植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 660-674.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0244 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0244
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
陈科宇(), 邢森, 唐玉, 孙佳慧, 任世杰, 张静, 纪宝明*()
收稿日期:
2023-08-19
接受日期:
2023-12-21
出版日期:
2024-05-20
发布日期:
2023-12-21
通讯作者:
(基金资助:
CHEN Ke-Yu(), XING Sen, TANG Yu, SUN Jia-Hui, REN Shi-Jie, ZHANG Jing, JI Bao-Ming*()
Received:
2023-08-19
Accepted:
2023-12-21
Online:
2024-05-20
Published:
2023-12-21
Contact:
(Supported by:
摘要:
丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)在草地生态系统中广泛分布, 对维持草地生态系统生产力和稳定性具有重要意义, 而中国天然草地生态系统AMF群落的分布特征及其驱动机制尚不明确。该研究以常见的18种草地类型为研究对象, 通过野外调查不同植物群落特征, 分析土壤理化性质和AMF群落特征, 探究中国草地生态系统不同草地类型土壤AMF群落特征及其驱动因素。结果表明, 近明球囊霉属(Claroideoglomus)、隔球囊霉属(Septoglomus)、多孢囊霉属(Diversispora)、根孢囊霉属(Rhizophagus)、无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)、球囊霉属(Glomus)和双型囊霉属(Ambispora)在不同草地类型AMF群落中占据优势地位(相对多度>15%)。不同草地类型AMF群落在物种组成和多样性上存在差异, 且紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)草地AMF群落多样性和稀有可操作分类单元(OTU) (相对多度<0.1%的OTU)占比相对较高。结构方程模型表明, AMF群落多样性受植物群落多样性和土壤pH的显著影响, 而AMF群落组成受温度、土壤含水率和植物群落组成的显著影响。综上所述, 中国天然草地AMF资源丰富, 且不同草地类型AMF群落存在较大差异。草地生态系统植物群落特征对AMF群落特征具有强烈的驱动作用, 保护植物多样性对于维持土壤微生物群落稳定性具有重要意义。
陈科宇, 邢森, 唐玉, 孙佳慧, 任世杰, 张静, 纪宝明. 不同草地类型土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落特征及其驱动因素. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(5): 660-674. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0244
CHEN Ke-Yu, XING Sen, TANG Yu, SUN Jia-Hui, REN Shi-Jie, ZHANG Jing, JI Bao-Ming. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community characteristics and driving factors in different grassland types. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(5): 660-674. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0244
草地类型 Grassland type | 经度 Longitude (° E) | 纬度 Latitude (° N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 1-8月平均气温 Average air temperature of Jan. to Aug. (℃) | 1-8月降水量 Precipitation of Jan. to Aug. (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地 Carex parvula - Elymus nutans grassland | 91.90 | 29.72 | 4 056 | -4.29 | 576.73 |
高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地 C. parvula - Bistorta macrophylla grassland | 93.25 | 30.69 | 4 473 | -9.73 | 328.00 |
蕨麻草地 Argentina anserina grassland | 91.15 | 31.12 | 4 488 | -2.51 | 316.85 |
高山早熟禾草地 Poa alpina grassland | 91.90 | 29.73 | 4 050 | -4.29 | 576.73 |
西藏嵩草草地 C. tibetikobresia grassland | 93.23 | 31.92 | 4 543 | -9.99 | 478.53 |
垂穗披碱草草地 E. nutans grassland | 98.27 | 30.87 | 3 640 | -4.42 | 579.03 |
火绒草草地 Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland | 91.51 | 31.87 | 4 502 | -3.21 | 392.97 |
紫花针茅草地 Stipa purpurea grassland | 90.32 | 31.39 | 4 641 | -2.54 | 340.49 |
紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地 S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland | 84.83 | 32.00 | 4 578 | -1.43 | 92.64 |
沙生薹草草地 C. praeclara grassland | 84.03 | 29.78 | 4 816 | -8.25 | 186.31 |
丝颖针茅草地 S. capillacea grassland | 84.03 | 29.77 | 4 836 | -8.22 | 186.31 |
大花嵩草草地 C. nudicarpa grassland | 88.47 | 28.21 | 4 700 | 0.44 | 271.86 |
羊草-短花针茅草地 Leymus chinensis - S. breviflora grassland | 111.22 | 41.25 | 1 701 | 4.40 | 96.12 |
短花针茅-冷蒿草地 S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland | 111.22 | 41.26 | 1 690 | 4.39 | 95.89 |
羊草-糙隐子草草地 L. chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland | 116.34 | 44.27 | 1 075 | 3.00 | 136.15 |
大针茅草地 S. grandis grassland | 116.44 | 43.48 | 1 377 | 2.71 | 132.78 |
羊草-狼针草草地 L. chinensis - S. baicalensis grassland | 120.00 | 49.34 | 613 | -0.18 | 116.59 |
狼针草草地 S. baicalensis grassland | 119.98 | 49.60 | 644 | -0.31 | 119.26 |
表1 不同草地类型样地信息
Table 1 Plots information of different grassland types
草地类型 Grassland type | 经度 Longitude (° E) | 纬度 Latitude (° N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 1-8月平均气温 Average air temperature of Jan. to Aug. (℃) | 1-8月降水量 Precipitation of Jan. to Aug. (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地 Carex parvula - Elymus nutans grassland | 91.90 | 29.72 | 4 056 | -4.29 | 576.73 |
高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地 C. parvula - Bistorta macrophylla grassland | 93.25 | 30.69 | 4 473 | -9.73 | 328.00 |
蕨麻草地 Argentina anserina grassland | 91.15 | 31.12 | 4 488 | -2.51 | 316.85 |
高山早熟禾草地 Poa alpina grassland | 91.90 | 29.73 | 4 050 | -4.29 | 576.73 |
西藏嵩草草地 C. tibetikobresia grassland | 93.23 | 31.92 | 4 543 | -9.99 | 478.53 |
垂穗披碱草草地 E. nutans grassland | 98.27 | 30.87 | 3 640 | -4.42 | 579.03 |
火绒草草地 Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland | 91.51 | 31.87 | 4 502 | -3.21 | 392.97 |
紫花针茅草地 Stipa purpurea grassland | 90.32 | 31.39 | 4 641 | -2.54 | 340.49 |
紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地 S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland | 84.83 | 32.00 | 4 578 | -1.43 | 92.64 |
沙生薹草草地 C. praeclara grassland | 84.03 | 29.78 | 4 816 | -8.25 | 186.31 |
丝颖针茅草地 S. capillacea grassland | 84.03 | 29.77 | 4 836 | -8.22 | 186.31 |
大花嵩草草地 C. nudicarpa grassland | 88.47 | 28.21 | 4 700 | 0.44 | 271.86 |
羊草-短花针茅草地 Leymus chinensis - S. breviflora grassland | 111.22 | 41.25 | 1 701 | 4.40 | 96.12 |
短花针茅-冷蒿草地 S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland | 111.22 | 41.26 | 1 690 | 4.39 | 95.89 |
羊草-糙隐子草草地 L. chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland | 116.34 | 44.27 | 1 075 | 3.00 | 136.15 |
大针茅草地 S. grandis grassland | 116.44 | 43.48 | 1 377 | 2.71 | 132.78 |
羊草-狼针草草地 L. chinensis - S. baicalensis grassland | 120.00 | 49.34 | 613 | -0.18 | 116.59 |
狼针草草地 S. baicalensis grassland | 119.98 | 49.60 | 644 | -0.31 | 119.26 |
草地类型 Grassland type | 盖度 Coverage | 高度 Height | 丰富度 Richness | Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地 Carex parvula - Elymus nutans grassland | 98.40 ± 0.40a | 26.51 ± 1.46c | 9.20 ± 0.73c | 0.86 ± 0.01ab | 2.07 ± 0.05cd | 0.94 ± 0.01ab |
高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地 C. parvula - Bistorta macrophylla grassland | 98.00 ± 0.45a | 7.53 ± 0.26hij | 13.40 ± 0.51a | 0.89 ± 0.01a | 2.42 ± 0.02a | 0.94 ± 0.01ab |
蕨麻草地 Argentina anserina grassland | 48.00 ± 1.64e | 7.01 ± 0.71ij | 2.80 ± 0.37f | 0.51 ± 0.04hi | 0.82 ± 0.10jk | 0.89 ± 0.02abcd |
高山早熟禾草地 Poa alpina grassland | 94.20 ± 1.66ab | 12.01 ± 0.78efg | 12.40 ± 0.40ab | 0.89 ± 0.01a | 2.33 ± 0.03ab | 0.94 ± 0.02ab |
西藏嵩草草地 C. tibetikobresia grassland | 95.60 ± 1.50ab | 4.71 ± 0.23j | 11.60 ± 1.03b | 0.85 ± 0.02ab | 2.19 ± 0.08bc | 0.90 ± 0.01abcd |
垂穗披碱草草地 E. nutans grassland | 96.60 ± 0.51ab | 23.57 ± 1.62cd | 8.60 ± 0.51c | 0.84 ± 0.02abc | 1.87 ± 0.05def | 0.87 ± 0.01bcde |
火绒草草地 Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland | 64.20 ± 2.29d | 10.55 ± 0.57fgh | 3.60 ± 0.24f | 0.59 ± 0.03fg | 1.08 ± 0.06hi | 0.90 ± 0.03abcd |
紫花针茅草地 Stipa purpurea grassland | 48.00 ± 0.95e | 12.63 ± 0.18efg | 7.00 ± 0.45d | 0.78 ± 0.01bcd | 1.75 ± 0.05efg | 0.90 ± 0.01abcd |
紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地 S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland | 43.00 ± 3.74ef | 14.64 ± 0.21e | 3.00 ± 0.32f | 0.58 ± 0.01gh | 0.98 ± 0.01hij | 0.89 ± 0.01abcd |
沙生薹草草地 C. praeclara grassland | 40.40 ± 1.44fg | 9.84 ± 0.74ghi | 3.40 ± 0.24f | 0.73 ± 0.06de | 1.00 ± 0.02 hij | 0.85 ± 0.06de |
丝颖针茅草地 S. capillacea grassland | 36.00 ± 1.30g | 13.91 ± 0.54ef | 3.00 ± 0.45f | 0.67 ± 0.02ef | 0.88 ± 0.16ijk | 0.81 ± 0.04e |
大花嵩草草地 C. nudicarpa grassland | 29.00 ± 1.38h | 9.51 ± 1.28ghi | 2.40 ± 0.24f | 0.49 ± 0.03i | 0.75 ± 0.07k | 0.91 ± 0.02abcd |
羊草-短花针茅草地 Leymus chinensis - S. breviflora grassland | 43.40 ± 3.33ef | 20.44 ± 0.52d | 3.40 ± 0.24f | 0.67 ± 0.01ef | 1.15 ± 0.05h | 0.95 ± 0.01a |
短花针茅-冷蒿草地 S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland | 45.00 ± 1.70ef | 25.54 ± 1.35c | 3.00 ± 0.45f | 0.52 ± 0.05ghi | 0.90 ± 0.13ijk | 0.85 ± 0.01cde |
羊草-糙隐子草草地 L. chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland | 79.00 ± 2.63c | 31.59 ± 0.68b | 6.40 ± 0.24de | 0.77 ± 0.01cd | 1.65 ± 0.04g | 0.88 ± 0.01abcde |
大针茅草地 S. grandis grassland | 65.60 ± 0.87d | 21.84 ± 1.40d | 5.40 ± 0.24e | 0.76 ± 0.01cd | 1.55 ± 0.03g | 0.92 ± 0.01abcd |
羊草-狼针草草地 L. chinensis - S. baicalensis grassland | 95.20 ± 2.65ab | 36.32 ± 2.86a | 8.40 ± 0.24c | 0.83 ± 0.01abc | 1.93 ± 0.03de | 0.91 ± 0.01abcd |
狼针草草地 S. baicalensis grassland | 91.20 ± 1.20b | 34.12 ± 0.46ab | 6.40 ± 0.68de | 0.79 ± 0.01bcd | 1.69 ± 0.09fg | 0.92 ± 0.01abc |
表2 不同类型草地植物群落特征 (平均值±标准差)
Table 2 Plant community characteristics of different grassland types (mean ± SD)
草地类型 Grassland type | 盖度 Coverage | 高度 Height | 丰富度 Richness | Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地 Carex parvula - Elymus nutans grassland | 98.40 ± 0.40a | 26.51 ± 1.46c | 9.20 ± 0.73c | 0.86 ± 0.01ab | 2.07 ± 0.05cd | 0.94 ± 0.01ab |
高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地 C. parvula - Bistorta macrophylla grassland | 98.00 ± 0.45a | 7.53 ± 0.26hij | 13.40 ± 0.51a | 0.89 ± 0.01a | 2.42 ± 0.02a | 0.94 ± 0.01ab |
蕨麻草地 Argentina anserina grassland | 48.00 ± 1.64e | 7.01 ± 0.71ij | 2.80 ± 0.37f | 0.51 ± 0.04hi | 0.82 ± 0.10jk | 0.89 ± 0.02abcd |
高山早熟禾草地 Poa alpina grassland | 94.20 ± 1.66ab | 12.01 ± 0.78efg | 12.40 ± 0.40ab | 0.89 ± 0.01a | 2.33 ± 0.03ab | 0.94 ± 0.02ab |
西藏嵩草草地 C. tibetikobresia grassland | 95.60 ± 1.50ab | 4.71 ± 0.23j | 11.60 ± 1.03b | 0.85 ± 0.02ab | 2.19 ± 0.08bc | 0.90 ± 0.01abcd |
垂穗披碱草草地 E. nutans grassland | 96.60 ± 0.51ab | 23.57 ± 1.62cd | 8.60 ± 0.51c | 0.84 ± 0.02abc | 1.87 ± 0.05def | 0.87 ± 0.01bcde |
火绒草草地 Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland | 64.20 ± 2.29d | 10.55 ± 0.57fgh | 3.60 ± 0.24f | 0.59 ± 0.03fg | 1.08 ± 0.06hi | 0.90 ± 0.03abcd |
紫花针茅草地 Stipa purpurea grassland | 48.00 ± 0.95e | 12.63 ± 0.18efg | 7.00 ± 0.45d | 0.78 ± 0.01bcd | 1.75 ± 0.05efg | 0.90 ± 0.01abcd |
紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地 S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland | 43.00 ± 3.74ef | 14.64 ± 0.21e | 3.00 ± 0.32f | 0.58 ± 0.01gh | 0.98 ± 0.01hij | 0.89 ± 0.01abcd |
沙生薹草草地 C. praeclara grassland | 40.40 ± 1.44fg | 9.84 ± 0.74ghi | 3.40 ± 0.24f | 0.73 ± 0.06de | 1.00 ± 0.02 hij | 0.85 ± 0.06de |
丝颖针茅草地 S. capillacea grassland | 36.00 ± 1.30g | 13.91 ± 0.54ef | 3.00 ± 0.45f | 0.67 ± 0.02ef | 0.88 ± 0.16ijk | 0.81 ± 0.04e |
大花嵩草草地 C. nudicarpa grassland | 29.00 ± 1.38h | 9.51 ± 1.28ghi | 2.40 ± 0.24f | 0.49 ± 0.03i | 0.75 ± 0.07k | 0.91 ± 0.02abcd |
羊草-短花针茅草地 Leymus chinensis - S. breviflora grassland | 43.40 ± 3.33ef | 20.44 ± 0.52d | 3.40 ± 0.24f | 0.67 ± 0.01ef | 1.15 ± 0.05h | 0.95 ± 0.01a |
短花针茅-冷蒿草地 S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland | 45.00 ± 1.70ef | 25.54 ± 1.35c | 3.00 ± 0.45f | 0.52 ± 0.05ghi | 0.90 ± 0.13ijk | 0.85 ± 0.01cde |
羊草-糙隐子草草地 L. chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland | 79.00 ± 2.63c | 31.59 ± 0.68b | 6.40 ± 0.24de | 0.77 ± 0.01cd | 1.65 ± 0.04g | 0.88 ± 0.01abcde |
大针茅草地 S. grandis grassland | 65.60 ± 0.87d | 21.84 ± 1.40d | 5.40 ± 0.24e | 0.76 ± 0.01cd | 1.55 ± 0.03g | 0.92 ± 0.01abcd |
羊草-狼针草草地 L. chinensis - S. baicalensis grassland | 95.20 ± 2.65ab | 36.32 ± 2.86a | 8.40 ± 0.24c | 0.83 ± 0.01abc | 1.93 ± 0.03de | 0.91 ± 0.01abcd |
狼针草草地 S. baicalensis grassland | 91.20 ± 1.20b | 34.12 ± 0.46ab | 6.40 ± 0.68de | 0.79 ± 0.01bcd | 1.69 ± 0.09fg | 0.92 ± 0.01abc |
图1 不同草地类型植物群落组成的非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析。AA, 蕨麻草地; CN, 大花嵩草草地; CP, 沙生薹草草地; CP-BM, 高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地; CP-EN, 高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地; CT, 西藏嵩草草地; EN, 垂穗披碱草草地; LC-CS, 羊草-糙隐子草草地; LC-SB, 羊草-短花针茅草地; LC-SBA, 羊草-狼针草草地; LL, 火绒草草地; PA, 高山早熟禾草地; SB, 狼针草草地; SB-AF, 短花针茅-冷蒿草地; SC, 丝颖针茅草地; SG, 大针茅草地; SP, 紫花针茅草地; SP-CM, 紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地。Stress, 应力值。
Fig. 1 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of plant community composition of different grassland types. AA, Argentina anserina grassland; CN, Carex nudicarpa grassland; CP, C. praeclara grassland; CP-BM, C. parvulae - Bistorta macrophylla grassland; CP-EN, C. parvulae - Elymus nutans grassland; CT, C. tibetikobresia grassland; EN, E. nutans grassland; LC-CS, Leymus chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland; LC-SB, L. chinensis - S. breviflora grassland; LC-SBA, L. chinensis - Stipa baicalensis grassland; LL, Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland; PA, Poa alpina grassland; SB, S. baicalensis grassland; SB-AF, S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland; SC, S. capillacea grassland; SG, S. grandis grassland; SP, S. purpurea grassland; SP-CM, S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland.
草地类型 Grassland type | TC (g·kg-1) | TN (g·kg-1) | TP (g·kg-1) | NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) | NO3--N (mg·kg-1) | AP (mg·kg-1) | pH | 土壤含水率 Soil water content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地 Carex parvula - Elymus nutans grassland | 13.70 ± 1.17def | 1.40 ± 0.10fghi | 0.54 ± 0.03fg | 1.80 ± 0.30c | 1.13 ± 0.36e | 0.95 ± 0.14e | 6.47 ± 0.08e | 13.44 ± 1.67fgh |
高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地 C. parvula - Bistorta macrophylla grassland | 52.92 ± 1.15b | 4.57 ± 0.08c | 0.77 ± 0.02c | 22.51 ± 4.72b | 2.53 ± 0.29de | 4.46 ± 0.07cd | 6.23 ± 0.04ef | 34.86 ± 1.22ab |
蕨麻草地 Argentina anserina grassland | 59.90 ± 0.47b | 2.94 ± 0.04de | 0.67 ± 0.04de | 2.05 ± 0.29c | 42.20 ± 2.75bc | 4.73 ± 0.18cd | 7.93 ± 0.02b | 20.46 ± 0.47def |
高山早熟禾草地 Poa alpina grassland | 59.88 ± 8.07b | 4.94 ± 0.57bc | 0.81 ± 0.04c | 11.15 ± 4.20c | 67.73 ± 36.92b | 8.71 ± 0.58b | 5.97 ± 0.36fg | 31.59 ± 6.07abc |
西藏嵩草草地 C. tibetikobresia grassland | 61.66 ± 15.45b | 5.49 ± 1.40abc | 0.73 ± 0.08cd | 10.54 ± 2.40c | 23.58 ± 3.74cde | 8.49 ± 3.88b | 6.25 ± 0.11ef | 33.70 ± 7.89abc |
垂穗披碱草草地 E. nutans grassland | 76.54 ± 3.34a | 6.56 ± 0.27a | 1.10 ± 0.01a | 9.34 ± 1.03c | 197.20 ± 5.05a | 9.79 ± 0.11b | 5.79 ± 0.02g | 38.18 ± 1.29a |
火绒草草地 Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland | 22.88 ± 0.35cde | 2.04 ± 0.03defgh | 0.56 ± 0.02f | 3.25 ± 0.47c | 6.60 ± 0.76de | 1.98 ± 0.08de | 5.85 ± 0.08g | 16.65 ± 0.70def |
紫花针茅草地 Stipa purpurea grassland | 13.98 ± 0.81def | 0.85 ± 0.06hi | 0.37 ± 0.01i | 1.89 ± 0.29c | 7.71 ± 0.49de | 3.44 ± 0.16de | 7.86 ± 0.10b | 4.78 ± 0.91h |
紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地 S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland | 18.40 ± 0.41de | 1.89 ± 0.07efgh | 0.22 ± 0.01j | 1.69 ± 0.08c | 5.70 ± 0.30de | 1.74 ± 0.11de | 8.58 ± 0.02a | 4.91 ± 0.67h |
沙生薹草草地 C. praeclara grassland | 4.16 ± 0.39f | 0.47 ± 0.02i | 0.26 ± 0.02j | 1.33 ± 0.12c | 1.08 ± 0.17e | 2.83 ± 0.06de | 8.16 ± 0.06b | 11.24 ± 7.10gh |
丝颖针茅草地 S. capillacea grassland | 14.70 ± 0.62def | 1.50 ± 0.05fghi | 0.52 ± 0.01fg | 4.05 ± 0.61c | 5.51 ± 0.45de | 4.07 ± 0.09de | 7.05 ± 0.03cd | 4.96 ± 0.84h |
大花嵩草草地 C. nudicarpa grassland | 9.06 ± 0.28ef | 1.24 ± 0.03ghi | 0.61 ± 0.01ef | 2.13 ± 0.34c | 3.78 ± 0.42de | 7.22 ± 0.15bc | 8.16 ± 0.06b | 4.30 ± 0.28h |
羊草-短花针茅草地 Leymus chinensis - S. breviflora grassland | 18.20 ± 0.30de | 2.17 ± 0.03defg | 0.42 ± 0.01hi | 1.46 ± 0.19c | 32.35 ± 0.99cd | 2.66 ± 0.10de | 7.18 ± 0.02cd | 10.32 ± 0.36gh |
短花针茅-冷蒿草地 S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland | 14.18 ± 0.33def | 1.68 ± 0.03fgh | 0.39 ± 0.01i | 2.24 ± 0.44c | 11.51 ± 0.42de | 2.49 ± 0.12de | 6.80 ± 0.05d | 4.22 ± 0.11h |
羊草-糙隐子草草地 L. chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland | 23.44 ± 1.16cd | 2.54 ± 0.11def | 0.47 ± 0.01gh | 2.80 ± 0.36c | 3.19 ± 0.26de | 8.58 ± 0.45b | 7.27 ± 0.03c | 4.93 ± 0.18h |
大针茅草地 S. grandis grassland | 18.32 ± 0.34de | 2.10 ± 0.04defg | 0.37 ± 0.02i | 1.84 ± 0.15c | 4.56 ± 0.29de | 3.36 ± 0.22de | 6.88 ± 0.03d | 5.27 ± 0.18h |
羊草-狼针草草地 L. chinensis - S. baicalensis grassland | 34.50 ± 1.40c | 3.14 ± 0.12d | 0.54 ± 0.01fg | 3.58 ± 0.23c | 42.29 ± 3.10bc | 3.24 ± 0.27de | 6.48 ± 0.07e | 26.76 ± 0.93bcd |
狼针草草地 S. baicalensis grassland | 61.72 ± 1.81b | 5.77 ± 0.16ab | 0.89 ± 0.02b | 47.99 ± 11.17a | 40.09 ± 5.55c | 16.28 ± 1.32a | 6.54 ± 0.02e | 24.63 ± 0.81cde |
表3 不同草地类型土壤理化特征 (平均值±标准差)
Table 3 Soil physicochemical properties of different grassland types (mean ± SD)
草地类型 Grassland type | TC (g·kg-1) | TN (g·kg-1) | TP (g·kg-1) | NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) | NO3--N (mg·kg-1) | AP (mg·kg-1) | pH | 土壤含水率 Soil water content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地 Carex parvula - Elymus nutans grassland | 13.70 ± 1.17def | 1.40 ± 0.10fghi | 0.54 ± 0.03fg | 1.80 ± 0.30c | 1.13 ± 0.36e | 0.95 ± 0.14e | 6.47 ± 0.08e | 13.44 ± 1.67fgh |
高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地 C. parvula - Bistorta macrophylla grassland | 52.92 ± 1.15b | 4.57 ± 0.08c | 0.77 ± 0.02c | 22.51 ± 4.72b | 2.53 ± 0.29de | 4.46 ± 0.07cd | 6.23 ± 0.04ef | 34.86 ± 1.22ab |
蕨麻草地 Argentina anserina grassland | 59.90 ± 0.47b | 2.94 ± 0.04de | 0.67 ± 0.04de | 2.05 ± 0.29c | 42.20 ± 2.75bc | 4.73 ± 0.18cd | 7.93 ± 0.02b | 20.46 ± 0.47def |
高山早熟禾草地 Poa alpina grassland | 59.88 ± 8.07b | 4.94 ± 0.57bc | 0.81 ± 0.04c | 11.15 ± 4.20c | 67.73 ± 36.92b | 8.71 ± 0.58b | 5.97 ± 0.36fg | 31.59 ± 6.07abc |
西藏嵩草草地 C. tibetikobresia grassland | 61.66 ± 15.45b | 5.49 ± 1.40abc | 0.73 ± 0.08cd | 10.54 ± 2.40c | 23.58 ± 3.74cde | 8.49 ± 3.88b | 6.25 ± 0.11ef | 33.70 ± 7.89abc |
垂穗披碱草草地 E. nutans grassland | 76.54 ± 3.34a | 6.56 ± 0.27a | 1.10 ± 0.01a | 9.34 ± 1.03c | 197.20 ± 5.05a | 9.79 ± 0.11b | 5.79 ± 0.02g | 38.18 ± 1.29a |
火绒草草地 Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland | 22.88 ± 0.35cde | 2.04 ± 0.03defgh | 0.56 ± 0.02f | 3.25 ± 0.47c | 6.60 ± 0.76de | 1.98 ± 0.08de | 5.85 ± 0.08g | 16.65 ± 0.70def |
紫花针茅草地 Stipa purpurea grassland | 13.98 ± 0.81def | 0.85 ± 0.06hi | 0.37 ± 0.01i | 1.89 ± 0.29c | 7.71 ± 0.49de | 3.44 ± 0.16de | 7.86 ± 0.10b | 4.78 ± 0.91h |
紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地 S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland | 18.40 ± 0.41de | 1.89 ± 0.07efgh | 0.22 ± 0.01j | 1.69 ± 0.08c | 5.70 ± 0.30de | 1.74 ± 0.11de | 8.58 ± 0.02a | 4.91 ± 0.67h |
沙生薹草草地 C. praeclara grassland | 4.16 ± 0.39f | 0.47 ± 0.02i | 0.26 ± 0.02j | 1.33 ± 0.12c | 1.08 ± 0.17e | 2.83 ± 0.06de | 8.16 ± 0.06b | 11.24 ± 7.10gh |
丝颖针茅草地 S. capillacea grassland | 14.70 ± 0.62def | 1.50 ± 0.05fghi | 0.52 ± 0.01fg | 4.05 ± 0.61c | 5.51 ± 0.45de | 4.07 ± 0.09de | 7.05 ± 0.03cd | 4.96 ± 0.84h |
大花嵩草草地 C. nudicarpa grassland | 9.06 ± 0.28ef | 1.24 ± 0.03ghi | 0.61 ± 0.01ef | 2.13 ± 0.34c | 3.78 ± 0.42de | 7.22 ± 0.15bc | 8.16 ± 0.06b | 4.30 ± 0.28h |
羊草-短花针茅草地 Leymus chinensis - S. breviflora grassland | 18.20 ± 0.30de | 2.17 ± 0.03defg | 0.42 ± 0.01hi | 1.46 ± 0.19c | 32.35 ± 0.99cd | 2.66 ± 0.10de | 7.18 ± 0.02cd | 10.32 ± 0.36gh |
短花针茅-冷蒿草地 S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland | 14.18 ± 0.33def | 1.68 ± 0.03fgh | 0.39 ± 0.01i | 2.24 ± 0.44c | 11.51 ± 0.42de | 2.49 ± 0.12de | 6.80 ± 0.05d | 4.22 ± 0.11h |
羊草-糙隐子草草地 L. chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland | 23.44 ± 1.16cd | 2.54 ± 0.11def | 0.47 ± 0.01gh | 2.80 ± 0.36c | 3.19 ± 0.26de | 8.58 ± 0.45b | 7.27 ± 0.03c | 4.93 ± 0.18h |
大针茅草地 S. grandis grassland | 18.32 ± 0.34de | 2.10 ± 0.04defg | 0.37 ± 0.02i | 1.84 ± 0.15c | 4.56 ± 0.29de | 3.36 ± 0.22de | 6.88 ± 0.03d | 5.27 ± 0.18h |
羊草-狼针草草地 L. chinensis - S. baicalensis grassland | 34.50 ± 1.40c | 3.14 ± 0.12d | 0.54 ± 0.01fg | 3.58 ± 0.23c | 42.29 ± 3.10bc | 3.24 ± 0.27de | 6.48 ± 0.07e | 26.76 ± 0.93bcd |
狼针草草地 S. baicalensis grassland | 61.72 ± 1.81b | 5.77 ± 0.16ab | 0.89 ± 0.02b | 47.99 ± 11.17a | 40.09 ± 5.55c | 16.28 ± 1.32a | 6.54 ± 0.02e | 24.63 ± 0.81cde |
图2 不同草地类型丛枝菌根真菌群落组成和优势可操作分类单元(OTU)、稀有OTU占比。AA, 蕨麻草地; CN, 大花嵩草草地; CP, 沙生薹草草地; CP-BM, 高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地; CP-EN, 高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地; CT, 西藏嵩草草地; EN, 垂穗披碱草草地; LC-CS, 羊草-糙隐子草草地; LC-SB, 羊草-短花针茅草地; LC-SBA, 羊草-狼针草草地; LL, 火绒草草地; PA, 高山早熟禾草地; SB, 狼针草草地; SB-AF, 短花针茅-冷蒿草地; SC, 丝颖针茅草地; SG, 大针茅草地; SP, 紫花针茅草地; SP-CM, 紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地。
Fig. 2 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community composition and relative abundance of dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs), rare OTUs in different grassland types. AA, Argentina anserina grassland; CN, Carex nudicarpa grassland; CP, C. praeclara grassland; CP-BM, C. parvulae - Bistorta macrophylla grassland; CP-EN, C. parvulae - Elymus nutans grassland; CT, C. tibetikobresia grassland; EN, E. nutans grassland; LC-CS, Leymus chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland; LC-SB, L. chinensis - S. breviflora grassland; LC-SBA, L. chinensis - Stipa baicalensis grassland; LL, Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland; PA, Poa alpina grassland; SB, S. baicalensis grassland; SB-AF, S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland; SC, S. capillacea grassland; SG, S. grandis grassland; SP, S. purpurea grassland; SP-CM, S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland.
草地类型 Grassland type | 可操作分类单元 OTUs | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index |
---|---|---|---|---|
高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地 Carex parvula - Elymus nutans grassland | 115.00 ± 9.59cdef | 2.82 ± 0.42bcd | 0.85 ± 0.06abcd | 0.59 ± 0.078def |
高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地 C. parvula - Bistorta macrophylla grassland | 137.80 ± 3.26abc | 3.91 ± 0.03a | 0.96 ± 0.01a | 0.79 ± 0.01abc |
蕨麻草地 Argentina anserina grassland | 148.00 ± 2.28ab | 3.58 ± 0.33ab | 0.92 ± 0.04abc | 0.72 ± 0.07bcde |
高山早熟禾草地 Poa alpina grassland | 137.80 ± 14.98abc | 3.38 ± 0.24abc | 0.91 ± 0.02abc | 0.69 ± 0.05bcde |
西藏嵩草草地 C. tibetikobresia grassland | 147.40 ± 7.35ab | 4.05 ± 0.09a | 0.97 ± 0.01a | 0.81 ± 0.01ab |
垂穗披碱草草地 E. nutans grassland | 126.40 ± 14.80bcd | 2.75 ± 0.27cd | 0.86 ± 0.03abcd | 0.57 ± 0.05def |
火绒草草地 Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland | 112.40 ± 9.09cdef | 2.41 ± 0.19d | 0.84 ± 0.02bcd | 0.51 ± 0.03f |
紫花针茅草地 Stipa purpurea grassland | 161.40 ± 9.84a | 4.08 ± 0.06a | 0.97 ± 0.01a | 0.80 ± 0.01abc |
紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地 S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland | 120.40 ± 3.91bcdef | 2.46 ± 0.12d | 0.83 ± 0.02cd | 0.51 ± 0.03f |
沙生薹草草地 C. praeclara grassland | 59.75 ± 19.40g | 3.02 ± 0.47cd | 0.84 ± 0.09d | 0.77 ± 0.13bcdef |
丝颖针茅草地 S. capillacea grassland | 140.00 ± 8.24abc | 2.73 ± 0.29cd | 0.87 ± 0.03abcd | 0.55 ± 0.06ef |
大花嵩草草地 C. nudicarpa grassland | 57.20 ± 13.63g | 2.97 ± 0.56abc | 0.85 ± 0.09abc | 0.80 ± 0.13a |
羊草-短花针茅草地 Leymus chinensis - S. breviflora grassland | 92.25 ± 8.29f | 2.78 ± 0.23bcd | 0.85 ± 0.03abcd | 0.62 ± 0.05cdef |
短花针茅-冷蒿草地 S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland | 122.75 ± 7.81bcde | 3.99 ± 0.19a | 0.96 ± 0.01a | 0.83 ± 0.03ab |
羊草-糙隐子草草地 L. chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland | 125.25 ± 3.00bcde | 3.84 ± 0.07a | 0.95 ± 0.01ab | 0.80 ± 0.02abc |
大针茅草地 S. grandis grassland | 106.00 ± 6.32def | 3.28 ± 0.14abc | 0.89 ± 0.02abc | 0.70 ± 0.03bcd |
羊草-狼针草草地 L. chinensis - S. baicalensis grassland | 94.25 ± 5.25ef | 3.67 ± 0.11a | 0.95 ± 0.01abc | 0.81 ± 0.01ab |
狼针草草地 S. baicalensis grassland | 114.75 ± 4.93cdef | 3.29 ± 0.17abc | 0.89 ± 0.02abc | 0.69 ± 0.04bcde |
表4 不同草地类型土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落α多样性 (平均值±标准差)
Table 4 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community α-diversity of different grassland types (mean ± SD)
草地类型 Grassland type | 可操作分类单元 OTUs | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index |
---|---|---|---|---|
高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地 Carex parvula - Elymus nutans grassland | 115.00 ± 9.59cdef | 2.82 ± 0.42bcd | 0.85 ± 0.06abcd | 0.59 ± 0.078def |
高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地 C. parvula - Bistorta macrophylla grassland | 137.80 ± 3.26abc | 3.91 ± 0.03a | 0.96 ± 0.01a | 0.79 ± 0.01abc |
蕨麻草地 Argentina anserina grassland | 148.00 ± 2.28ab | 3.58 ± 0.33ab | 0.92 ± 0.04abc | 0.72 ± 0.07bcde |
高山早熟禾草地 Poa alpina grassland | 137.80 ± 14.98abc | 3.38 ± 0.24abc | 0.91 ± 0.02abc | 0.69 ± 0.05bcde |
西藏嵩草草地 C. tibetikobresia grassland | 147.40 ± 7.35ab | 4.05 ± 0.09a | 0.97 ± 0.01a | 0.81 ± 0.01ab |
垂穗披碱草草地 E. nutans grassland | 126.40 ± 14.80bcd | 2.75 ± 0.27cd | 0.86 ± 0.03abcd | 0.57 ± 0.05def |
火绒草草地 Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland | 112.40 ± 9.09cdef | 2.41 ± 0.19d | 0.84 ± 0.02bcd | 0.51 ± 0.03f |
紫花针茅草地 Stipa purpurea grassland | 161.40 ± 9.84a | 4.08 ± 0.06a | 0.97 ± 0.01a | 0.80 ± 0.01abc |
紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地 S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland | 120.40 ± 3.91bcdef | 2.46 ± 0.12d | 0.83 ± 0.02cd | 0.51 ± 0.03f |
沙生薹草草地 C. praeclara grassland | 59.75 ± 19.40g | 3.02 ± 0.47cd | 0.84 ± 0.09d | 0.77 ± 0.13bcdef |
丝颖针茅草地 S. capillacea grassland | 140.00 ± 8.24abc | 2.73 ± 0.29cd | 0.87 ± 0.03abcd | 0.55 ± 0.06ef |
大花嵩草草地 C. nudicarpa grassland | 57.20 ± 13.63g | 2.97 ± 0.56abc | 0.85 ± 0.09abc | 0.80 ± 0.13a |
羊草-短花针茅草地 Leymus chinensis - S. breviflora grassland | 92.25 ± 8.29f | 2.78 ± 0.23bcd | 0.85 ± 0.03abcd | 0.62 ± 0.05cdef |
短花针茅-冷蒿草地 S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland | 122.75 ± 7.81bcde | 3.99 ± 0.19a | 0.96 ± 0.01a | 0.83 ± 0.03ab |
羊草-糙隐子草草地 L. chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland | 125.25 ± 3.00bcde | 3.84 ± 0.07a | 0.95 ± 0.01ab | 0.80 ± 0.02abc |
大针茅草地 S. grandis grassland | 106.00 ± 6.32def | 3.28 ± 0.14abc | 0.89 ± 0.02abc | 0.70 ± 0.03bcd |
羊草-狼针草草地 L. chinensis - S. baicalensis grassland | 94.25 ± 5.25ef | 3.67 ± 0.11a | 0.95 ± 0.01abc | 0.81 ± 0.01ab |
狼针草草地 S. baicalensis grassland | 114.75 ± 4.93cdef | 3.29 ± 0.17abc | 0.89 ± 0.02abc | 0.69 ± 0.04bcde |
图3 不同草地类型土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落β多样性。AA, 蕨麻草地; CN, 大花嵩草草地; CP, 沙生薹草草地; CP-BM, 高山嵩草-圆穗蓼草地; CP-EN, 高山嵩草-垂穗披碱草草地; CT, 西藏嵩草草地; EN, 垂穗披碱草草地; LC-CS, 羊草-糙隐子草草地; LC-SB, 羊草-短花针茅草地; LC-SBA, 羊草-狼针草草地; LL, 火绒草草地; PA, 高山早熟禾草地; SB, 狼针草草地; SB-AF, 短花针茅-冷蒿草地; SC, 丝颖针茅草地; SG, 大针茅草地; SP, 紫花针茅草地; SP-CM, 紫花针茅-青藏薹草草地。Stress, 应力值。
Fig. 3 Arbuscular mycorrhizal community β-diversity of different grassland types. AA, Argentina anserina grassland; CN, Carex nudicarpa grassland; CP, C. praeclara grassland; CP-BM, C. parvulae - Bistorta macrophylla grassland; CP-EN, C. parvulae - Elymus nutans grassland; CT, C. tibetikobresia grassland; EN, E. nutans grassland; LC-CS, Leymus chinensis - Cleistogenes squarrosa grassland; LC-SB, L. chinensis - S. breviflora grassland; LC-SBA, L. chinensis - Stipa baicalensis grassland; LL, Leontopodium leontopodioides grassland; PA, Poa alpina grassland; SB, S. baicalensis grassland; SB-AF, S. breviflora - Artemisia frigida grassland; SC, S. capillacea grassland; SG, S. grandis grassland; SP, S. purpurea grassland; SP-CM, S. purpurea - C. moorcroftii grassland.
图4 不同草地类型土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落特征的驱动因素。黑色实线为显著影响; 灰色虚线为不显著影响; 黑色实线上数字代表路径系数; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。Chi/df, 卡方/自由度; GFI, 适配度指数; RMSEA, 近似均方根误差。
Fig. 4 Final structural equation for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community diversity and composition affected by environmental variables. Black full lines represent significant affect paths; gray dotted lines represent unsignificant affect paths; the number on black full lines represent path coefficient; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. Chi/df, chi-square/degree of freedom; GFI, goodness of fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation.
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