雌雄异株植物髭脉槭不同生长阶段叶片元素计量特征与性二态间的相互关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0151

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

雌雄异株植物由于繁殖成本不同, 其不同性别植株对资源的需求也不同, 这种性别差异通常会使其在生活史过程中出现性二态现象。该研究试图通过研究雌雄异株植物性二态在不同繁殖成本和不同生长阶段的表现规律和特征, 深入了解植物对环境资源需求具有性别差异性的现象。以吉林蛟河天然针阔混交林样地内雌雄异株植物髭脉槭(Acer barbinerve)为研究对象, 以叶片的元素化学计量特征作为衡量髭脉槭不同性别植株叶片元素的性二态量化指标, 探究不同生长阶段和不同繁殖成本变化下雌雄异株植物髭脉槭的性二态现象。在研究样地内选取髭脉槭雌雄个体各60株, 将其分为3组, I组的所有植株不进行任何处理, II组的所有植株在花蕾初期去除整株的所有花蕾, III组的所有植株在开花末期去除整株的所有花朵。在开花期和结果期分别采集不同处理组中髭脉槭的叶片作为样本, 运用双因素方差分析检验不同繁殖成本下雌雄髭脉槭植株叶片元素计量特征的差异显著性。主要结果: 性别对开花期叶片的碳(C)、磷(P)、钾(K)、镁(Mg)、硫(S)含量和结果期叶片的C、氮(N)、P、K、钙(Ca)、Mg、S含量以及叶片C:N、C:P、N:P均有显著影响。开花期, II、III组的雄株叶片C含量及C:N、C:P、N:P显著高于雌株, 雌株叶片P、K、Mg、S含量显著高于雄株; 结果期, I组中雌株叶片C含量及C:N、C:P、N:P显著高于雄株, 雄株叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S含量显著高于雌株。研究结果表明髭脉槭雌雄植株叶片元素化学计量具有性二态现象。繁殖成本和生长阶段的变化均会影响雌雄异株植物性二态现象的发生过程。

关键词: 性二态, 元素化学计量特征, 雌雄异株, 繁殖成本

Abstract:

Aims Dioecious plants typically exhibit varying resource demands due to different reproductive costs. Gender disparities in the nutritional requirements of dioecious plants often result in sexual dimorphism during their life cycle. This study seeks to deepen our understanding of gender-related differences in plant resource needs by examining the performance patterns and characteristics of sexual dimorphism in dioecious plants across different reproductive costs and growth stages. We focus on Acer barbinerve, a dioecious plant native to the natural coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest in Jiaohe, Jilin, and assess the leaf elemental stoichiometric characteristics to measure sexual dimorphism among different sexes of A. barbinerve plants in this region. Our goal is to investigate sexual dimorphism in A. barbinerve across different growth stages and reproductive costs.

Methods Sixty male and female A. barbinerve individuals were selected from the sample plot and divided into three groups. Group I received no treatment, Group II had all buds removed at an early flower bud stage, and Group III had all flowers removed at the end of the flowering period. Leaves were collected at both flowering and fruiting stages, and a two-way ANOVA was conducted to determine the significance of differences in leaf elemental characteristics between male and female A. barbinerve under various reproductive costs.

Important findings Sex had significant effects on the contents of carbon (C), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) in leaves at the flowering stage, as well as the contents of C, nitrogen (N), P, K, calcium (Ca), Mg, and S in leaves at the fruiting stage. During the flowering stage, the leaf C content and C:N, C:P, N:P of male plants in Groups II and III was significantly higher than that of female plants. Additionally, the contents of P, K, Mg, S in female plants were significantly higher than those in male plants. In Group I, the leaf C content and C:N, C:P, N:P of female plants was significantly higher than that of male plants, while the leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S contents of male plants, were significantly higher than those of female plants. These results indicate that the elemental stoichiometry of male and female A. barbinerve leaves exhibits sexual dimorphism. Changes in reproductive cost and growth stage affect the occurrence of sexual dimorphism in dioecious plant.

Key words: sexual dimorphism, elemental stoichiometric characteristics, dioecious plants, reproductive cost

王艺彤, 叶尔江·拜克吐尔汉, 廖丹, 王娟. 雌雄异株植物髭脉槭不同生长阶段叶片元素计量特征与性二态间的相互关系. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(6): 760-769. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0151

WANG Yi-Tong, Yeerjiang BAIKETUERHAN, LIAO Dan, WANG Juan. Correlation between elemental biometric characteristics and sexual dimorphism in leaves of dioecious Acer barbinerve at different growth stages. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(6): 760-769. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0151

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0151

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I6/760

图/表 7

表1 髭脉槭样株的基础调查情况

Table 1 Basic investigation of Acer barbinerve

性别 Sex	处理组 Treatment group	株数 Tree number		胸径 DBH (mm)		基径 BD (mm)
性别 Sex	处理组 Treatment group	开花期 Flowering period	结果期 Fruiting period	开花期 Flowering period	结果期 Fruiting period	开花期 Flowering period	结果期 Fruiting period
雌株 Female	I	24	22	19.80^a	23.01^a	25.39^a	31.73^a
	II	15	13	21.66^a	20.83^a	30.36^a	33.47^a
	III	21	21	23.77^a	24.03^a	30.14^a	36.68^a
雄株 Male	I	13	7	17.09^a	17.31^a	21.46^a	25.52^a
	II	13	13	19.35^a	19.59^a	27.18^a	29.48^a
	III	15	13	20.56^a	21.58^a	26.37^a	31.32^a

图1 髭脉槭植株一、二、三级枝及挂签位置示意图。

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of primary, secondary and tertiary branches and hanging tag position of Acer barbinerve.

表2 髭脉槭样株的繁殖生物量

Table 2 Reproductive biomass of Acer barbinerve

性别 Sex	处理组 Treatment group	花数 Number of flowers	花生物量 Flower biomass (g)	果数 Number of fruit	果生物量 Fruit biomass (g)
雌株 Female	I	10	0.08	3.72	0.29
	II	-	-	-	-
	III	12	0.05	-	-
雄株 Male	I	65	0.21	-	-
	II	-	-	-	-
	III	52	1.55	-	-

表3 髭脉槭叶片元素化学计量影响要素分析

Table 3 Analysis of influencing factors of elemental stoichiometry in Acer barbinerve leaves

元素 Element	因子 Factor	开花期 Flowering period		结果期 Fruiting period
元素 Element	因子 Factor	F	p	F	p
C	G	18.127	0.485e-04^***	9.949	0.221e-02^**
	T	0.229	0.795	0.057	0.945
	G × T	0.345	0.709	0.388	0.680
N	G	0.457	0.501	4.273	0.042^*
	T	1.737	0.182	0.235	0.791
	G × T	0.504	0.606	1.414	0.249
P	G	6.871	0.010^*	13.876	0.346e-03^***
	T	0.307	0.719	0.318	0.729
	G × T	0.928	0.399	1.511	0.226
C:N	G	14.074	0.302e-03^***	9.794	0.238e-02^**
	T	0.068	0.934	0.135	0.874
	G × T	0.648	0.526	0.621	0.540
C:P	G	8.810	0.379e-02^**	14.990	0.209e-03^***
	T	0.186	0.830	0.250	0.779
	G × T	0.911	0.406	1.130	0.328
N:P	G	6.533	0.012^*	15.839	0.143e-03^***
	T	0.249	0.780	0.365	0.696
	G × T	0.904	0.408	1.333	0.269
K	G	11.152	0.001^**	8.973	0.357e-02^**
	T	0.038	0.963	0.003	0.997
	G × T	1.406	0.250	0.172	0.842
Ca	G	3.537	0.063	4.730	0.324e-01^*
	T	0.101	0.904	0.359	0.700
	G × T	0.580	0.562	1.580	0.212
Mg	G	17.322	0.693e-04^***	10.250	0.191e-02^**
	T	0.021	0.979	0.089	0.915
	G × T	0.532	0.589	0.462	0.631
S	G	17.042	7.850e-05^***	9.756	2.430e-03^**
	T	0.030	0.970	0.110	0.890
	G × T	0.477	0.622	0.554	0.577

图2 不同处理方式下髭脉槭叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素化学计量。 I, 所有植株不进行任何处理; II, 所有植株在花蕾初期去除整株的所有花蕾; III, 所有植株在开花末期去除整株的所有花朵。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) elements in Acer barbinerve leaves under different treatments. I, all plants were not subjected to any treatment; II, all plants remove all buds from the whole plant at the early stage of the bud; III, all plants had all flower buds removed from the entire plant at the early flower bud stage. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图3 不同处理方式下髭脉槭叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素化学计量比。 I, 所有植株不进行任何处理; II, 所有植株在花蕾初期去除整株的所有花蕾; III, 所有植株在开花末期去除整株的所有花朵。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 3 Stoichiometric ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in Acer barbinerve leaves under different treatments. I, all plants were not subjected to any treatment; II, all plants remove all buds from the whole plant at the early stage of the bud; III, all plants had all flower buds removed from the entire plant at the early flower bud stage. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图4 不同处理方式下髭脉槭叶片钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、硫(S)元素化学计量特征。 I, 所有植株不进行任何处理; II, 所有植株在花蕾初期去除整株的所有花蕾; III, 所有植株在开花末期去除整株的所有花朵。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 4 Stoichiometric characteristics of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) elements in Acer barbinerve leaves under different treatments. I, all plants were not subjected to any treatment; II, all plants remove all buds from the whole plant at the early stage of the bud; III, all plants had all flower buds removed from the entire plant at the early flower bud stage. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

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