种子萌发的积温效应——以青藏高原东缘的12种 菊科植物为例

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00751

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

温度是影响种子萌发的重要的环境因素之一。该文以青藏高原东缘的12种菊科植物为研究对象, 结合Logistic函数和积温公式, 通过非线性回归方法估算种子萌发的最低温度和积温, 研究了种子萌发对不同温度的响应。研究结果表明: (1)青藏高原东缘的12种菊科植物种子萌发的最低温度的平均值为0 ℃, 积温的平均值为94.5 ℃·d。与前人的研究相比, 该研究中萌发的最低温度较低, 积温较高, 这是该区域菊科植物长期适应青藏高原特殊的温度环境的结果; (2)种子萌发的最低温度与积温之间存在着显著的负相关关系(p = 0.04)。萌发最低温度较低的物种积温较高, 避免了种子在多变的温度环境下较早萌发所遇到的风险; (3)种子大小与积温之间存在着显著的正相关关系(p = 0.01)。在萌发最低温度差别不大的情况下, 与大种子相比, 小种子萌发所需的积温较低, 萌发较快, 在群落演替的早期占有优势。

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关键词: 积温, 最低温度, 菊科, 种子大小, 种子萌发, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aim Temperature is an important environmental factor influencing seed germination. Our objective was to research the seed germination response of 12 Compositae species from the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China to different temperatures using the accumulated temperature model.
Methods All 12 species belong to four genera of Compositae. Seeds of each species were germinated at five constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 °C), and germination was recorded once per day. We combined the logistic function and the accumulated temperature equation and used non-linear regression to estimate the base temperature and accumulated temperature for seed germination of each species.
Important findings The average base temperature and accumulated temperature of the 12 species were 0 °C and 94.5 °C·d, respectively. The base temperature was lower and the accumulated temperature was higher than reported by previous researchers. These are the result of long-term adaptation to the temperature environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There was a significant negative correlation between base temperature and accumulated temperature (p = 0.04). Therefore, species with lower base temperature would avoid the risk of seeds germinating earlier in an environment with changeable temperature. A significant positive correlation existed between seed mass and accumulated temperature (p = 0.01). Under relatively constant base temperature, small-seeded species germinated faster than large-seeded ones, giving them priority of germination in early succession.

Key words: accumulated temperature, base temperature, Compositae, seed germination, seed mass, Qinghai- Tibet Plateau

刘文, 刘坤, 张春辉, 杜国祯. 种子萌发的积温效应——以青藏高原东缘的12种菊科植物为例. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(7): 751-758. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00751

LIU Wen, LIU Kun, ZHANG Chun-Hui, DU Guo-Zhen. Effect of accumulated temperature on seed germination—a case study of 12 Compositae species on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(7): 751-758. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00751

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图/表 5

参考文献 33

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物种名 Name of species	千粒重±标准误差 Thousand-grain weight ± SE (g)
长毛风毛菊 Saussurea hieracioides	1.614 9 ± 0.092 0
大耳叶风毛菊 Saussurea macrota	1.766 3 ± 0.052 4
甘肃风毛菊 Saussurea kansuensis	2.546 6 ± 0.093 5
火绒草 Leontopodium leontopodioides	0.109 1 ± 0.011 3
戟叶火绒草 Leontopodium dedekensii	0.077 4 ± 0.002 0
银叶火绒草 Leontopodium souliei	0.077 2 ± 0.002 2
异羽千里光 Senecio diversipinnus	0.515 8 ± 0.026 3
额河千里光 Senecio argunensis	0.776 7 ± 0.011 4
密齿千里光 Senecio densiserratus	0.556 7 ± 0.009 9
淡黄香青 Anaphalis flavescens	0.071 0 ± 0.000 6
黄腺香青 Anaphalis aureo-punctata	0.077 6 ± 0.001 0
尼泊尔香青 Anaphalis nepalensis	0.255 0 ± 0.001 7

物种名 Name of species	千粒重±标准误差 Thousand-grain weight ± SE (g)
长毛风毛菊 Saussurea hieracioides	1.614 9 ± 0.092 0
大耳叶风毛菊 Saussurea macrota	1.766 3 ± 0.052 4
甘肃风毛菊 Saussurea kansuensis	2.546 6 ± 0.093 5
火绒草 Leontopodium leontopodioides	0.109 1 ± 0.011 3
戟叶火绒草 Leontopodium dedekensii	0.077 4 ± 0.002 0
银叶火绒草 Leontopodium souliei	0.077 2 ± 0.002 2
异羽千里光 Senecio diversipinnus	0.515 8 ± 0.026 3
额河千里光 Senecio argunensis	0.776 7 ± 0.011 4
密齿千里光 Senecio densiserratus	0.556 7 ± 0.009 9
淡黄香青 Anaphalis flavescens	0.071 0 ± 0.000 6
黄腺香青 Anaphalis aureo-punctata	0.077 6 ± 0.001 0
尼泊尔香青 Anaphalis nepalensis	0.255 0 ± 0.001 7

物种名 Name of species	$m\pm SE$	$k\pm SE$	$b\pm SE$	${{T}_{b}}\pm SE$(℃)	${{\theta }_{T}}\left( 50\% \right)$(℃·d)	${{R}^{2}}$
长毛风毛菊 Saussurea hieracioides	0.791 ± 0.023	0.094 ± 0.021	8.936 ± 2.003	-0.361 ± 0.493	100.79	0.94
大耳叶风毛菊 Saussurea macrota	0.642 ± 0.019	0.067 ± 0.015	6.791 ± 1.351	-0.231 ± 0.573	119.62	0.92
甘肃风毛菊 Saussurea kansuensis	0.587 ±0.015	0.090 ± 0.015	7.615 ± 1.137	-0.007 ± 0.317	104.46	0.96
火绒草 Leontopodium leontopodioides	0.878 ± 0.020	0.105 ± 0.022	7.865 ± 1.504	-1.041 ± 0.467	77.72	0.95
戟叶火绒草 Leontopodium dedekensii	0.767 ± 0.017	0.106 ± 0.017	7.383 ± 1.133	0.939 ± 0.246	75.37	0.96
银叶火绒草 Leontopodium souliei	0.881 ± 0.025	0.073 ± 0.016	6.229 ± 1.314	0.792 ± 0.438	88.98	0.94
异羽千里光 Senecio diversipinnus	0.698 ± 0.011	0.082 ± 0.010	8.543 ± 0.989	-1.380 ± 0.362	115.32	0.99
额河千里光 Senecio argunensis	0.884 ± 0.027	0.095 ± 0.021	8.161 ± 1.725	0.455 ± 0.382	89.00	0.94
密齿千里光 Senecio densiserratus	0.842 ± 0.027	0.100 ± 0.019	8.589 ± 1.519	0.773 ± 0.269	89.82	0.94
淡黄香青 Anaphalis flavescens	0.892 ± 0.012	0.121 ± 0.013	8.640 ± 0.897	1.452 ± 0.119	73.42	0.98
黄腺香青 Anaphalis aureo-punctata	0.849 ± 0.016	0.070 ± 0.009	6.284 ± 0.762	-0.320 ± 0.394	94.66	0.97
尼泊尔香青 Anaphalis nepalensis	0.890 ± 0.031	0.081 ± 0.022	8.250 ± 2.154	-0.762 ± 0.548	104.59	0.92

物种名 Name of species	$m\pm SE$	$k\pm SE$	$b\pm SE$	${{T}_{b}}\pm SE$(℃)	${{\theta }_{T}}\left( 50\% \right)$(℃·d)	${{R}^{2}}$
长毛风毛菊 Saussurea hieracioides	0.791 ± 0.023	0.094 ± 0.021	8.936 ± 2.003	-0.361 ± 0.493	100.79	0.94
大耳叶风毛菊 Saussurea macrota	0.642 ± 0.019	0.067 ± 0.015	6.791 ± 1.351	-0.231 ± 0.573	119.62	0.92
甘肃风毛菊 Saussurea kansuensis	0.587 ±0.015	0.090 ± 0.015	7.615 ± 1.137	-0.007 ± 0.317	104.46	0.96
火绒草 Leontopodium leontopodioides	0.878 ± 0.020	0.105 ± 0.022	7.865 ± 1.504	-1.041 ± 0.467	77.72	0.95
戟叶火绒草 Leontopodium dedekensii	0.767 ± 0.017	0.106 ± 0.017	7.383 ± 1.133	0.939 ± 0.246	75.37	0.96
银叶火绒草 Leontopodium souliei	0.881 ± 0.025	0.073 ± 0.016	6.229 ± 1.314	0.792 ± 0.438	88.98	0.94
异羽千里光 Senecio diversipinnus	0.698 ± 0.011	0.082 ± 0.010	8.543 ± 0.989	-1.380 ± 0.362	115.32	0.99
额河千里光 Senecio argunensis	0.884 ± 0.027	0.095 ± 0.021	8.161 ± 1.725	0.455 ± 0.382	89.00	0.94
密齿千里光 Senecio densiserratus	0.842 ± 0.027	0.100 ± 0.019	8.589 ± 1.519	0.773 ± 0.269	89.82	0.94
淡黄香青 Anaphalis flavescens	0.892 ± 0.012	0.121 ± 0.013	8.640 ± 0.897	1.452 ± 0.119	73.42	0.98
黄腺香青 Anaphalis aureo-punctata	0.849 ± 0.016	0.070 ± 0.009	6.284 ± 0.762	-0.320 ± 0.394	94.66	0.97
尼泊尔香青 Anaphalis nepalensis	0.890 ± 0.031	0.081 ± 0.022	8.250 ± 2.154	-0.762 ± 0.548	104.59	0.92