不同刈割程度对油莎豆非结构性碳水化合物代谢及生物量的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0484

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨不同留茬高度对油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)非结构性碳水化合物代谢的影响, 进一步明确不同留茬高度与油莎豆地上生物量的关系, 并寻求最佳刈割高度, 该研究以油莎豆为研究对象, 测定6个留茬高度(10、20、30、40、50 cm和未刈割)油莎豆叶片生长生理参数、非结构性碳水化合物含量和地上生物量。结果显示: 刈割对于油莎豆光合作用有刺激作用, 刈割后油莎豆在第1-14天达到再生生长高峰期。留茬30 cm油莎豆叶片可溶性糖含量(第7、21和28天)均高于其他处理, 分别为9.22%、10.83%、9.07%, 其淀粉含量(第14和21天)均高于其他处理, 分别为4.88%和4.11%。留茬40 cm (第21、28天)蔗糖含量均高于其他处理, 分别为7.88%和11.38%; 其果糖含量(第14和21天)均高于其他处理, 分别为5.29%和6.40%。刈割促进了留茬30和40 cm油莎豆叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶和蔗糖合成酶活性的提高。留茬10 cm抑制了油莎豆叶片蔗糖含量增加和相关酶活性。合计刈割时和收获时的饲草质量之和, 留茬30 cm油莎豆干草质量最高, 为10 605.11 kg·hm^-2, 较未刈割增加19.93%; 收获时, 留茬40 cm油莎豆干草质量最高, 为8 976.93 kg·hm^-2, 较未刈割增加1.52%。另外通过冗余分析可知, 可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性是影响饲草产量和再生速度的关键因子。留茬30-40 cm在长期(第7-28天)更有利于油莎豆再生生长, 非结构性碳水化合物积累, 相关酶活性和饲草产量提高, 因此留茬30-40 cm为适宜留茬高度范围。

关键词: 油莎豆, 留茬高度, 光合特性, 非结构性碳水化合物, 生物量

Abstract:

Aims The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of different stubble height on non-structural carbohydrate metabolism of Cyperus esculentus, to further clarify the relationship between stubble height and aboveground biomass of C. esculentus, and to seek the best clipping height.
Methods The growth physiology parameters, non-structural carbohydrates and aboveground biomass of C. esculentus leaves at six stubble heights (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm and uncut) were determined.
Important findings The results showed that clipping can stimulate the photosynthesis of C. esculentus. The peak of regeneration and growth was reached from 1 to 14 days after clipping. The contents of soluble sugars in leaves of 30 cm stubbles (7th, 21st and 28th days) were higher than those in leaves of other treatments, which were 9.22%, 10.83% and 9.07%, respectively, and the starch contents (14th and 21st days) were 4.88% and 4.11%, respectively. The sucrose contents in leaves of 40 cm stubbles (21st and 28th days) were higher than those in leaves of other treatments, which were 7.88% and 11.38%, respectively. The fructose contents (14th and 21st days) were also higher than those in leaves of other treatments, which were 5.29% and 6.40%, respectively. The activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase in 30 cm stubbles and 40 cm stubbles were higher than those in other treatments in different periods after clipping. Stubble 10 cm inhibited the increase of sucrose content and related enzyme activities of C. esculentus. The total amount of forage at clipping and harvest, the hay mass of 30 cm stubbles was up to 10 605.11 kg·hm^-2, 19.93% higher than that of uncut. The hay mass of 40 cm stubbles was up to 8 976.93 kg·hm^-2, 1.52% higher than that of uncut. In addition, through redundancy analysis, soluble sugar content, the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase were important factors affecting the forage yield and regeneration rate. In the long period of cutting (day 7-28), 30-40 cm stubbles were more conducive to regeneration and growth, accumulation and synthesis of non-structural carbohydrate, as well as related enzyme activities and forage yield. Therefore, the suitable stubble height range was 30-40 cm.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus, stubble height, photosynthetic characteristics, non-structural carbohydrate, biomass

李变变, 张凤华, 赵亚光, 孙秉楠. 不同刈割程度对油莎豆非结构性碳水化合物代谢及生物量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(1): 101-113. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0484

LI Bian-Bian, ZHANG Feng-Hua, ZHAO Ya-Guang, SUN Bing-Nan. Effects of different clipping degrees on non-structural carbohydrate metabolism and biomass of Cyperus esculentus. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(1): 101-113. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0484

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0484

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I1/101

图/表 10

表1 阜康实验区供试土壤基础理化性质

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of the tested soil in Fukang

土壤类型 Soil type	土层 Soil layer	质地 Soil texture	有机质含量 Organic matter content (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	pH
棕漠土 Brown desert soil	0-20 cm	壤土 Loam	13.64	0.86	347.37	20.16	7.92

图1 不同留茬高度对油莎豆植株再生速度的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; R10-R50, 留茬高度分别为10、20、30、40、50 cm。不同小写字母表示不同留茬刈割处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effect of different stubble height on regeneration rate of Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

图2 不同留茬高度对油莎豆单株叶面积和相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; R10-R50, 留茬高度分别为10、20、30、40、50 cm。不同小写字母表示不同留茬刈割处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of different stubble height on leaf area per plant and of relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) value of Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

图3 不同留茬高度对油莎豆光合特性的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; R10-R50, 留茬高度分别为10、20、30、40、50 cm。不同小写字母表示不同留茬刈割处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of different stubble heights on the photosynthetic characteristics of different stubble height Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; Gs, stomatic conductance; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Tr, transpiration rate. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

图4 不同留茬高度对油莎豆可溶性糖含量和蔗糖含量的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; R10-R50, 留茬高度分别为10、20、30、40、50 cm。不同小写字母表示不同留茬刈割处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of different stubble height on soluble sugar content and sucrose content of different stubble height Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

图5 不同留茬高度对油莎豆淀粉和果糖含量的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; R10-R50, 留茬高度分别为10、20、30、40、50cm。不同小写字母表示不同留茬刈割处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of different stubble height on starch and fructose content of different stubble height Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

图6 不同留茬高度对油莎豆叶片蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; R10-R50, 留茬高度分别为10、20、30、40、50 cm。不同小写字母表示不同留茬刈割处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Effects of different stubble height on the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in the leaves of different stubble height Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

表2 不同留茬高度对油莎豆地上生物量的影响(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Effects of different stubble height on aboveground biomass of Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE)

留茬处理 Stubble treatment	刈割时 Clipping		收获时 Reward		合计 Total
留茬处理 Stubble treatment	鲜质量 Fresh mass (kg·hm^-2)	干质量 Dry mass (kg·hm^-2)	鲜质量 Fresh mass (kg·hm^-2)	干质量 Dry mass (kg·hm^-2)	鲜质量 Fresh mass (kg·hm^-2)	干质量 Dry mass (kg·hm^-2)
CK	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^e	22 501.13 ± 610.32^a	8 842.62 ± 357.88^ab	22 501.13 ± 1 802.87^d	8 842.62 ± 357.88^b
R50	1 833.43 ± 288.69^cd	741.07 ± 29.17^d	20 001.00 ± 566.38^b	7 738.24 ± 282.26^c	21 834.43 ± 1 607.36^d	8 479.31 ± 286.97^b
R40	4 722.46 ± 481.15^bc	1 472.57 ± 515.51^c	22 001.10 ± 1 000.05^a	8 976.93 ± 339.92^a	29 723.71 ± 1 601.58^b	10 449.51 ± 245.49^a
R30	6 500.33 ± 500.03^b	2 231.38 ± 277.61^b	23 334.50 ± 789.60^a	8 373.73 ± 265.79^b	29 834.83 ± 1 756.03^b	10 605.11 ± 102.57^a
R20	12 037.64 ± 556.51^a	4 473.91 ± 634.8^a	14 500.73 ± 685.05^d	5 804.22 ± 171.48^d	26 538.36 ± 445.62^c	10 278.13 ± 604.49^a
R10	15 500.78 ± 866.07^a	4 048.94 ± 181.72^a	17 500.88 ± 500.03^c	6 223.71 ± 171.42^d	33 001.65 ± 1 322.94^a	10 272.65 ± 260.16^a

图7 不同留茬高度对油莎豆地上生物量、再生速度与5个时期非结构性碳水化合物相关指标的冗余分析(RDA)。A、B、C、D、E分别代表1、7、14、21、28天5个时期。FDG, 收获时干质量; R, 再生速度; RFG, 收获时鲜质量; SPS, 蔗糖磷酸合成酶; SS, 蔗糖合成酶; TDG, 合计后干质量; TFG,合计后鲜质量。CK, 对照; R10-R50, 留茬高度分别为10、20、30、40、50 cm, 下角的1、2、3代表重复。

Fig. 7 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of above-ground biomass, regeneration rate and non-structural carbohydrate related indicators in five periods of different stubble height Cyperus esculentus. A, B, C, D and E represent the five periods of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d, respectively. FDG, dry mass at harvest; R, regeneration rate; RFG, fresh mass at harvest; SPS, sucrose phosphate synthetase; SS, sucrose synthetase; TDG, total dry mass; TFG, total fresh mass. CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height is 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Subscript 1, 2, 3 represent repetition.

表3 基于冗余分析不同指标对油莎豆地上生物量和再生速度的影响

Table 3 Based on redundancy analysis of the influence of different indicators on the aboveground biomass and regeneration rate of Cyperus esculentus

指标 Index	R²					p ( > r)
指标 Index	1 d	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	1 d	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d
可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	0.671	0.648	0.744	0.561	0.569	0.001^***	0.002^**	0.001^***	0.007^**	0.003^**
蔗糖含量 Sucrose content	0.413	0.050	0.346	0.004	0.007	0.029^*	0.677	0.034^*	0.963	0.950
果糖含量 Fructose content	0.186	0.432	0.129	0.300	0.292	0.216	0.017^*	0.358	0.065	0.060
淀粉含量 Starch content	0.208	0.524	0.013	0.377	0.027	0.166	0.003^**	0.917	0.022^*	0.828
蔗糖合成酶活性 SS activity	0.298	0.804	0.506	0.357	0.520	0.074	0.001^***	0.006^**	0.041^*	0.010^**
蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性 SPS activity	0.643	0.492	0.513	0.478	0.648	0.002^**	0.010^**	0.008^**	0.005^**	0.001^**

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