植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 882-894.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0031
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
郭敏1, 罗林2, 梁进2, 王彦杰1,*(), 赵春章3,*()
收稿日期:
2022-01-18
接受日期:
2022-05-20
出版日期:
2023-06-20
发布日期:
2022-06-09
通讯作者:
* (Wang YJ, 基金资助:
GUO Min1, LUO Lin2, LIANG Jin2, WANG Yan-Jie1,*(), ZHAO Chun-Zhang3,*()
Received:
2022-01-18
Accepted:
2022-05-20
Online:
2023-06-20
Published:
2022-06-09
Contact:
* (Wang YJ, Supported by:
摘要:
西南亚高山森林是典型的季节性冻土区, 为深入研究气候变暖背景下冻融循环变化对森林土壤环境的影响, 该研究以西南亚高山森林乔木层与灌木层优势种云杉(Picea asperata)和华西箭竹(Fargesia nitida)根区土壤为研究对象, 利用红外辐射加热器模拟气候变暖, 研究增温对非生长季土壤冻融循环、土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响。在此基础上, 开展室内培养实验, 进一步验证冻融循环变化对土壤性质的影响。结果表明: (1)与对照小区比较, 增温小区5 cm和15 cm土层温度分别升高2.85和2.13 ℃, 冻结天数分别减少了60和32天, 冻融循环次数分别由3次和1次降为0次。(2)增温增加了两物种根区土壤总氮(TN)、可溶性有机氮(DON)和微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量, 但降低了土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量。土壤冻结天数、冻融循环次数与TN、DON含量显著负相关, 与NH4+-N含量显著正相关。(3)增温显著促进了两树种根区土壤N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性, 但显著抑制了脲酶(Ure)活性。土壤冻结天数、冻融次数与NAG和Ure活性显著相关。(4)与野外研究相似, 室内冻融循环处理可显著增加云杉根区土壤NH4+-N含量与β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)活性, 降低了NAG活性; 增加了华西箭竹根区NH4+-N含量, 降低了BG与NAG酶活性; 但冻融循环对土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)、DON含量、Ure及蛋白酶(Pro)活性的影响与野外研究结果不同。冗余分析表明, 华西箭竹根区土壤酶活性主要受土壤DON含量的影响, 而云杉根区土壤酶活性与pH、NH4+-N含量、DON含量显著相关。以上结果说明, 气候变暖背景下季节性冻土冻融循环消失, 会显著影响西南亚高山森林非生长季土壤理化性质(尤其是土壤氮库组分)和酶活性, 但其影响机制需要进一步研究。
郭敏, 罗林, 梁进, 王彦杰, 赵春章. 冻融变化对西南亚高山森林优势种云杉和华西箭竹根区土壤理化性质与酶活性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(6): 882-894. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0031
GUO Min, LUO Lin, LIANG Jin, WANG Yan-Jie, ZHAO Chun-Zhang. Effects of freeze-thaw changes on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in root zone of Picea asperata and Fargesia nitida under subalpine forests of southwest China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(6): 882-894. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0031
图1 西南亚高山森林样地5 cm土层土壤温度和湿度(2018-12-06至2019-03-31)。
Fig. 1 Temperature and humidity of 5 cm soil layer of sample plot under subalpine forests of southwest China (2018-12-06 to 2019-03-31).
处理 Treatment | 土深5 cm Soil depth 5 cm | 土深15 cm Soil depth 15 cm | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
冻结时间 Freezing time (d) | 冻融循环次数 Freeze thaw cycle (times) | 冻结时间 Freezing time (d) | 冻融循环次数 Freeze thaw cycle (times) | |
对照 Control | 65 ± 2.9 | 3 ± 0 | 36 ± 1.1 | 1 ± 0 |
增温 Warming | 5 ± 0.6 | 0 ± 0 | 4 ± 0.5 | 0 ± 0 |
表1 西南亚高山森林2018年12月至2019年3月增温和对照小区土壤冻融循环次数与时间(平均值±标准误)
Table 1 Freeze-thaw cycles of the warming and control plots during December 2018 to March 2019 under subalpine forests of China (mean ± SE)
处理 Treatment | 土深5 cm Soil depth 5 cm | 土深15 cm Soil depth 15 cm | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
冻结时间 Freezing time (d) | 冻融循环次数 Freeze thaw cycle (times) | 冻结时间 Freezing time (d) | 冻融循环次数 Freeze thaw cycle (times) | |
对照 Control | 65 ± 2.9 | 3 ± 0 | 36 ± 1.1 | 1 ± 0 |
增温 Warming | 5 ± 0.6 | 0 ± 0 | 4 ± 0.5 | 0 ± 0 |
图2 增温对西南亚高山森林样地土壤理化性质的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照处理; W, 增温处理。FN, 华西箭竹; PA, 云杉。*, p < 0.05; ns, p > 0.05。
Fig. 2 Effects of warming on soil physicochemical properties of sample plot under subalpine forests of southwest China (mean ± SE). CK, control treatment; W, warming treatment. FN, Fargesia nitida; PA, Picea asperata. DON, dissolved organic nitrogen; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen. *, p < 0.05; ns, p > 0.05.
图3 增温对西南亚高山森林样地土壤酶活性的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照处理; W, 增温处理。 FN, 华西箭竹; PA, 云杉。BG, β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性; NAG, N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性; Pro, 蛋白酶活性; Ure, 脲酶活性。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, p > 0.05。
Fig. 3 Effects of warming on soil enzyme activities of sample plot under subalpine forests of southwest China (mean ± SE). CK, control treatments; W, warming treatments. FN, Fargesia nitida; PA, Picea asperata. BG, activity of 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside; NAG, activity of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase; Pro, activity of protease; Ure, activity of urease. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, p < 0.05.
SM | pH | TC | TN | NO3--N | NH4+-N | MBN | DON | BG | NAG | Pro | Ure | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T5 | -0.33 | -0.27 | 0.08 | -0.67* | -0.38 | 0.72** | -0.14 | -0.62** | 0.94 | -0.93** | 0.02 | 0.72** |
T15 | -0.33 | -0.27 | 0.08 | -0.48* | -0.51 | 0.83** | -0.01 | -0.85** | 0.889 | -0.91** | 0.16 | 0.76** |
D5 | -0.33 | -0.30 | 0.01 | -0.66* | -0.43 | 0.80** | -0.08 | -0.71** | 0.906 | -0.96** | 0.04 | 0.74** |
D15 | -0.34 | -0.29 | 0.02 | -0.68* | -0.42 | 0.79** | -0.08 | -0.69** | 0.898 | -0.97** | 0.03 | 0.74** |
表2 土壤冻融循环变化与土壤理化性质和酶活性的相关性分析
Table 2 Correlation analysis between soil physicochemical factors, enzyme activities and freeze-thaw cycles
SM | pH | TC | TN | NO3--N | NH4+-N | MBN | DON | BG | NAG | Pro | Ure | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T5 | -0.33 | -0.27 | 0.08 | -0.67* | -0.38 | 0.72** | -0.14 | -0.62** | 0.94 | -0.93** | 0.02 | 0.72** |
T15 | -0.33 | -0.27 | 0.08 | -0.48* | -0.51 | 0.83** | -0.01 | -0.85** | 0.889 | -0.91** | 0.16 | 0.76** |
D5 | -0.33 | -0.30 | 0.01 | -0.66* | -0.43 | 0.80** | -0.08 | -0.71** | 0.906 | -0.96** | 0.04 | 0.74** |
D15 | -0.34 | -0.29 | 0.02 | -0.68* | -0.42 | 0.79** | -0.08 | -0.69** | 0.898 | -0.97** | 0.03 | 0.74** |
图4 冻融循环对西南亚高山森林样地土壤理化性质的影响(平均值±标准误)。0, 对照; 5, 5次冻融循环处理; 15, 15次冻融循环处理。FN, 华西箭竹; PA, 云杉。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 4 Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil physicochemical properties of sample plot under subalpine forests of southwest China (mean ± SE). 0, control treatment; 5, five freeze-thaw cycles; 15, fifteen freeze-thaw cycles. FN, Fargesia nitida; PA, Picea asperata. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05).
图5 冻融循环对西南亚高山森林样地土壤酶活性的影响(平均值±标准误)。0, 对照; 5, 5次冻融循环处理; 15, 15次冻融循环处理。FN, 华西箭竹; PA, 云杉。BG, β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性; NAG, N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性; Pro, 蛋白酶活性; Ure, 脲酶活性。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 5 Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil enzyme activities of sample plot under subalpine forests of southwest China (mean ± SE). 0, control treatment; 5, five freeze-thaw cycles; 15, fifteen freeze-thaw cycles. FN, Fargesia nitida; PA, Picea asperata. BG, activity of 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside; NAG, activity of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase; Pro, activity of protease; Ure, activity of urease. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05).
图6 西南亚高山森林样地土壤酶活性与理化因子之间的冗余分析(RDA)。A, 华西箭竹。B, 云杉。BG, β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性; DON, 可溶性有机氮含量; MBN, 微生物生物量氮含量; NAG, N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; Pro, 蛋白酶活性; SM, 土壤湿度; TC, 土壤总碳含量; TN, 土壤总氮含量; Ure, 脲酶活性。
Fig. 6 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil enzyme activities and physicochemical factors of sample plot under subalpine forests of southwest China. A, Fargesia nitida. B, Picea asperata. BG, activity of 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; NAG, activity of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; Pro, activity of protease; TC, total carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content; Ure, activity of urease.
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