土壤养分对青藏高原高寒草地生物量响应增温的调节作用

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0097

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1071-1081.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0097

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统

土壤养分对青藏高原高寒草地生物量响应增温的调节作用

赵艳超¹^,², 陈立同¹^,^*()

¹中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-03-17 接受日期:2022-07-06 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2022-09-06
通讯作者: *ORCID: 陈立同: 0000-0002-9797-296X,(litong_chen@nwipb.cas.cn)
基金资助:
青海省应用基础研究项目(2020-XJ-751)

Soil nutrients modulate response of aboveground biomass to warming in alpine grassland on the Qingzang Plateau

ZHAO Yan-Chao¹^,², CHEN Li-Tong¹^,^*()

¹Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2022-03-17 Accepted:2022-07-06 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2022-09-06
Contact: *CHEN Li-Tong(litong_chen@nwipb.cas.cn)
Supported by:
Applied Basic Research Project in Qinghai Province(2020-XJ-751)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近40年来, 青藏高原经历了快速的增温, 而且预计在将来的几十年里其温度会持续上升。由于气候变暖可能引起土壤水分、养分可利用性的变化, 了解该变化是否会影响高寒草地对气候变暖的响应, 是准确预测未来气候变暖背景下高寒草地生产力变化的重要前提。基于高(4 050 m)、中(3 700 m)、低(3 200 m) 3个海拔的开顶式增温箱(OTCs)增温与施肥(氮(N)肥、磷(P)肥)野外控制实验, 该研究测定了高寒草地群落及其4种功能群(豆科、禾草、莎草、杂类草)的地上绝对和相对生物量, 探讨了高寒草地地上生物量对气候变暖的响应以及土壤养分的调节作用。结果表明: 1)增温处理的响应比与海拔之间存在显著的正相关关系。2)增温导致中、高海拔草地地上生物量的增加, 而且在N、P添加下, 增温均显著增加了3个海拔草地地上生物量。3)不同海拔的4种功能群相对生物量对增温的响应不一致, 而且同一功能群因不同的养分条件对增温表现出了显著的差异。研究表明, 高寒植物对增温的响应依赖于海拔, 并且受到土壤养分可利用性的调节。

关键词: 地上生物量, 高寒草地, 功能群, 增温, 氮添加, 磷添加, 海拔, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aims In the past 40 years, Qingzang Plateau has experienced rapid warming, and its air temperature is projected to continue to rise in the next few decades. Since climate warming may alter soil moisture and nutrient availability, understanding how these changes affect the responses of alpine grasslands to increasing air temperature is therefore crucial to accurately anticipate the shift in vegetation productivity of alpine grassland ecosystems under future warming.

Methods The aboveground biomass of plant communities and four functional groups (legumes, grasses, sedges, and forbs) in alpine grasslands were measured at the field experiments of warming, fertilization (nitrogen, phosphorus) and their interactions across three altitudes (3 200, 3 700 and 4 050 m).

Important findings 1) We found significantly positive correlation of the warming response ratios with altitude. 2) Warming resulted in the increase of aboveground biomass at middle and high elevation; moreover, under the condition of N, P addition, warming significantly increased aboveground biomass at three altitudes. 3) The responses of relative biomass of four functional groups to warming at different altitudes were inconsistent. Even within the same functional group, they showed significant different responses to warming due to the distinct nutrient conditions across the altitudes. Taken together, our results suggest that the responses of alpine grasslands to warming were altitudes-dependent, which was also modulated by soil nutrient availability.

Key words: aboveground biomass, alpine grassland, functional group, warming, nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, altitude, Qingzang Plateau

赵艳超, 陈立同. 土壤养分对青藏高原高寒草地生物量响应增温的调节作用. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(8): 1071-1081. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0097

ZHAO Yan-Chao, CHEN Li-Tong. Soil nutrients modulate response of aboveground biomass to warming in alpine grassland on the Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(8): 1071-1081. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0097

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0097

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I8/1071

图/表 7

图1 被动式开顶式增温箱(OTC)示意图。A, OTC野外样地示意图。B, OTC单面示意图。

Fig. 1 Schematic of the open-top chamber (OTC). A, Schematic of OTC in sampling plots. B, Schematic of OTC on one side.

表1 青海海北高寒草地海拔、增温、施肥对3个海拔地上生物量的影响

Table 1 Results of linear mixed model on the effects of altitude, warming, fertilizer and their interactions on aboveground biomass in alpine grassland of Haibei, Qinghai

处理 Treatment	df	F	p
N	1	33.18	<0.001
P	1	2.56	0.114
N × P	1	1.97	0.167
W	1	51.60	<0.001
W × N	1	1.51	0.223
W × P	1	2.35	0.130
W × N × P	1	1.28	0.261
Altitude	2	213.74	<0.001
Altitude × W	2	11.73	<0.001
Altitude × N	2	0.28	0.756
Altitude × P	2	1.55	0.219
Altitude × N × P	2	0.24	0.787
Altitude × W × N	2	0.17	0.841
Altitude × W × P	2	2.55	0.085
Altitude × W × N × P	2	0.57	0.566

图2 青海海北高寒草地2021年地上生物量响应比与海拔之间的关系。○, 对照; □, 氮添加; ◇, 磷添加; △, 氮磷共同添加; 白色表示对照, 黑色表示增温。母图中拟合线表示8种处理的响应比与海拔之间的关系(p < 0.05, R2 = 0.06), 左上角子图中拟合线表示单独增温与海拔之间的关系(p < 0.05, R2 = 0.39)。

Fig. 2 Relationships between response ratio and altitude in 2021 in alpine grassland of Haibei, Qinghai. ○, no treatment; □, nitrogen (N) addition; ◇, phosphorus (P) addition; △, combination of N and P addition; White color, CK; black color, warming. Fitted line in the parent figure represents the relationship between the response ratios of the eight treatments and elevation (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.06), and the fitted line in the upper left subplot represents the relationship between the warming and altitude (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.39).

图3 青海海北高寒草地增温、养分添加及其交互作用对海拔3 200 m (A)、3 700 m (B)、4 050 m (C)群落地上生物量的影响。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; NP, 氮磷共同添加; P, 磷添加。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 3 Influence of warming, nitrogen and phosphorus addition and their interaction on aboveground biomass of altitude 3 200 m (A), 3 700 m (B) and 4 050 m (C) in alpine grassland of Haibei, Qinghai. CK, no treatment; N, nitrogen addition; NP, combination of nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

表2 青海海北高寒草地增温、施肥对3个海拔地上生物量的影响

Table 2 Results of linear mixed model on the effects of warming, fertilizer and their interactions on aboveground biomass of three altitudes in alpine grassland of Haibei, Qinghai

处理 Treatment	df	3 200 m		3 700 m		4 050 m
处理 Treatment	df	F	p	F	p	F	p
N	1	24.21	<0.001	15.61	<0.001	6.84	<0.05
P	1	6.32	<0.05	0.03	0.860	0.80	0.381
N × P	1	1.79	0.193	1.89	0.182	0.26	0.612
W	1	0.75	0.395	81.63	<0.001	13.57	<0.01
W × N	1	1.95	0.176	3.58	0.070	0.27	0.605
W × P	1	2.30	0.142	8.10	<0.01	0.28	0.600
W × N × P	1	0.08	0.776	0.90	0.353	1.75	0.198

图4 在不同养分条件下, 青海海北高寒草地增温对3个海拔4种不同功能群的地上生物量在群落总生物量中所占比例的影响。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; NP, 氮、磷共同添加; P, 磷添加。*, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 4 Effects of warming, nitrogen and phosphorus addition and their interaction on the relative biomass of different plant functional groups of three altitudes in alpine grassland of Haibei, Qinghai. CK, no treatment; N, nitrogen addition; NP, combination of nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001.

表3 增温、施肥对青海海北高寒草地3个海拔高度4种功能群相对生物量的影响

Table 3 Effects of warming, nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the relative biomass of different functional groups on three altitudes in alpine grassland of Haibei, Qinghai

功能群 Functional group	处理 Treatment	df	3 200 m		3 700 m		4 050 m
功能群 Functional group	处理 Treatment	df	F	p	F	p	F	p
豆科 Legume	N	1	22.10	<0.001	2.00	0.172	3.79	0.065
	P	1	<0.01	0.971	<0.01	0.977	1.01	0.327
	N × P	1	1.21	0.282	1.23	0.279	2.11	0.160
	W	1	0.73	0.400	0.25	0.620	0.13	0.726
	W × N	1	0.39	0.539	2.48	0.130	0.001	0.974
	W × P	1	1.53	0.229	0.01	0.927	0.59	0.450
	W × N × P	1	0.96	0.336	3.35	0.081	<0.01	0.986
禾草 Grass	N	1	9.83	<0.01	3.46	0.077	2.44	0.133
	P	1	1.27	0.272	1.07	0.312	7.17	<0.05
	N × P	1	14.03	<0.01	0.01	0.937	3.12	0.092
	W	1	0.62	0.441	10.86	<0.01	8.85	<0.01
	W × N	1	1.86	0.187	5.14	<0.05	2.45	0.133
	W × P	1	0.11	0.744	0.20	0.656	0.07	0.793
	W × N × P	1	1.22	0.282	1.01	0.325	0.49	0.493
莎草 Sedge	N	1	0.59	0.449	0.09	0.769	0.28	0.603
	P	1	17.14	<0.001	0.27	0.607	20.59	<0.001
	N × P	1	0.81	0.377	0.34	0.566	1.06	0.314
	W	1	0.04	0.837	4.95	<0.05	12.81	<0.01
	W × N	1	2.00	0.171	0.05	0.833	0.78	0.387
	W × P	1	1.24	0.276	0.78	0.387	<0.01	0.988
	W × N × P	1	0.11	0.739	0.85	0.367	1.52	0.231
杂类草 Forb	N	1	0.46	0.505	0.01	0.917	<0.01	0.983
	P	1	0.22	0.645	5.63	<0.05	4.52	<0.05
	N × P	1	0.43	0.521	0.03	0.874	<0.01	0.977
	W	1	0.67	0.422	0.59	0.450	0.20	0.660
	W × N	1	1.74	0.202	0.07	0.798	0.02	0.899
	W × P	1	0.34	0.567	0.54	0.469	0.12	0.734
	W × N × P	1	0.80	0.381	0.70	0.411	0.32	0.576

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土壤养分对青藏高原高寒草地生物量响应增温的调节作用

Soil nutrients modulate response of aboveground biomass to warming in alpine grassland on the Qingzang Plateau

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