青藏高原植被绿度变化及其对干湿变化的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0500

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 51-64.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0500

青藏高原植被绿度变化及其对干湿变化的响应

朱玉英¹, 张华敏², 丁明军¹^,³^,^*(), 余紫萍¹

¹江西师范大学地理与环境学院, 南昌 330022
²江西省自然资源政策调查评估中心, 南昌 330025
³鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室, 南昌 330022

收稿日期:2021-12-31 接受日期:2022-05-12 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2022-07-15
通讯作者: *丁明军(dingmj@jxnu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0603);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA20040201)

Changes of vegetation greenness and its response to drought-wet variation on the Qingzang Plateau

ZHU Yu-Ying¹, ZHANG Hua-Min², DING Ming-Jun¹^,³^,^*(), YU Zi-Ping¹

¹School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
²Natural Resources Policy Investigation and Evaluation Center of Jiangxi Provincial, Nanchang 330025, China
³Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330022, China

Received:2021-12-31 Accepted:2022-05-12 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2022-07-15
Contact: *DING Ming-Jun(dingmj@jxnu.edu.cn)
Supported by:
Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program(2019QZKK0603);Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20040201)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原是全球气候变化的敏感区, 特殊的自然环境孕育了极端脆弱的植被及其生态系统, 已成为研究植被对气候变化响应的一个理想区域。植被易受气候变化的影响且响应可能因季节和植被类型而异。该研究将标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)和MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)分别作为干湿度和植被绿度指标, 采用Sen’s斜率估计、BFAST模型和相关分析, 分析了2000-2018年青藏高原植被绿度变化的时空格局特征, 并探讨了植被绿度对干湿变化的响应。结果表明: 2000-2018年青藏高原植被绿度呈上升趋势, 但变化速率空间差异显著。大部分高原地区植被绿度于2012-2015年间存在突变, 突变后普遍呈上升趋势, 以藏北地区最为突出。青藏高原植被生长季NDVI与不同时间尺度SPEI整体呈正相关关系, 且在生长季的中后期相关性逐渐增强。青藏高原植被对SPEI的响应表现出一定的年内周期性, 草本植被(草甸和草原)区尤为显著。相对于森林和灌丛植被, 草本植被对SPEI响应更为敏感, 且在生长季的不同阶段对不同时间尺度的SPEI的响应存在明显差异。

关键词: 青藏高原, 归一化植被指数, 标准化降水蒸散发指数, 植被类型, 响应

Abstract:

Aims The Qingzang Plateau is highly sensitive to global climate change. The unique natural conditions lead to extremely vulnerable vegetation and its ecosystem, making this region ideal for analyzing responses of vegetation to climate change. However, different types of vegetation may have different responses to seasonal variability. This study explores and analyzes vegetation changes on the Qingzang Plateau and the response characteristics of different vegetation types to moisture variations (i.e., dry and wet conditions) during the growing season.
Methods The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used here as indicators of dry humidity and vegetation greenness, respectively. Sen’s slope estimation, BFAST model and correlation analyses were used to quantify the spatiotemporal variability of vegetation greenness and its response to drought-wet variations on the Qingzang Plateau from 2000 to 2018.
Important findings Results show that vegetation greenness on the Qingzang Plateau generally increased over the time period analyzed. Additionally, the rate of spatial variation reveals striking regional differences. The breaks of vegetation greenness occurred in most regions during 2012-2015, after which there was general upward trend after the breaks, the various trend is most apparent in northern Qingzang Plateau. Positive correlations between NDVI and multi-time scale SPEI were observed in most regions during the growing season, and gradually increased in the middle and latter part of the growing season. The responses of each vegetation type to SPEI also showed a distinct periodicity during the year. Meadow and steppe areas were more sensitive to multi-time scale SPEI than forest and shrub areas, and this response differed significantly during different stages of the growing season and for different time scales of SPEI.

Key words: Qingzang Plateau, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), vegetation type, response

朱玉英, 张华敏, 丁明军, 余紫萍. 青藏高原植被绿度变化及其对干湿变化的响应. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(1): 51-64. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0500

ZHU Yu-Ying, ZHANG Hua-Min, DING Ming-Jun, YU Zi-Ping. Changes of vegetation greenness and its response to drought-wet variation on the Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(1): 51-64. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0500

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0500

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I1/51

图/表 11

图1 青藏高原生态区及气象站点空间分布。IB1, 果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸带; IC1, 青南高寒草甸草原带; IC2, 羌塘高寒草原带; ID1, 昆仑高寒荒漠带; IIAB1, 川西藏东山地针叶林带; IIC1, 藏南山地灌丛草原带; IIC2, 青东祁连山地草原带; IID1, 阿里山地半荒漠、荒漠带; IID2, 柴达木山地荒漠带; IID3, 昆仑山北翼山地荒漠带; OA1, 东喜马拉雅南麓山地常绿阔叶林带。生态分区参考郑度(2008)。

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of ecosystem zones and stations on the Qingzang Plateau. IB1, Golog-Nagqu high-cold shrub-meadow zone; IC1, southern Qinghai high-cold meadow steppe zone; IC2, Qiangtang high-cold steppe zone; ID1, Kunlun high-cold desert zone; IIAB1, Western Sichuan-eastern Xizang montane coniferous forest zone; IIC1, Southern Xizang montane shrub-steppe zone; IIC2, Eastern Qinghai-Qilian montane steppe zone; IID1, Ngari montane desert-steppe and desert zone; IID2, Qaidam montane desert zone; IID3, Northern slopes of Kunlun montane desert zone; OA1, Southern slopes of Himalaya montane evergreen broadleaved forest zone. Ecosystem zones were referred from Zheng (2008).

图2 2000-2018年青藏高原植被绿度变化。NDVI, 归一化植被指数; slope, 斜率。

Fig. 2 Temporal change of vegetation greenness on the Qingzang Plateau from 2000 to 2018. NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index.

图3 2000-2018年青藏高原植被绿度变化速率的空间分布。

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of rate of change on vegetation greenness of the Qingzang Plateau from 2000 to 2018.

图4 2000-2018年青藏高原植被绿度突变年份。生态分区见图1。

Fig. 4 Break years of vegetation greenness on the Qingzang Plateau from 2000 to 2018. Ecosystem zones see Fig. 1.

图5 2000-2018年青藏高原植被绿度突变类型。1, 负断点上升; 2, 正断点下降; 3, 上升转下降; 4, 下降转上升。生态分区见图1。

Fig. 5 Break types of vegetation greenness on the Qingzang Plateau from 2000 to 2018. 1, Increase with negative break; 2, decrease with positive break; 3, increase to decrease; 4, decrease to increase. Ecosystem zones see Fig. 1.

图6 2000-2018年青藏高原植被绿度突变前后变化速率空间分布。A, C, 突变前。B, D, 突变后。生态分区见图1。

Fig. 6 Change rate of vegetation greenness on the Qingzang Plateau from 2000 to 2018 before and after breaks. A, C, Before breaks. B, D, After breaks. Ecosystem zones see Fig. 1.

图7 2000-2018年青藏高原植被绿度突变前后各变化速率百分比。A, 突变前。B, 突变后。

Fig. 7 Proportion of each change rate of vegetation greenness on the Qingzang Plateau from 2000 to 2018. A, Before breaks. B, After the breaks.

图8 2000-2018年青藏高原植被归一化植被指数(NDVI)和标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)的相关性。SPEI01、SPEI02、SPEI03、SPEI06、SPEI09、SPEI12、SPEI18、SPEI24分别代表累积时间1、2、3、6、9、12、18、24个月的干旱程度。

Fig. 8 Correlation between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) on the Qingzang Plateau during growing seasons of 2000 to 2018. SPEI01, SPEI02, SPEI03, SPEI06, SPEI09, SPEI12, SPEI18 and SPEI24 represents the drought severity in cumulative time period of 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively.

图9 2000-2018年青藏高原植被归一化植被指数(NDVI)和标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)相关系数最大值。生态分区见图1。

Fig. 9 The maximum correlation coefficient between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) from 2000 to 2018 on the Qingzang Plateau. Ecosystem zones see Fig. 1.

图10 2000-2018年青藏高原植被归一化植被指数(NDVI)和标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)相关系数最大值出现时SPEI的时间尺度。生态分区见图1。

Fig. 10 Time scales of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) when the maximum correlation coefficient of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and SPEI appeared from 2000 to 2018 on the Qingzang Plateau. Ecosystem zones see Fig. 1.

图11 2000-2018年青藏高原年际干湿变化空间分布。生态分区见图1。

Fig. 11 Spatial distribution of interannual drought-wet variation on the Qingzang Plateau from 2000 to 2018. Ecosystem zones see Fig. 1.

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青藏高原植被绿度变化及其对干湿变化的响应

Changes of vegetation greenness and its response to drought-wet variation on the Qingzang Plateau

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