火干扰对兴安落叶松种子萌发的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0212

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林火是北方森林更新的重要驱动因子, 伴随着火烧产生的一系列产物, 在促进或抑制种子萌发方面具有重要作用。而火后种子库中的种子萌发是种子植物主要的更新和恢复途径, 相比于草本植物和灌木, 国内对于乔木的火后更新恢复研究较少。该研究以大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松(落叶松, Larix gmelinii)种子为研究对象, 对热激、火烧灰、光照三种因素进行单因素、双因素及三因素处理, 探究其对兴安落叶松种子萌发率和萌发势的影响。对标准化后的数据进行方差分解, 探究三种因素交互作用下的主要影响因素和驱动因子。研究结果显示: (1) 90 ℃ 5 min干热激的处理下兴安落叶松种子萌发率(61.11%)最高, 较对照提高21.11%, 90 ℃ 5 min及以上的湿热激处理会使种子失活。火烧灰质量与兴安落叶松种子的萌发率呈正相关关系, 1 g火烧灰的加入使兴安落叶松种子萌发率高达71.1%, 较对照提高了30%; 光照与兴安落叶松种子萌发率呈负相关关系, 100%遮光状态下的种子萌发率较对照提高了14.00%, 0遮光则降低了16.67%。在热激、火烧灰和光照的交互处理中, 1 g火烧灰+100%遮光处理的兴安落叶松种子萌发率(57%)最高, 比对照高17%。(2)模型评估显示, 在热激、火烧灰和光照交互作用中, 对兴安落叶松种子萌发率因子贡献度从大到小排序依次为: 火烧灰>干热激>光照>湿热激, 分别解释了方差分解模型33.0%、31.8%、20.3%、14.9%的非生物多功能性变异。灰分是最主要的非生物驱动因子, 在95%置信区间内, 因子重要性排序为: 火烧灰添加(1.00 g) >干热激(60 ℃ 3 min) >遮光度(0) >湿热激(90 ℃ 3 min) >湿热激(60 ℃ 3 min) >遮光度(100%) >火烧灰添加(0.25 g) >干热激(120 ℃ 3 min)。

关键词: 火干扰, 种子萌发, 兴安落叶松, 种子

Abstract:

Aims Forest fire is an important driver of boreal forest regeneration, and commonly generates a series of products, which play an important role in promoting or inhibiting seed germination. While seed germination in soil seed banks following forest fire is the main pathway for renewal and recovery of seed plants, relatively limited research has been conducted in China on post-fire renewal and recovery of trees compared to herbaceous and shrub plants. In this paper, the seeds of Larix gmelinii on the Da Hinggan Mountains area were selected to investigate their germination response to fire disturbance, which could provide theoretical support for the rapid renewal and recovery of L. gmelinii after fire.

Methods The individual and joint effects of heat shock, fire ash, and light on the germination rate and germination potential of L. gmelinii seeds were examined with analysis of variance.

Important findings The germination rate of L. gmelinii seeds was highest under dry thermal stimulation at 90 °C for 5 min (61.11%), 21.11% higher than the control, and the seeds were inactivated under the wet thermal stimulation at 90 °C for 5 min and above. The quality of fire ash was positively correlated with the germination rate of L. gmelinii seeds, and the germination rate of L. gmelinii seeds under the addition of 1 g of fire ash was 71.1%, 30% higher than the control; the quality of light was negatively correlated with the germination rate of L. gmelinii seeds, and the germination rate of the seeds under 100% shading increased by 14.00%, while this rate under 0 shading decreased by 16.67% compared to the control. In terms of the interactions among heat stimulation, fire ash and light, the highest seed germination rate (57%) of L. gmelinii seeds (17% higher than the control) appeared under the 1 g fire ash + 100% shading. The contributions of multiple factors to seed germination followed the order, fire ash > dry heat shock > light > wet heat shock, each explaining 33.0%, 31.8%, 20.3%, and 14.9% of the variance. Ash was the most dominant abiotic driver, and factor importance was as follows: fire ash (1.00 g) > dry heat shock (60 °C 3 min) > light (0 shading) > wet heat shock (90 °C 3 min) > wet heat shock (60 °C 3 min) > light (100% shading) > fire ash (0.25 g) > dry heat shock (120 °C 3 min) at the 95% confidence interval.

Key words: fire disturbance, seed germination, Larix gmelinii, seed

孙龙, 李文博, 娄虎, 于澄, 韩宇, 胡同欣. 火干扰对兴安落叶松种子萌发的影响. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(6): 770-779. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0212

SUN Long, LI Wen-Bo, LOU Hu, YU Cheng, HAN Yu, HU Tong-Xin. Effects of fire disturbance on seed germination of Larix gmelinii. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(6): 770-779. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0212

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0212

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I6/770

图/表 6

表1 测定兴安落叶松种子萌发率实验处理

Table 1 Experimental treatments exposing to seed germination rate of Larix gmelinii

处理 Treatment	处理 Treatment	处理 Treatment
CK: 对照 Control	H₁₁: 105 ℃ 5 min	S₇: 90 ℃ 3 min
H₁: 60 ℃ 3 min	H₁₂: 105 ℃ 10 min	S₈: 90 ℃ 5 min
H₂: 60 ℃ 5 min	H₁₃: 120 ℃ 3 min	S₉: 90 ℃ 10 min
H₃: 60 ℃ 10 min	H₁₄: 120 ℃ 5 min	A₁: 0.25 g
H₄: 75 ℃ 3 min	H₁₅: 120 ℃ 10 min	A₂: 0.50 g
H₅: 75 ℃ 5 min	S₁: 60 ℃ 3 min	A₃: 1.00 g
H₆: 5 ℃ 10 min	S₂: 60 ℃ 5 min	L₁: 0
H₇: 90 ℃ 3 min	S₃: 60 ℃ 10 min	L₂: 25%
H₈: 90 ℃ 5 min	S₄: 75 ℃ 3 min	L₃: 50%
H₉: 90 ℃ 10 min	S₅: 75 ℃ 5 min	L₄: 75%
H₁₀: 105 ℃ 3 min	S₆: 75 ℃ 10 min	L₅: 100%

图1 不同处理下兴安落叶松种子的萌发率(平均值±标准差)。 A, 干热激对兴安落叶松种子萌发的影响。B, 湿热激对兴安落叶松种子萌发的影响。C, 火烧灰对兴安落叶松种子萌发的影响。D, 光照对兴安落叶松种子萌发的影响。各处理具体信息见表1。

Fig. 1 Germination rate of Larix gmelinii seeds under different treatments (mean ± SD). A, Effect of dry heat shock on seed germination of L. gmelinii. B, Effect of wet heat shock on seed germination of L. gmelinii. C, Effect of fire ash on seed germination of L. gmelinii. D, Effect of light on seed germination of L. gmelinii. Information on each treatment is given in Table 1.

表2 兴安落叶松种子萌发率的双因素分析

Table 2 Bi-factorial analysis of seed germination rate of Larix gmelinii

处理 Treatment	变异来源 Source of variation	偏平方和 SS	自由度 df	均方 Mf	F
干热激处理 Dry heat shock	温度 Temperature	0.77	4	0.19	402.31^**
	时间 Time	0.17	2	0.09	179.00^**
	温度×时间 Temperature × time	0.04	8	0.01	10.48^**
湿热激处理 Wet heat shock	温度 Temperature	0.71	2	0.36	788.62^**
	时间 Time	0.16	2	0.08	182.71^**
	温度×时间 Temperature × time	0.06	4	0.02	35.51^**

图2 不同条件处理下兴安落叶松种子的萌发率(平均值±标准差)。 A, 干热激、火烧灰和光照交互作用下兴安落叶松种子的萌发率。B, 湿热激、火烧灰和光照交互作用下兴安落叶松种子的萌发率。***, 与CK差异显著(p < 0.001)。各处理具体见表1。

Fig. 2 Germination rate of Larix gmelinii seeds under different treatments (mean ± SD). A, Germination rate of L. gmelinii seeds under the interaction of dry heat shock, fire ash and light. B, Germination rate of L. gmelinii seeds under the interaction of wet heat shock, fire ash and light. ***, significant difference with CK (p < 0.001). Information on each treatment is given in Table 1.

图3 非生物因子对兴安落叶松种子萌发率的相对影响。点的位置表示相关的95%置信区间每个因素的相对重要性; 柱的高度表示解释方差的百分比。**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。Adj.R2, 校正后R2。各处理具体见表1。

Fig. 3 Relative effects of abiotic factors on seed germination rate of Larix gmelinii. The location of a point indicates relative importance of each factor for the associated 95% confidence interval; the height of a column denotes percentage of variance explained. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Adj.R2, adjusted R2。Information on each treatment is given in Table 1.

图4 不同处理下兴安落叶松种子的萌发势。红色虚线表示种子活力最高的时间点; 阴影部分表示12种处理下种子达到最大萌发势的时间段。各处理具体见表1。

Fig. 4 Germination potential of Larix gmelinii seeds under different treatments. Red dashed lines indicate time point of the highest seed vigor; shaded area indicate time period when seeds reached the maximum germination potential under the 12 treatments. Information on each treatment is given in Table 1.

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