喀什霸王的结实和种子萌发特性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0293

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 437-446.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0293

喀什霸王的结实和种子萌发特性

艾沙江•阿不都沙拉木^1,²,迪丽娜尔•阿布拉¹,张凯¹,买热也木古•吐尔逊¹,卡迪尔•阿布都热西提^1,^2,^*(),李玲^1,^2,^*()

^1. 喀什大学生命与地理科学学院, 新疆喀什 844006
^2. 喀什大学新疆维吾尔自治区叶尔羌绿洲生态与生物资源自治区高校重点实验室, 新疆喀什 844006

收稿日期:2018-11-17 接受日期:2019-04-17 出版日期:2019-05-20 发布日期:2019-10-18
通讯作者: 卡迪尔?阿布都热西提,李玲
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31860121);国家自然科学基金(31400279);新疆维吾尔自治区高层次人才培养计划项目(QN2016BS0597);新疆维吾尔自治区高校计划重点项目(XJEDU2016I042)

Fruit set and seed germination traits of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum

Aysajan ABDUSALAM^1,²,Dilinaer ABULA¹,ZHANG Kai¹,Maireyemugu TUERXUN¹,Kadir ABDULRASHID^1,^2,^*(),LI Ling^1,^2,^*()

^1. College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, Xinjiang 844006, China;
^2. The Key Laboratory of Ecology and Biological Resources in Yarkand oasis at Colleges & Universities Under the Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi University, Kashi, Xinjiang 844006, China;

Received:2018-11-17 Accepted:2019-04-17 Online:2019-05-20 Published:2019-10-18
Contact: Kadir ABDULRASHID,LI Ling
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860121);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400279);The High-level Personnel Training Program of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(QN2016BS0597);The Key Scientific Research Program of the Higher Education Institution of XinJiang(XJEDU2016I042)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

喀什霸王(Zygophyllum kaschgaricum)是生长于中国新疆南部荒漠环境的稀有种及二级保护植物。当前, 该物种在自然种群中呈分散式及片段化分布, 且种群密度低, 种群老龄化较严重。因此, 为了了解该物种种子萌发特性及其对荒漠环境的响应, 该文采用室内控制实验方法, 对该物种的自然坐果率、结籽率、种子吸水特性、种子休眠和萌发特性及对干旱胁迫的响应进行了比较研究。结果表明: 喀什霸王在自然种群中的坐果率及结籽率较低, 且种子的败育率较高。不同干藏时间种子的吸水速率间存在显著差异; 随着干藏时间的延长, 种子的吸水率逐步增强。刚成熟的种子在不同温度及光周期下均可萌发; 其中高温(10/20 ℃, 20/30 ℃)及黑暗条件下的萌发率比低温(10/5 ℃, 5/2 ℃)及光照条件下的萌发率高。不同干藏时间的种子在不同浓度赤霉素(GA₃)下的萌发率均较高; 但低温储藏时间对该物种种子的打破休眠及萌发率没有促进作用。以上结果说明该物种存在非深度生理休眠; 而干藏时间、高温且黑暗及高浓度(50 mmoloL ^-1) GA₃是打破休眠及促进种子萌发的最合适条件。高温条件下的干旱胁迫对喀什霸王种子萌发具有抑制作用; 春季和秋季降水量决定种子的萌发率。总之, 喀什霸王种子在物候上表现出的春秋季萌动及非深度生理休眠以提高幼苗存活力及保障种群稳定性, 是一种对新疆南部干旱及高温胁迫荒漠环境的适应策略。

关键词: 种子萌发, 干藏时间, 吸水特性, 非深度生理休眠, 暖温带荒漠环境

Abstract: Aims Zygophyllum kaschgaricum is a rare and secondary protection plant, which grows in the desert environment in southern Xinjiang, China. At present, this species not only distributes decentralized and fragmentally, but also is low population density and severe ageing of populations in the natural populations. To better understand how this species is adapted to its desert habitat, we studied seed set and its germination characteristics and addressed the following questions. 1) What are the seed set characteristics and water absorption of seeds in different dry storage duration in natural population? 2) What are the seed dormancy and drought stress responses of this species in desert environment? Methods For the seed set and seed germination characters, we compared the natural seed set of each fruit and water absorption characteristics of each seed in the different dry storage duration, seed dormancy and germination and their responses to drought stress, and the adaptive strategies of this species in southern Xinjiang (Taklimakan desert) natural populations were analyzed. Important findings The natural fruit and seed set rate of this species is low and seed abortion rate is high in natural populations. There is significant difference in the water absorption capacity of seeds subjected to different durations of dry storage time (p < 0.001), and water absorption capacity of seeds increases with the extension of dry storage time. The seed germination rate increased with the extension of dry storage time under different temperature conditions. The newly matured seeds germinate under different temperature conditions and light cycle (dark 12 h and light 12 h); The germination rate at high temperature (10/20 ℃, 20/30 ℃) and dark conditions is higher than that at low temperature (10/5 ℃, 5/2 ℃) and light conditions. Seed germination rate at different light and temperature conditions under different GA₃ concentration was high, but storage period at low temperature does not promote breaking of dormancy and germination in Z. kaschgaricum seeds. The results suggest that the species has shallow physiological dormancy. Storage at dry environment, high temperature and dark mode conditions, and high concentration (50 mmoloL ^-1) of GA₃were the most suitable factors to break dormancy and thus promote seed germination of Z. kaschgaricum. Drought stress under the high temperature inhibited seed germination. The rainfall during spring and autumn is the most important factor to control the seed germination rate. However, shallow physiological dormancy and seed germination at spring and autumn characteristics can improve for the seedling viability and population expansion of this Z. kaschgaricum in the desert, which may be an adaptive strategy to drought and high temperature stress of desert environment in Taklimakan (southern Xinjiang), China.

Key words: Key words seed germination;, dry storage duration;, water absorption characteristics;, shallow physiological dormancy;, warm temperate desert environment;

艾沙江•阿不都沙拉木, 迪丽娜尔•阿布拉, 张凯, 买热也木古•吐尔逊, 卡迪尔•阿布都热西提, 李玲. 喀什霸王的结实和种子萌发特性. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(5): 437-446. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0293

Aysajan ABDUSALAM, Dilinaer ABULA, ZHANG Kai, Maireyemugu TUERXUN, Kadir ABDULRASHID, LI Ling. Fruit set and seed germination traits of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(5): 437-446. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0293

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0293

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I5/437

图/表 8

图1 喀什霸王自然种群的每月累计降水量和月平均气温(2015-2017年)(平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 1 Monthly precipitation and monthly mean air temperatures in natural population of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum in (2015-2017)(mean ± SE).

图2 不同干藏时间喀什霸王种子的吸水曲线(平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 2 Water uptake curves of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum seeds for different duration of dry storage at room temperatures (mean ± SE).

图3 室内干藏不同时间段(0、3、6及9个月)的喀什霸王种子在不同温度光照(A)及全黑暗(B)条件下的萌发率(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示同一温度不同干藏时间间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of dry storage period (0、3、6 and 9 months) at room temperature on the germination rate of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum seeds in different temperature under light (A) and darkness (B) (mean ± SE). Bars with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different dry storage periods within a temperature range treatment (p < 0.05).

表1 光照条件、温度和干藏时间及三者之间交互作用对喀什霸王种子萌发率的影响

Table 1 Three-way ANoVA of effects of light condition, temperature and different dry storage period and their interactions on seed germination percentages of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum

处理 Treatment	自由度 Degree of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Mean square	F	p
温度 Temperature (A)	3	31 596.125	10 532.042	1 040.202	<0.001
光照 Light (B)	1	1 584.375	1 584.375	156.481	<0.001
干藏时间 Storage time (C)	3	17 573.458	857.819	578.550	<0.001
A × B	3	339.125	113.042	11.165	<0.001
A × C	9	1 966.375	218.486	21.578	<0.001
B × C	3	52.458	17.486	1.727	0.307
A × B × C	9	902.042	100.227	9.898	<0.001
合计 Total	96	329 652

图4 不同低温储藏时间(0, 3及6个月)处理的喀什霸王种子在不同温度光照(A)及全黑暗(B)条件下的萌发率(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示同一温度不同低温储藏时间间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of storage periods (0, 3 and 6 months) at low temperature on the germination rate of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum seeds in different temperature under light (A) and darkness (B) (mean ± SE). Bars with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different storage periods within a temperature range treatment (p < 0.05).

图5 喀什霸王刚成熟(A, B)及干藏6个月(C, D)处理的种子在不同GA3浓度及不同温度光照(A, C)及全黑暗(B, D)条件下的萌发率(平均值±标准误差)。不同小字母表示同一温度不同GA3浓度间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Germination rate of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum seeds from post-harvest (A, B) and dry storage for 6 months (C, D) in different GA3 concentrations and temperature under light (A, C) and darkness (B, D) (mean ± SE). Bars with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between GA3 concentrations within a temperature range treatment (p < 0.05).

表2 GA3浓度、光照条件、温度和干藏时间及四者之间交互作用对喀什霸王种子萌发的影响

Table 2 Four-way ANoVA of effects of light condition, temperature, GA3 concentration and different dry storage period and their interactions on seed germination rate of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum

处理Treatment	自由度 Degree of freedom	平方和 Sum of Squares	均方 Mean Square	F	p
干藏时间 Storage time (A)	1	6 007.688	6 007.688	283.06	<0.001
温度 Temperature (B)	3	37 412.38	12 470.79	587.58	<0.001
光照Light (C)	1	2 338.02	2 338.02	110.16	<0.001
赤霉素 GA₃ (D)	3	38 984.708	12 994.903	612.275	<0.001
A × B	3	987.85	329.29	15.52	<0.001
A × C	1	70.08	70.08	3.30	<0.072
A × D	3	2 607.85	869.29	40.96	<0.001
B × C	3	312.60	104.20	4.91	<0.001
B × D	9	5 908.83	656.54	30.93	<0.001
C × D	3	109.19	36.40	1.72	0.167
A × B × C	3	174.29	58.09	2.74	<0.05
A × B × D	9	1 051.60	116.85	5.51	<0.001
A × C × D	3	21.38	7.13	0.34	0.800
B × C × D	9	130.85	14.54	0.69	0.721
A × B × C × D	9	257.92	28.66	1.35	0.218
合计 Total	192	1 047 186

图6 喀什霸王刚成熟(A, B)及室内干藏6月(C, D)处理的种子在不同浓度PEG溶液及不同温度光照(A, C)及全黑暗(B, D)条件下的萌发率(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示同一温度不同PEG浓度间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Germination rate of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum seeds from post-harvest (A, B) and dry storage for 6 months (C, D) in different PEG concentrations and temperature under light (A, C) and darkness (B, D) (mean ± SE). Bars with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between PEG concentrations within a temperature range treatment (p < 0.05).

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喀什霸王的结实和种子萌发特性

Fruit set and seed germination traits of Zygophyllum kaschgaricum

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