FE
指叶毛兰 Eria pannea	CF、MF、ME、EF	579	OB
五脊毛兰 Eria quinquelamellosa	ME	9	FE
玫瑰毛兰 Eria rosea	CF	37	FE
石豆毛兰 Eria thao	ME、EF	449	FE
狭叶金石斛 Flickingeria angustifolia	ME、EF	16	OB
海南盆距兰 Gastrochilus hainanensis	SF	112	OB
大尖囊兰 Kingidium deliciosum	SF	14	FE
镰翅羊耳蒜 Liparis bootanensis	ME、EF	669	FE
丛生羊耳蒜 Liparis cespitosa	ME、EF	375	FE
钗子股 Luisia morsei	SF、CF	99	OB
槌柱兰 Malleola dentifera	SF	14	OB
美丽云叶兰 Nephelaphyllum pulchrum	ME	3	AE
云叶兰 Nephelaphyllum tenuiflorum	EF	1	AE
红唇鸢尾兰 Oberonia rufilabris	MF、ME	13	OB
密苞鸢尾兰 Oberonia variabilis	ME	3	OB
石仙桃 Pholidota chinensis	MF、ME、EF	606	FE
细叶石仙桃 Pholidota cantonensis	ME、EF	95	FE
火焰兰 Renanthera coccinea	SF、CF	94	HE
海南钻喙兰 Rhynchostylis gigantea	SF	47	OB
大叶寄树兰 Robiquetia spatulata	SF	74	FE
匙唇兰 Schoenorchis gemmata	ME、ME、EF	133	OB
矮柱兰 Thelasis pygmaea	MF	1	FE
海台白点兰 Thrixspermum annamense	SF	19	OB
纯色万代兰 Vanda subconcolor	SF、LF、CF、MF	117	OB