亚高寒草甸群落结构决定群落生产力实例验证

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0331

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在植物物种丰富度与生产力之间关系的研究中, 多以物种丰富度和生产力作为双变量, 常常忽略在同一物种丰富度水平下可能影响群落生产力的其他因素, 例如物种组合与组成等。该研究采用盆栽法, 以中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为研究对象, 设置4个物种丰富度水平(1、2、3、4), 并在最高物种丰富度水平下, 保持总种植密度不变, 改变各组成物种的相对比例(10%、20%、30%、40%), 探讨群落物种组合、组成及物种所属功能群对群落生产力的影响。结果表明: 1)在较低物种丰富度下, 群落生产力随物种丰富度增加而增加, 在较高物种丰富度下, 群落生产力随物种丰富度的增加不再显著变化。2)群落物种组合及组成对群落生产力具有显著影响, 配置垂穗披碱草的群落及垂穗披碱草占比大的群落具有更高生产力。3)混播物种所属功能群对群落生产力具有显著影响, 豆科植物对其他混播物种生产力表现出促进或抑制作用, 禾本科物种垂穗披碱草对群落生产力有正效应，中华羊茅和鸭茅对群落生产力影响不明显。由此推测, 物种丰富度与生产力之间存在一定的表观关系, 植物群落生产力更取决于与物种丰富度相关的物种组合及其组成, 而非物种丰富度。

关键词: 植物功能群, 物种丰富度, 群落生产力, 群落生态学, 亚高寒草甸

Abstract:

Aims In studies on the relationship between plant species richness and productivity, species richness is regarded primarily as an independent variable and productivity as a response variable, whereas other factors that may affect community productivity at the same species richness levels, such as species combination and composition, are largely ignored. The objectives of this research have been determined: (1) the effect of community structure on community productivity, including species combination, composition, and functional groups to which the species belongs, and (2) the relationship between species richness and community productivity in subalpine meadow communities.
Methods In the pot experiment, seeds of four plant species (Festuca sinensis, Elymus nutans, Medicago sativa and Dactylis glomerata) were sown to pots in terms of given species combination and composition at varying levels of species richness (1, 2, 3, 4). In both monocultures and mixtures, the overall planting density of the community was 100. Seeds were sown in equal numbers to pots in communities of diverse species combinations at various levels of species richness. The species composition of four-species mixed-seeding communities was designed as 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% density proportions, respectively. Each treatment had five replicates, and weeds were manually removed on a regular basis. The above-ground biomass in each pot had been harvested, dried, and measured by species at the end of September.
Important findings Community productivity increased with increasing species richness at lower species richness, but not substantially at higher species richness, The combination and composition of community species had a significant effect on community productivity, with the mixed-seeding community containing Elymus nutans and communities with a high proportion of Elymus nutans having higher productivity. Among the functional groups to which the species belonged, legumes either promoted or inhibited the production of other species. Elymus nutans enhanced community productivity, whereas Festuca sinensis and Dactylis glomerata had no discernible effect. As a result, it could be inferred that there is an apparent relationship between species richness and productivity, and plant community productivity is more dependent on species combination and composition than on species richness.

Key words: plant functional group, species richness, community productivity, community ecology, subalpine meadow

李伟, 张荣. 亚高寒草甸群落结构决定群落生产力实例验证. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(5): 713-723. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0331

LI Wei, ZHANG Rong. Case verification of community structure determining community productivity in subalpine meadow. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(5): 713-723. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0331

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0331

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I5/713

图/表 8

表1 不同物种丰富度水平下的群落物种组合及组成

Table 1 Species combination and species composition of plant communities at different species richness levels

物种丰富度 Species richness	物种组合与物种组成 Species combination and species composition
1	FS₁₀₀	EN₁₀₀	MS₁₀₀	DG₁₀₀
2	FS₅₀EN₅₀	FS₅₀MS₅₀	FS₅₀DG₅₀	EN₅₀MS₅₀	EN₅₀DG₅₀	MS₅₀DG₅₀
3	FS₃₃EN₃₃MS₃₃	FS₃₃EN₃₃DG₃₃	FS₃₃MS₃₃DG₃₃	EN₃₃MS₃₃DG₃₃
4	FS₂₅EN₂₅MS₂₅DG₂₅-SC23
	FS₁₀EN₂₀MS₃₀DG₄₀- SC14	FS₁₀EN₂₀MS₄₀DG₃₀- SC13	FS₁₀EN₃₀MS₂₀DG₄₀- SC21	FS₁₀EN₃₀MS₄₀DG₂₀- SC25	FS₁₀EN₄₀MS₂₀DG₃₀- SC24	FS₁₀EN₄₀MS₃₀DG₂₀- SC19
	FS₂₀EN₁₀MS₃₀DG₄₀- SC1	FS₂₀EN₁₀MS₄₀DG₃₀- SC4	FS₂₀EN₃₀MS₁₀DG₄₀- SC18	FS₂₀EN₃₀MS₄₀DG₁₀- SC16	FS₂₀EN₄₀MS₁₀DG₃₀- SC10	FS₂₀EN₄₀MS₃₀DG₁₀- SC11
	FS₃₀EN₁₀MS₂₀DG₄₀- SC7	FS₃₀EN₁₀MS₄₀DG₂₀- SC17	FS₃₀EN₂₀MS₁₀DG₄₀- SC3	FS₃₀EN₂₀MS₄₀DG₁₀- SC6	FS₃₀EN₄₀MS₁₀DG₂₀- SC8	FS₃₀EN₄₀MS₂₀DG₁₀- SC15
	FS₃₀EN₄₀MS₂₀DG₁₀- SC2	FS₄₀EN₁₀MS₃₀DG₂₀- SC9	FS₄₀EN₂₀MS₁₀DG₃₀- SC20	FS₄₀EN₂₀MS₃₀DG₁₀- SC5	FS₄₀EN₃₀MS₁₀DG₂₀- SC12	FS₄₀EN₃₀MS₂₀DG₁₀- SC22

表2 物种丰富度、物种组合及物种组成对地上生物量影响的方差分析

Table 2 Variance analysis of the effects of species richness, species combination and species composition on aboveground biomass

变异来源 Source of variation	df	平方和 Sum of square	方差 Mean square	F	p
物种丰富度 Species richness	3	5.61	1.870	4.924	0.00 256
误差 Error	191	72.53	0.380
物种组合 Species combination	14	26.05	1.861	6.428	2.07e-10
误差 Error	180	52.10	0.289
物种组成 Species composition	24	21.22	0.884	4.778	1.33e-08
误差 Error	100	18.50	0.185

图1 物种丰富度与群落地上生物量之间的关系(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Relationship between species richness and aboveground biomass of community (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

图2 不同物种丰富度下的群落相对产量总和(A)、多样性净效应(B)、互补效应(C)和取样效应(D)的大小(平均值±标准误)。

Fig. 2 Magnitude of total relative yield (A), net effect of diversity (B), complementary effect (C), and sampling effect (D) of communities with different species richness (mean ± SE).

图3 不同物种组合的群落地上生物量间的比较(平均值±标准误)。A, 单播群落。B, 2物种混播群落。C, 3物种混播群落。D, 各组合群落。DG, 鸭茅; EN, 垂穗披碱草; FS, 中华羊茅; MS, 紫花苜蓿。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Comparison between aboveground biomass of communities with different species combinations (mean ± SE). A, Monoculture community. B, Mixed sowing community of two species. C, Mixed sowing community of three species. D, Mixed sowing community of four species. DG, Dactylis glomerata; EN, Elymus nutans; FS, Festuca sinensis; MS, Medicago sativa. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

图4 不同物种组成群落的地上生物量间的比较(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母差异显著(p < 0.05)。横坐标标签对应物种组成见表1。

Fig. 4 Comparison between aboveground biomass of communities with different species composition (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). Species composition corresponding to abscissa label see Table 1.

图5 混播群落与组成群落各物种的地上生物量的变化。Ab, 混播群落地上生物量; Ab-DG, 混播群落中鸭茅的地上生物量; Ab-EN, 混播群落中垂穗披碱草的地上生物量; Ab-FS, 混播群落中中华羊茅的地上生物量; Ab-MS, 混播群落中紫花苜蓿的地上生物量。横坐标轴标签对应物种组成见表1。

Fig. 5 Variation on aboveground biomass of the mixed community and each species constituting the community. Ab, aboveground biomass of mixed community; Ab-DG, aboveground biomass of Dactylis glomerata in mixed community; Ab-EN, aboveground biomass of Elymus nutans in mixed community; Ab-FS, aboveground biomass of Festuca sinensis in mixed community; Ab-MS, aboveground biomass of Medicago sativa in mixed community. Species composition corresponding to abscissa label see Table 1.

图6 混播群落中各物种对群落地上生物量的实际贡献比例。折线表示混播群落中各物种对群落地上生物量的贡献比例的变化; 直线表示以单播群落地上生物量为基础的混播群落中各物种对群落地上生物量的期望贡献比例。A、B、C、D、E和F分别表示物种组合为FS-EN、FS-MS、FS-DG、EN-MS、EN-DG和MS-DG的混播群落。DG, 鸭茅; EN, 垂穗披碱草; FS, 中华羊茅; MS, 紫花苜蓿。

Fig. 6 Actual contribution proportion of species constituting the community to aboveground biomass in the mixed community. The broken line represents the change of the proportion of each species’ contribution to aboveground biomass in the mixed community. The straight line represents the expected contribution proportion of each species in a mixed community based on the aboveground biomass of the mixed community. A, B, C, D, E and F represent mixed communities with species combinations classified as FS-EN, FS-MS, FS-DG, EN-MS, EN-DG, and MS-DG, respectively. DG, Dactylis glomerata; EN, Elymus nutans; FS, Festuca sinensis; MS, Medicago sativa.

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