祁连山优势树木碳水化合物资源分配的海拔和树种效应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0262

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 208-219.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0262

祁连山优势树木碳水化合物资源分配的海拔和树种效应

秦慧君(), 焦亮, 周怡, 薛儒鸿, 柒常亮, 杜达石

西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 甘肃省绿洲资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2021-07-13 接受日期:2021-11-15 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2021-12-13
通讯作者: 秦慧君,焦亮
作者简介:*(jiaoliang@nwnu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41861006);中国科学院“西部之光”西部青年学者人才培养计划项目(2020XBZG-XBQNXZ-A);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR10RA093)

Effects of altitudes on non-structural carbohydrate allocation in different dominate trees in Qilian Mountains, China

QIN Hui-Jun(), JIAO Liang, ZHOU Yi, XUE Ru-Hong, QI Chang-Liang, DU Da-Shi

Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2021-07-13 Accepted:2021-11-15 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2021-12-13
Contact: QIN Hui-Jun,JIAO Liang
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41861006);Chinese Academy of Sciences “Light of West China” Program(2020XBZG-XBQNXZ-A);Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(20JR10RA093)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海拔梯度造成的温度、水分和土壤肥力等环境异质性会影响树木的生长, 但是不同树木的生理差异也决定了树木资源分配权衡还存在很多不确定性。为探明祁连山地区青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)和祁连圆柏(Juniperus przewalskii)非结构碳水化合物(NSC)含量的海拔和树种效应差异, 该研究以祁连山两个优势针叶树种青海云杉和祁连圆柏为研究对象, 分别设置了高海拔(3 300 m)和低海拔(2 850 m)两个采样高度, 采用t检验和多因素方差分析比较了不同海拔两个树种NSC及其组分(可溶性糖、淀粉)含量的差异, 分析叶、树干、粗根和细根间的NSC及其组分含量的资源分配权衡特征, 明晰不同海拔青海云杉和祁连圆柏生长限制因素和生理生态适应机理。结果表明: (1)低海拔青海云杉整株和各器官NSC及其组分含量均显著高于高海拔青海云杉; 而低海拔祁连圆柏整株和各器官NSC及其组分含量均显著低于高海拔祁连圆柏; (2)不同海拔两个优势针叶树种可溶性糖主要投资在叶, 而淀粉主要投资在粗根和树干; (3)高海拔青海云杉的可溶性糖与淀粉的比值显著高于低海拔青海云杉, 说明高海拔青海云杉将更多的碳用于生长, 而低海拔青海云杉将更多的碳用于储存; (4)海拔、树种、器官以及它们的交互作用显著地影响NSC及其组分含量及可溶性糖:淀粉, 其中树种分别解释了NSC、淀粉总变异的38%和37%; 器官分别解释了可溶性糖、可溶性糖:淀粉总变异的68%和42%。该研究结果阐明了不同海拔青海云杉和祁连圆柏的生长限制因素及其资源分配权衡, 为理解不同海拔和不同树种的生态适应机理以及祁连山森林生态系统的保护提供了科学参考。

关键词: 非结构性碳水化合物, 海拔效应, 树种效应, 资源权衡, 青海云杉, 祁连圆柏

Abstract:

Aims The objective of this study was to determine the altitude effects on non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) allocation in Picea crassifoliaand Juniperus przewalskii,the dominate trees in the Qilian Mountains.

Methods Two dominant coniferous species, P. crassifoliaand J. przewalskii, in the Qilian Mountains were selected to compare the NSC contents and its components (soluble sugar and starch) at different altitudes by sampling the tree organs at high (3 300 m) and low altitudes (2 850 m). The NSC allocation trade-off characteristics and its component contents among leaf, trunk, thick root and fine root were analyzed by ttest and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Important findings (1) The content of NSC and its components in the whole plant and the measured organs of P. crassifolia at low altitude were significantly higher than those at high altitude, while the measures in the whole plant and the organs of J. przewalskii at low altitude were significantly lower than those at high altitude. (2) The soluble sugars of the two species were found mainly in the leaves, while the starch was mainly in the thick roots and trunk. (3) The ratio of soluble sugars:starch was significantly higher in P. crassifolia at high altitude than at low altitude, indicating that P. crassifolia at high altitude invested more carbon in growth, while at low altitude, more carbon for storage. (4) Altitude, tree species, organ, and their interactions significantly affected the contents of NSC and its component, and soluble sugar:starch as well. The tree species explains 38% and 37% of the total variation in NSC and starch, respectively; and organ explains 68% and 42% of the total variation in soluble sugar and soluble sugar:starch, respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the ecological adaptation mechanism of the tree species at different altitudes in the Qilian Mountains.

Key words: nonstructural carbohydrates, altitude effect, tree species effect, resource allocation trade-off, Picea crassifolia, Juniperus przewalskii

秦慧君, 焦亮, 周怡, 薛儒鸿, 柒常亮, 杜达石. 祁连山优势树木碳水化合物资源分配的海拔和树种效应. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(2): 208-219. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0262

QIN Hui-Jun, JIAO Liang, ZHOU Yi, XUE Ru-Hong, QI Chang-Liang, DU Da-Shi. Effects of altitudes on non-structural carbohydrate allocation in different dominate trees in Qilian Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(2): 208-219. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0262

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I2/208

图/表 6

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树种 Species	采样点 Sample site	海拔 Altitude (m)	纬度 Longitude (N)/ 经度 Latitude (E)	坡向 Exposure	坡度 Slope	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown width (m)
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	P1	2 850	38.33° 100.17°	西北 Northwest	17°	14.5	30.8	4.0
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	P2	3 300	38.32° 100.18°	北 North	30°	20.3	41.0	4.1
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	P3	2 850	38.53° 100.23°	偏北 Northerly	31°	7.1	32.0	4.3
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	P4	3 300	38.52° 100.21°	偏北 Northerly	33°	7.6	37.7	4.0

树种 Species	采样点 Sample site	海拔 Altitude (m)	纬度 Longitude (N)/ 经度 Latitude (E)	坡向 Exposure	坡度 Slope	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown width (m)
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	P1	2 850	38.33° 100.17°	西北 Northwest	17°	14.5	30.8	4.0
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	P2	3 300	38.32° 100.18°	北 North	30°	20.3	41.0	4.1
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	P3	2 850	38.53° 100.23°	偏北 Northerly	31°	7.1	32.0	4.3
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	P4	3 300	38.52° 100.21°	偏北 Northerly	33°	7.6	37.7	4.0

树种 Species	器官 Organ	异速生长方程 Anisotropic growth equations
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	叶 Leaf	${{m}_{\text{L}}}=0.002634{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9753}}$
	干 Trunk	${{m}_{\text{S}}}=0.018791{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9434}}$
	根 Root	${{m}_{\text{R}}}=0.005097{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9501}}$
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	叶 Leaf	${{m}_{\text{L}}}=0.0042{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.8986}}$
	干 Trunk	${{m}_{\text{S}}}=0.2738{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.6912}}$
	根 Root	${{m}_{\text{R}}}=8.7356{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.2274}}$

树种 Species	器官 Organ	异速生长方程 Anisotropic growth equations
青海云杉 P. crassifolia	叶 Leaf	${{m}_{\text{L}}}=0.002634{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9753}}$
	干 Trunk	${{m}_{\text{S}}}=0.018791{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9434}}$
	根 Root	${{m}_{\text{R}}}=0.005097{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.9501}}$
祁连圆柏 J. przewalskii	叶 Leaf	${{m}_{\text{L}}}=0.0042{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.8986}}$
	干 Trunk	${{m}_{\text{S}}}=0.2738{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.6912}}$
	根 Root	${{m}_{\text{R}}}=8.7356{{({{\text{D}}^{2}}\text{H})}^{0.2274}}$

变异来源 Source of variation	参数 Parameter	三型平方和 SS	均方 MS	F	p	η²
海拔 Altitude	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	110.217	110.217	117.664	<0.010	0.148
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	0.630	0.630	10.580	<0.010	0.010
	淀粉含量 Starch content	94.181	94.181	110.201	<0.010	0.164
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.185	0.185	5.060	0.028	0.024
树种 Species	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	278.566	278.566	297.387	<0.010	0.375
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	4.702	4.702	78.967	<0.010	0.077
	淀粉含量 Starch content	210.885	210.885	246.756	<0.010	0.368
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.986	0.986	26.909	<0.010	0.128
器官 Organ	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	29.128	9.709	10.365	<0.010	0.039
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	41.715	13.905	233.527	<0.010	0.681
	淀粉含量 Starch content	3.524	1.175	1.375	0.259	0.006
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	3.220	1.073	29.286	<0.010	0.418
海拔×树种 Altitude × Species	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	237.780	237.780	253.850	<0.010	0.320
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	63.188	63.188	253.545	<0.010	0.052
	淀粉含量 Starch content	185.906	185.906	217.528	<0.010	0.324
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.353	0.353	9.628	<0.010	0.046
海拔×器官 Altitude × Organ	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	3.511	1.170	1.249	0.299	0.005
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	0.264	0.088	1.476	0.229	0.004
	淀粉含量 Starch content	3.231	1.077	1.260	0.296	0.006
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.071	0.024	0.649	0.586	0.009
树种×器官 Species × Organ	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	17.734	5.911	6.311	<0.010	0.024
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	5.682	1.894	31.809	<0.010	0.093
	淀粉含量 Starch content	12.362	4.121	4.821	<0.010	0.022
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.386	0.123	3.347	0.024	0.048
海拔×树种×器官 Altitude × Species × Organ	非结构性碳水化合物含量 NSC content	6.275	2.092	2.333	0.093	0.008
	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	1.240	0.413	6.941	<0.010	0.020
	淀粉含量 Starch content	8.787	2.929	3.427	0.022	0.015
	可溶性糖:淀粉 Soluble sugar:starch	0.167	0.056	1.515	0.219	0.022

祁连山优势树木碳水化合物资源分配的海拔和树种效应

Effects of altitudes on non-structural carbohydrate allocation in different dominate trees in Qilian Mountains, China

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