火烧黑碳对生长季兴安落叶松林外生菌根真菌群落物种组成的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0333

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 792-803.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0333

所属专题：菌根真菌

火烧黑碳对生长季兴安落叶松林外生菌根真菌群落物种组成的影响

胡同欣, 李蓓, 李光新, 任玥霄, 丁海磊, 孙龙()

森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室, 东北林业大学林学院, 哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2022-08-18 接受日期:2022-11-11 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2022-11-11
通讯作者: * (sunlong365@126.com)
作者简介:ORCID:胡同欣: 0000-0003-3197-5145
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32001324);中国科协青年托举工程项目(YESS20210370);黑龙江省自然基金优秀青年-联合引导项目(LH2021C012)

Effects of fire originated black carbon on species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Larix gmelinii forest in growing season

HU Tong-Xin, LI Bei, LI Guang-Xin, REN Yue-Xiao, DING Hai-Lei, SUN Long()

Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2022-08-18 Accepted:2022-11-11 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2022-11-11
Contact: * (sunlong365@126.com)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001324);Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20210370);Excellent Youth Joint Guidance Project of Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation(LH2021C012)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

火烧是北方森林生态系统的重要扰动因子, 而黑碳作为火烧后的产物在森林土壤中普遍存在。虽然黑碳对树木生长有积极影响, 但对黑碳和促进树木生长的微生物(如菌根真菌)之间的协同作用还知之甚少。外生菌根(ECM)真菌作为北方森林生态系统中针叶树种与土壤联系的桥梁, 探究火烧后ECM真菌群落的变化可为火烧后北方森林生态系统碳库恢复与科学管理提供理论依据。该研究以大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林为研究对象, 利用高通量测序的方法对ECM真菌进行鉴定, 探究生长季中火烧和黑碳添加处理下ECM真菌群落的变化特征及其关键影响因子。研究结果显示: (1)在生长季中, 与对照相比, 火烧处理下ECM真菌的α多样性显著下降了31.52%, 而黑碳添加处理下的α多样性显著增加了49.02%。β多样性分析也显示生长季中火烧和黑碳添加处理下ECM真菌群落物种组成存在显著差异。(2)在生长季中, 火烧处理的ECM真菌的丰度显著下降了46.35%, 但火烧处理对担子菌门物种丰度的增加影响显著, 而黑碳添加处理对子囊菌门与担子菌门物种丰度的增加均有影响。(3)在生长季中, 火烧和黑碳添加处理中ECM真菌群落物种组成均受到土壤pH、含水率和全氮含量的显著影响, 但在黑碳添加处理中与土壤pH和全氮含量正相关, 与土壤含水率负相关。该研究表明, 火烧降低了生长季中兴安落叶松林ECM真菌的多样性, 并显著降低了其丰度。但是, 火烧后黑碳的添加通过影响土壤pH以及土壤氮含量, 促进了ECM真菌恢复并增加了其多样性。

关键词: 火烧, 兴安落叶松, 外生菌根真菌, 黑碳, 多样性

Abstract:

Aims Fire is an important disturbance factor in the northern forest ecosystem, and black carbon, a product of fire, widely exists in most forest soils. Many studies have shown the positive impact of black carbon on plant yield, but little is known about the synergy between black carbon and microorganisms (such as mycorrhizal fungi) which can promote plant growth. Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) fungi is like a bridge between coniferous trees and soil in the northern forest ecosystem. Exploring the changes of ECM fungal community after fire can provide a theoretical basis for the carbon pool restoration and help with scientific management of the northern forest ecosystem after fire.

Methods In this study, Larix gmelinii forest in the Da Hinggan Mountains was taken as the research object. Samples were taken at the beginning of the growing season (June) and at the end of the growing season (September) after fire disturbance. ECM fungi were identified by high-throughput sequencing method to explore the changes and key influencing factors of ECM fungal community under the treatment of fire and black carbon addition.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) During the growing season, compared with CK, the α-diversity of ECM fungal community treated by fire decreased significantly by 31.52%, while it increased significantly by 49.02% under black carbon addition treatment. There were significant differences in the β-diversity of of ECM fungal community under fire and black carbon addition treatments during the growing season. (2) During the growing season, the abundance of ECM fungi treated by fire decreased significantly by 46.35%, but the fire treatment significantly increased Basidiomycetes species abundance, while black carbon addition treatment increased Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes species abundance. (3) During the growing season, the composition of ECM fungal community in Larix gmelini forest was significantly affected by soil pH, water content and total nitrogen content under the fire and black carbon addition treatments, but it was positively correlated with soil pH and total nitrogen content and negatively correlated with soil water content in the black carbon addition treatment. The results of this study showed that fire reduced the diversity of ECM fungi in Larix gmelinii forest during the growing season, and significantly reduced the abundance of ECM fungi. However, the addition of black carbon after fire may change this negative effect. By affecting the changes of soil pH and soil nitrogen content, black carbon promoted the recovery of ECM fungi and increased its diversity. Therefore, the long-term impact of black carbon on ECM fungal community should be continuously monitored in the future.

Key words: fire, Larix gmelinii, ectomycorrhizal fungi, black carbon, diversity

胡同欣, 李蓓, 李光新, 任玥霄, 丁海磊, 孙龙. 火烧黑碳对生长季兴安落叶松林外生菌根真菌群落物种组成的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(6): 792-803. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0333

HU Tong-Xin, LI Bei, LI Guang-Xin, REN Yue-Xiao, DING Hai-Lei, SUN Long. Effects of fire originated black carbon on species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Larix gmelinii forest in growing season. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(6): 792-803. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0333

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0333

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I6/792

图/表 9

图1 黑碳的扫描电子显微镜图像。

Fig. 1 The image of black carbon under scanning electron microscope.

表1 大兴安岭毕拉河样地基本信息 (平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Basic information of the plots in Bila river of Da Hinggan Mountains (mean ± SD)

样地 Plot	树木胸径 Diameter at breast height of trees (cm)	香农-维纳多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	生物量 Biomass (g·m^-2)
CK	16.63 ± 0.96	1.23 ± 0.50	84.86 ± 21.14
F	15.57 ± 0.75	1.42 ± 0.41	114.20 ± 28.45
F-C	17.47 ± 1.03	1.39 ± 0.29	96.10 ± 32.07
F+C	17.83 ± 0.67	1.50 ± 0.62	120.82 ± 87.17

表2 不同处理和月份对兴安落叶松林土壤理化性质和菌根真菌多样性影响的双因素检验

Table 2 Two factors test of effects of different treatments and months on soil physical and chemical properties, and ectomycorrhizal fungi diversity in a Larix gemelinii forest

	月份 Month (df = 1)		组别 Group (df = 3)		月份×组别 Month × group (df = 3)
	F	p	F	p	F	p
pH	33.31	**	18.96	**	2.67	ns
SWC	33.48	**	19.30	**	4.57	**
NH+ 4-N	107.05	**	10.08	**	9.70	**
NO- 3-N	2.21	ns	3.10	**	2.26	ns
TN	22.99	**	2.63	ns	5.63	**
TC	11.32	**	12.79	**	2.06	ns
Chao1	5.09	*	0.97	ns	4.43	**
Shannon	0.95	ns	4.85	**	7.61	**
Simpson	2.02	ns	3.48	*	6.50	**

图2 火烧黑碳对兴安落叶松林生长季初期(6月份)和生长季末期(9月份)土壤理化性质的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 未火烧对照; F, 火烧样地; F-C, 去除黑碳样地; F+C, 添加黑碳样地。不同大写字母表示同一处理不同月份之间的差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一月份不同处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。NH+ 4-N, 土壤铵态氮含量; NO- 3-N, 土壤硝态氮含量; SWC, 土壤含水率; TC, 土壤全碳含量; TN, 土壤全氮含量。

Fig. 2 Effects of adding black carbon after fire on soil physical and chemical properties at the beginning (June) and the end (September) of the growing season in a Larix gmelinii forest (mean ± SE). CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between months of the same treatment (p < 0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same month (p < 0.05). NH+ 4-N, soil ammonium nitrogen content; NO- 3-N, soil nitrate nitrogen content; SWC, soil water content; TC, soil total carbon content; TN, soil total nitrogen content.

图3 火烧黑碳影响下的兴安落叶松林生长季初期(6月份, A)和生长季末期(9月份, B)的外生菌根真菌群落alpha指数稀疏曲线图。CK, 未火烧对照; F, 火烧样地; F-C, 去除黑碳样地; F+C, 添加黑碳样地。

Fig. 3 Sparse plots of alpha index of the ectomycorrhiza fungi community under fire originated black carbon at the beginning (June, A) and the end (September, B) of the growing season in a Larix gmelinii forest. CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots.

图4 火烧黑碳对兴安落叶松林生长季初期(6月份)和生长季末期(9月份)外生菌根真菌多样性指数的影响(平均值±标准误)。不同大写字母表示同一处理不同月份之间的差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一月份不同处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK, 未火烧对照; F, 火烧样地; F-C, 黑碳去除样地; F+C, 黑碳添加样地。

Fig. 4 Effects of adding black carbon after fire on diversity index at the beginning (June) and the end (September) of the growing season in a Larix gmelinii forest (mean ± SE). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between months of the same treatment (p < 0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same month (p < 0.05). CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots.

图5 火烧黑碳对兴安落叶松林生长季初期(6月份, A)和生长季末期(9月份, B)外生菌根真菌群落影响的非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析。CK, 未火烧对照; F, 火烧样地; F-C, 去除黑碳样地; F+C, 添加黑碳样地。

Fig. 5 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of adding black carbon after fire at the beginning (June, A) and the end (September, B) of the growing season in a Larix gmelinii forest. CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots.

图6 兴安落叶松林外生菌根真菌属水平的群落物种组成。A, 生长季初期(6月份)。B, 生长季末期(9月份)。CK, 未火烧对照; F, 火烧样地; F-C, 去除样地; F+C, 添加黑碳样地。

Fig. 6 Species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi at the genus level in a Larix gmelinii forest. A, At the beginning of the growing season (June). B, At the end of the growing season (September). CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots.

图7 环境因子与兴安落叶松外生菌根真菌群落属水平上物种相对丰度之间的冗余分析(RDA)。A, 生长季初期(6月份)。B, 生长季末期(9月份)。CK, 未火烧对照; F, 火烧样地; F-C, 去除黑碳样地; F+C, 添加黑碳样地。NH+ 4-N, 土壤铵态氮含量; NO- 3-N, 土壤硝态氮含量; SWC, 土壤含水率; TC, 土壤全碳含量; TN, 土壤全氮含量; Treatments, 处理。Fuscoboletinus, 褐小牛肝菌属; Hygrophorus, 蜡伞属; Lachnum, 粒毛盘菌属; Phialocephala, 瓶头霉属; Russula, 红菇属; Sebacina, 蜡壳菌属; Tomentella, 棉革菌属; Trichophaea, 长毛盘菌属。

Fig. 7 Redundancy analysis (RDA) between environmental factors and ectomycorrhizal fungi species relative abundance at the genus level of Larix gmelini. A, Early growth season (June). B, End of growing season (September). CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots. NH+ 4-N, soil ammonium nitrogen content; NO- 3-N, soil nitrate nitrogen content; SWC, soil water content; TC, soil total carbon content; TN, soil total nitrogen content.

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火烧黑碳对生长季兴安落叶松林外生菌根真菌群落物种组成的影响

Effects of fire originated black carbon on species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Larix gmelinii forest in growing season

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