光对种子萌发的影响机理研究进展

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00899

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种子萌发是植物成功实现天然更新的关键环节, 需要适宜的温度、水分或光照条件。对于需光性种子, 光照是决定其萌发与否或萌发率高低的主要因素。光对植物种子萌发的影响不仅是一个复杂的生理过程, 也是受到调控的信号传递和基因表达过程。该文系统总结了影响种子萌发的光照属性、光与水/热耦合作用和种子的光属性(光敏色素)与种子萌发的关系, 明确了光调控种子萌发的生态意义; 重点综述了种子内光敏色素调控种子萌发的生理反应模式和光敏色素的光信号转导途径。试图为全面评估光对种子萌发的影响和将来开展更深入的研究提供参考。

关键词: 激素, 光, 光敏色素, 种子萌发, 种子大小, 信号转导

Abstract:

Seed germination is a key process in the natural regeneration of plant populations and is mainly controlled by favorable temperature, water or light conditions. Light plays a critical role in determining the ability and rate of germination of photoblastic seeds. Furthermore, the regulation of seed germination by light involves not only complicated physiological processes but also rigorous signal transductions and gene expression pathways. We summarized available data on the relationships between seed germination and other factors (i.e., light attributes, coupling of light and water/heat and phytochromes in seeds). To assess the effects of light on seed germination, we also comprehensively summarized the physiological reaction and light signal transduction mechanisms regulated by phytochromes in seed germination.

Key words: hormone, light, phytochrome, seed germination, seed size, signal transduction

张敏, 朱教君, 闫巧玲. 光对种子萌发的影响机理研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(8): 899-908. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00899

ZHANG Min, ZHU Jiao-Jun, YAN Qiao-Ling. Review on influence mechanisms of light in seed germination. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(8): 899-908. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00899

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00899

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I8/899

参考文献 74

[1]	Arana MV, de Miguel LC, Sánchez RA (2006). A phytochrome-dependent embryonic factor modulates gibb- erellin responses in the embryo and micropylar endosperm of Datura ferox seeds. Planta, 223, 847-857.
[2]	Aukerman MJ, Hirschfeld M, Wester L, Weaver M, Clack T, Amasino RM, Sharrock RA (1997). A deletion in the PHYD gene of the Arabidopsis wassilewskija ecotype defines a role for phytochrome D in red/far-red light sensing. The Plant Cell, 9, 1317-1326.
[3]	Barrero JM, Jacobsen JV, Talbot MJ, White RG, Swain SM, Garvin DF, Gulbler F (2012). Grain dormancy and light quality effects on germination in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. New Phytologist, 193, 376-386.
[4]	Benvenuti S, Macchia M (1997). Light environment, phytochrome and germination of Datura stramonium L. seeds. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 38, 61-71.
[5]	Bewley JD, Black M (1982). Physiology and biochemistry of seeds. In: Relation to Germination: Volume 2. Viability, Dormancy and Environmental Control. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
[6]	Borthwick H, Hendricks S, Parker M, Toole E, Toole VK (1952). A reversible photoreaction controlling seed germination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 38, 662-666.
[7]	Briggs WR (1998). Discovery of phytochrome. In: Kung SD, Yang SF eds. Discoveries in Plant Biology II. World Scientific, Singapore. 115-135.
[8]	Carpita NC, Nabors MW, Ross CW, Petretic NL (1979). The growth physics and water relations of red-light-induced germination in lettuce seeds. Planta, 144, 225-233.
[9]	Casal JJ, Sánchez RA, Botto JF (1998). Modes of action of phytochromes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 49, 127-138.
[10]	Casal JJ, Sánchez RA (1998). Phytochromes and seed germination. Seed Science Research, 8, 317-329. DOI URL
[11]	Chen H, Zhang JY, Neff MM, Hong SW, Zhang HY, Deng XW, Xiong LM (2008). Integration of light and abscisic acid signaling during seed germination and early seedling development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 4495-4500.
[12]	Chory J, Li J (1997). Gibberellins, brassinosteroids and light- regulated development. Plant, Cell & Environment, 20, 801-806.
[13]	Dechaine JM, Gardner G, Weinig C (2009). Phytochromes differentially regulate seed germination responses to light quality and temperature cues during seed maturation. Plant, Cell & Environment, 32, 1297-1309.
[14]	Dedonder A, Rethy R, Fredericq H, de Greef JA (1992). Phytochrome-mediated changes in the ATP content of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana seeds. Plant, Cell & Environ- ment, 15, 479-484.
[15]	Finch-Savage WE, Leubner-Metzger G (2006). Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytologist, 171, 501-523. DOI URL
[16]	Finlayson SA, Lee IJ, Mullet JE, Morgan PW (1999). The mechanism of rhythmic ethylene production in Sorghum. The role of phytochrome B and simulated shading. Plant Physiology, 119, 1083-1090. DOI URL
[17]	Fitzpatrick AE, Lincoln CN, van Wilderen LJGW, van Thor JJ (2012). Pump-dump-probe and pump-repump-probe ultrafast spectroscopy resolves cross section of an early ground state intermediate and stimulated emission in the photoreactions of the Pr ground state of the cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 116, 1077-1088. URL PMID
[18]	Fosket EB, Briggs WR (1970). Photosensitive seed germination in Catalpa speciosa. Botanical Gazette, 131, 167-172.
[19]	Franklin KA, Quail PH (2010). Phytochrome functions in Arabidopsis development. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61, 11-24.
[20]	Freitas NP, Takaki M (2000). Pelletization of seeds of Raphanus sativus L. cv. Redondo Gigante with graphite for germination under water stress conditions. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 43, 547-550.
[21]	Furuya M (1993). Phytochromes: their molecular species, gene families, and functions. Annual Review of Plant Physi- ology and Plant Molecular Biology, 44, 617-645.
[22]	Furuya M, Schäfer E (1996). Photoperception and signalling of induction reactions by different phytochromes. Trends in Plant Science, 1, 301-307.
[23]	Furuya M, Song P (1994). Assembly and properties of holophytochrome. In: Kendrick RE, Kronenberg GHM eds. Photomorphogenesis in Plants II. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 105-134.
[24]	Gallagher RS, Cardina J (1998). Phytochrome-mediated Amaranthus germination I: effect of seed burial and germination temperature. Weed Science, 46, 48-52.
[25]	Grubb PJ (1996). Rainforest dynamics: the need for new paradigms. In: Edwards WD, Booth WE, Choy SC eds. Tropical Rainforest Research―Current Issues. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 215-232.
[26]	Grubišić D, Konjević R (1990). Light and nitrate interaction in phytochrome-controlled germination of Paulownia tomentosa seeds. Planta, 181, 239-243.
[27]	Halliday KJ, Fankhauser C (2003). Phytochrome-hormonal signalling networks. New Phytologist, 157, 449-463.
[28]	Hartmann KM, Grundy AC, Market R (2005). Phytochrome- mediated long-term memory of seeds. Protoplasma, 227, 47-52.
[29]	Heschel MS, Butler CM, Barua D, Chiang GCK, Wheeler A, Sharrock RA, Whitelam GC, Donohue K (2008). New roles of phytochromes during seed germination. Interna- tional Journal of Plant Sciences, 169, 531-540.
[30]	Hilton JR (1982). An unusual effect of the far-red absorbing form of phytochrome: photoinhibition of seed germination in Bromus sterilis L. Planta, 155, 524-528. DOI URL
[31]	Kendrick RE, Kronenberg G (1994). Photomorphogenesis in Plants 2nd edn. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
[32]	Kircher S, Gil P, Kozma-Bognár L, Fejes E, Speth V, Husselstein-Muller T, Bauer D, Ádám É, Schäfer E, Nagy F (2002). Nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of the plant photoreceptors phytochrome A, B, C, D, and E is regulated differentially by light and exhibits a diurnal rhythm. The Plant Cell, 14, 1541-1555.
[33]	Kyereh B, Swaine MD, Thompson J (1999). Effect of light on the germination of forest trees in Ghana. Journal of Ecology, 87, 772-783.
[34]	Lapko VN, Jiang XY, Smith DL, Song PS (1997). Posttra- nslational modification of oat phytochrome A: phospho- rylation of a specific serine in a multiple serine cluster. Biochemistry, 36, 10595-10599.
[35]	Leivar P, Monte E, Al-Sady B, Carle C, Storer A, Alonso JM, Ecker JR, Quail PH (2008). The Arabidopsis phytochrome-interacting factor Pif7, together with Pif3 and Pif4, regulates responses to prolonged red light by modulating phyb levels. The Plant Cell, 20, 337-352.
[36]	Lindig-Cisneros R, Zedler J (2001). Effect of light on seed germination in Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass). Plant Ecology, 155, 75-78.
[37]	Liu XT (刘晓瑭) (2011). Light conversion agent-light fertilizer of plant. http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=293156&do=blog&id=439598&page=1. Cited 15 Sept. 2011.(in Chinese)
[38]	Mandák B, Pyšek P (2001). The effects of light quality, nitrate concentration and presence of bracteoles on germination of different fruit types in the heterocarpous Atriplex sagittata. Journal of Ecology, 89, 149-158.
[39]	Mathews S, Sharrock RA (1997). Phytochrome gene diversity. Plant, Cell & Environment, 20, 666-671.
[40]	McElroya JS, Walkerb RH, Wehtjec GR, van Santen E (2004). Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) populations exhibit variation in germination response to temperature, photoperiod, and fenarimol. Weed Science, 52, 47-52. DOI URL
[41]	Mella R, Maldonado S, Sánchez RA (1995). Phytochrome- induced structural changes and protein degradation prior to radicle protrusion in Datura ferox seeds. Canadian Journal of Botany, 73, 1371-1378.
[42]	Metcalfe DJ, Grubb PJ (1995). Seed mass and light requirements for regeneration in Southeast Asian rain forest. Canadian Journal of Botany, 73, 817-826.
[43]	Miguel LD, Sánchez RA (1992). Phytochrome-induced germination, endosperm softening and embryo growth potential in Datura ferox seeds: sensitivity to low water potential and time to escape to FR reversal. Journal of Experimental Botany, 43, 969-994.
[44]	Milberg P, Andersson L, Noronha A (1996). Seed germination after short-duration light exposure: implications for the photo-control of weeds. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, 1469-1478. DOI URL
[45]	Milberg P, Andersson L, Thompson K (2000). Large-seeded spices are less dependent on light for germination than small-seeded ones. Seed Science Research, 10, 99-104.
[46]	Mollard FPO, Insausti P (2009). Soil moisture conditions affect the sensitivity of Bromus catharticus dormant seeds to light and the emergence pattern of seedlings. Seed Science Research, 19, 81-89.
[47]	Nagy F, Schäfer E (2002). Phytochromes control photo- morphogenesis by differentially regulated, interacting signaling pathways in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 53, 329-355.
[48]	Nomaguchi M, Nonogaki H, Morohashi Y (1995). Develop- ment of galactomannan-hydrolyzing activity in the micr- opylar endosperm tip of tomato seed prior to germination. Physiologia Plantarum, 94, 105-109.
[49]	Ohadi S, Mashhadi HR, Tavakkol-Afshari R, Mesgaran MB (2009). Modelling the effect of light intensity and duration of exposure on seed germination of Phalaris minor and Poa annua. Weed Research, 50, 209-217. DOI URL
[50]	Peters JL, Schreuder MEL, Heeringa GH, Wesselius JC, Kendrick RE, Koornneef M (1992). Analysis of the response of photomorphogenetic tomato mutants to end-of-day far-red light. In: Bladquière T, Bakker JA eds. First European Workshop on Thermogenesis and Photom- orphogenesis in the Cultivation of Ornamentals. ISHS, Wageningen (Netherlands). Acta Horticulturae, 305, 67-77.
[51]	Pons TL (2000). Seed responses to light. In: Fenner M ed. Seeds: the Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities II. CAB International, Wallingford. 237-260.
[52]	Poppe C, Schäfer E (1997). Seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana phyA/phyB double mutants is under phytochrome control. Plant Physiology, 114, 1487-1492. DOI URL
[53]	Pratt LH (1995). Phytochromes: differential properties, expression patterns and molecular evolution. Photoch- emistry and Photobiology, 61, 10-21.
[54]	Roth-Bejerano N, van der Meulen RM, Wang M (1996). Inhibition of barley grain germination by light. Seed Science Research, 6, 137-141.
[55]	Sage LC (1992). Pigment of the Imagination: a History of Phytochrome Research. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. 562.
[56]	Schäfer E, Bowler C (2002). Phytochrome-mediated photo- perception and signal transduction in higher plants. EMBO Reports, 3, 1042-1048.
[57]	Schopfer P, Plachy C (1993). Photoinhibition of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed germination: control of growth potential by cell-wall yielding in the embryo. Plant, Cell & Environment, 16, 223-229.
[58]	Sawada Y, Aoki M, Nakaminami K, Mitsuhashi W, Tatematsu K, Kushiro T, Koshiba T, Kamiya Y, Inoue Y, Nambara E, Toyomasu T (2008). Phytochrome- and gibberellin- mediated regulation of abscisic acid metabolism during germination of photoblastic lettuce seeds. Plant Physiology, 146, 1386-1396.
[59]	Seyedi M, Selstam E, Timko MP, Sundqvist C (2001). The cytokinin 2-isopentenyladenine causes partial reversion to skotomorphogenesis and induces formation of prolamellar bodies and protochlorophyllide₆₅₇ in the lip1 mutant of pea. Physiologia Plantarum, 112, 261-272. DOI URL
[60]	Seiwa K, Ando M, Imaji A, Tomita M, Kanou K (2009). Spatio-temporal variation of environmental signals inducing seed germination in temperate conifer plantations and natural hardwood forests in Northern Japan. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 361-369.
[61]	Sharrock RA, Clack T (2004). Heterodimerization of type II phytochromes in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 11500-11505.
[62]	Shinomura T (1997). Phytochrome regulation of seed germination. Journal of Plant Research, 110, 151-161. DOI URL
[63]	Shinomura T, Nagatani A, Hanzawa H, Kubota M, Watanabe M, Furuya M (1996). Action spectra for phytochrome A- and B-specific photoinduction of seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 8129-8133.
[64]	Smith H, Whitelam G, McCormac A (1991). Do members of the phytochrome family have different roles? Physiolo- gical evidence from wild-type, mutant and transgenic plants. In: Thomas B, Johnson CB eds. Phytochrome Properties and Biological Action. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. 217-236.
[65]	Tong Z, Kasemir H, Mohr H (1983). Coaction of light and cytokinin in photomorphogenesis. Planta, 159, 136-142.
[66]	Tong Z, Wang T, Xu Y (1990). Evidence for involvement of phytochrome regulation in male sterility of a mutant of Oryza sativa L. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 52, 161-164.
[67]	Toyomasu T, Kawaide H, Mitsuhashi W, Inoue Y, Kamiya Y (1998). Phytochrome regulates gibberellin biosynthesis during germination of photoblastic lettuce seeds. Plant Physiology, 118, 1517-1523.
[68]	Toyomasu T, Tsuji H, Yamane H, Nakayama M, Yamaguchi I, Murofushi N, Takahashi N, Inoue Y (1993). Light effects on endogenous levels of gibberellins in photoblastic lettuce seeds. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 12, 85-90.
[69]	Vázquez-Yañez C, Orozco-Segovia A (1994). Signals for seeds to sense and respond to gaps. In: Caldwell MM, Pearcy RW eds. Exploiting of Environmental Heterogeneity by Plants: Ecophysiological Processes Above and Below Ground. Academic Press, New York. 261-318.
[70]	Wang YF (王永飞), Wang M (王鸣), Wang DY (王得元), Yan YH (闫友晖) (1995). Development of seed dormancy mechanisms. Seed (种子), 14(6), 33-35. (in Chinese)
[71]	Yamaguchi S, Smith MW, Brown RGS, Kamiya Y, Sun TP (1998). Phytochrome regulation and differential expres- sion of gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase genes in germinating Arabidopsis seeds. The Plant Cell, 10, 2115-2126.
[72]	Yang QH (杨期和), Song SQ (宋松泉), Ye WH (叶万辉), Yin SH (殷寿华) (2003). Mechanism of seed photosensitivity and factors influencing seed photosensitivity. Chinese Bulletin of Botany (植物学通报), 20, 238-247. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[73]	Yang YY, Nagatani A, Zhao YJ, Kang BJ, Kendrick RE, Kamiya Y (1995). Effects of gibberellins on seed germina- tion of phytochrome-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Cell Physiology, 36, 1205-1211.
[74]	Zhao DL (赵笃乐) (1995). The effect of light on seed dormancy and germination Ι. Bulletin of Biology (生物学通报), 30, 24-25. (in Chinese)