一年生和多年生豆禾混播草地超产与多样性效应的比较

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0048

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 23-37.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0048

所属专题：生物多样性

一年生和多年生豆禾混播草地超产与多样性效应的比较

黎松松¹, 王宁欣¹, 郑伟¹^,²^,^*(), 朱亚琼¹, 王祥¹, 马军¹, 朱进忠¹^,²

¹新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
²新疆维吾尔自治区草地资源与生态重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2020-02-24 接受日期:2020-09-27 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2020-12-09
通讯作者: ORCID: 郑伟: 0000-0002-5627-9042
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2019Z18);农业农村部“国家牧草现代产业技术体系”项目(CARS-34);国家自然科学基金(31660692);国家重点研发计划(2017YFE0109200)

Comparison of transgressive overyielding effect and plant diversity effects of annual and perennial legume-grass mixtures

LI Song-Song¹, WANG Ning-Xin¹, ZHENG Wei¹^,²^,^*(), ZHU Ya-Qiong¹, WANG Xiang¹, MA Jun¹, ZHU Jin-Zhong¹^,²

¹College of Pratacultural and Environmental Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, ürümqi 830052, China
²Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, ürümqi 830052, China

Received:2020-02-24 Accepted:2020-09-27 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2020-12-09
Contact: ZHENG Wei
Supported by:
Key Project of University Research in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJEDU2019Z18);“National Modern Forage and Grass Research System” Program of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(CARS-34);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660692);National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0109200)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了测度一年生和多年生豆禾混播草地的超产效应与植物多样性效应的关系, 明确一年生和多年生混播草地的高产优势, 探索豆禾混播草地多样性效应和超产效应对其生态功能的响应机制, 于2013-2015年在新疆伊犁地区昭苏盆地开展了3年的牧草产量观测试验。该试验设置3种牧草混播种类和混播比例, 分别为一年生豆禾混播草地(2种牧草混播, AM2)和多年生豆禾混播草地(2种牧草混播, PM2; 4种牧草混播, PM4; 6种牧草混播, PM6), 豆禾混播比例分别为6:4、5:5和4:6。结果表明: 1) 2013、2014年和3年平均值AM2的超产幅度小于PM2和PM6, 2015年AM2的超产幅度大于PM2、PM4和PM6; 混播群落生产力与群落组分中生产力最高产物种单产以及各组分种平均单产的差值表现出相似的规律。2) 2013、2014年和3年平均值AM2的互补效应大于PM2、PM4和PM6, AM2的选择效应则远小于互补效应, PM2、PM4和PM6的互补效应则比较稳定。3)物种丰富度和物种均匀度与牧草产量(群落生产力)大部分情况下呈单峰的“饱和上升型”模式, 分别在4种牧草混播和豆禾混播比例为5:5时, 具有较高生产力。4)多年生豆禾混播草地的互补效应、选择效应和多样性净效应均随生长年限的延长而呈下降趋势, 也导致了超产幅度、超产效应及其稳定性的下降。由此可见, 在建植初期, 互补效应和选择效应共同主导了多年生豆禾混播草地的超产效应, 而随着生长年限的延长, 选择效应则成为主要影响因素; 一年生豆禾混播草地的超产效应则一直受互补效应的影响。

关键词: 物种丰富度, 物种均匀度, 超产效应, 互补效应, 选择效应, 多样性净效应, 生长年限

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to explore mechanisms underlying the effects of transgressive overyielding and plant diversity effects associated with legume-grass mixtures in Zhaosu Basin, Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
Methods Replicate plots (n = 3) were sown in 2013 as legume and grass monocultures (8 in total, including Vicia sativa, Avena sativa, Onobrychis viciaefolia, Bromus inermis, Trifolium pratense, Phleum pratense, Medicage sativa, Dactylis glomerata), a two-species mixture (AM2, annual legume and grass; PM2, perennial legume and grass), a four-species mixture (PM4, 2 perennial legumes and 2 grasses), a six-species mixture (PM6, 3 perennial legumes and 3 grasses), and three mixed-ratio combinations (legume : grass = 6:4, 5:5 and 4:6). Total plot productivity was measured as forage yield (dry matter) each summer between 2013 to 2015, which were used to calculate transgressive overyielding effect (OV), transgressive overyielding effect 1 (OV₁), and transgressive overyielding effect 2 (OV₂). Plant diversity effects were determined by calculating the complementary effect (CE), selection effect (SEF), and net biodiversity effects (∆Y).
Important findings The OV amplitudes of AM2 in 2013, 2014 and 3 years average were less than those of PM2 and PM6. The OV amplitude of AM2 in 2015 was greater than those of PM2, PM4 and PM6. The difference between the productivity of the mixed community and the yield of the most productive product species in the community components and the average yield of each species showed similar laws. CE of AM2 in 2013, 2014, and 3 years average was greater than PM2, PM4 and PM6 in the respective years. While SEF were much smaller than CE in AM2, changes in CE were relatively stable in PM2, PM4 and PM6. Fitted curves of species richness, species evenness, and forage yield (community productivity) predominantly showed a single maximum in PM4, yet productivity was highest in the 5:5 ratio plot. CE, SEF,and ∆ Y in perennial legume-grass mixtures decreased over time, which also led to declines in OV amplitude, OV₁ and OV₂, and their stability. Thus, in the initial study year, CE and SEF jointly dominated OV, OV₁ and OV₂ in perennial legume-grass mixtures. Over the next two growing years, SEF became the main factor that influenced OV, OV₁ and OV₂ in perennial legume-grass mixtures. OV, OV₁ and OV₂ of annual legume-grass mixtures were all influenced by CE from 2013 to 2015.

Key words: species richness, species evenness, transgressive overyielding effect, complementarity effect, selection effect, net effect of biodiversity, growth years

黎松松, 王宁欣, 郑伟, 朱亚琼, 王祥, 马军, 朱进忠. 一年生和多年生豆禾混播草地超产与多样性效应的比较. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(1): 23-37. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0048

LI Song-Song, WANG Ning-Xin, ZHENG Wei, ZHU Ya-Qiong, WANG Xiang, MA Jun, ZHU Jin-Zhong. Comparison of transgressive overyielding effect and plant diversity effects of annual and perennial legume-grass mixtures. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(1): 23-37. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0048

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图/表 9

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处理编号 Treatment number	混播比例 Mixed ratio	豆科牧草 Legume		禾本科牧草 Grass
处理编号 Treatment number	混播比例 Mixed ratio	物种 Species	分播量 Sowing quantity (kg·hm^-2)	物种 Species	分播量 Sowing quantity (kg·hm^-2)
AM2-1	6:4	救荒野豌豆 Vicia sativa	72.00	燕麦 Avena sativa	60.00
AM2-2	5:5	救荒野豌豆 V. sativa	60.00	燕麦 A. sativa	75.00
AM2-3	4:6	救荒野豌豆 V. sativa	48.00	燕麦 A. sativa	90.00
PM2-A1	6:4	驴食草 Onobrychis viciaefolia	36.00	无芒雀麦 Bromus inermis	12.00
PM2-A2	5:5	驴食草 O. viciifolia	30.00	无芒雀麦 B. inermis	15.00
PM2-A3	4:6	驴食草 O. viciifolia	24.00	无芒雀麦 B. inermis	18.00
PM2-B1	6:4	驴食草 O. viciifolia	36.00	猫尾草 Phleum pratense	6.00
PM2-B2	5:5	驴食草 O. viciifolia	30.00	猫尾草P. pratense	7.50
PM2-B3	4:6	驴食草 O. viciifolia	24.00	猫尾草P. pratense	9.00
PM2-C1	6:4	红车轴草 Trifolium pratense	9.00	无芒雀麦 B. inermis	12.00
PM2-C2	5:5	红车轴草 T. pratense	7.50	无芒雀麦 B. inermis	15.00
PM2-C3	4:6	红车轴草 T. pratense	6.00	无芒雀麦 B. inermis	18.00
PM2-D1	6:4	红车轴草 T. pratense	9.00	猫尾草 P. pratense	6.00
PM2-D2	5:5	红车轴草 T. pratense	7.50	猫尾草P. pratense	7.50
PM2-D3	4:6	红车轴草 T. pratense	6.00	猫尾草P. pratense	9.00
PM4-1	6:4	驴食草 O. viciifolia	18.00	无芒雀麦B. inermis	6.00
PM4-1	6:4	红车轴草 T. pratense	4.50	猫尾草P. pratense	3.00
PM4-2	5:5	驴食草O. viciifolia	4.50	无芒雀麦B. inermis	7.50
PM4-2	5:5	红车轴草T. pratense	3.75	猫尾草P. pratense	3.75
PM4-3	4:6	驴食草O. viciifolia	12.00	无芒雀麦B. inermis	9.00
PM4-3	4:6	红车轴草T. pratense	3.00	猫尾草P. pratense	4.50
PM6-1	6:4	驴食草O. viciifolia	12.00	无芒雀麦B. inermis	4.00
		红车轴草 T. pratense	3.00	猫尾草P. pretense	2.00
		紫花苜蓿 Medicage sativa	3.00	鸭茅 Dactylis glomerata	2.00
PM6-2	5:5	驴食草O. viciifolia	10.00	无芒雀麦B. inermis	5.00
		红车轴草 T. pratense	2.00	猫尾草P. pretense	2.50
		紫花苜蓿M. sativa	2.00	鸭茅D. glomerata	2.50
PM6-3	4:6	驴食草O. viciifolia	8.00	无芒雀麦B. inermis	6.00
		红车轴草 T. pratense	2.50	猫尾草P. pretense	3.00
		紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	2.50	鸭茅D. glomerata	3.00

处理编号 Treatment number	混播比例 Mixed ratio	豆科牧草 Legume		禾本科牧草 Grass
处理编号 Treatment number	混播比例 Mixed ratio	物种 Species	分播量 Sowing quantity (kg·hm^-2)	物种 Species	分播量 Sowing quantity (kg·hm^-2)
AM2-1	6:4	救荒野豌豆 Vicia sativa	72.00	燕麦 Avena sativa	60.00
AM2-2	5:5	救荒野豌豆 V. sativa	60.00	燕麦 A. sativa	75.00
AM2-3	4:6	救荒野豌豆 V. sativa	48.00	燕麦 A. sativa	90.00
PM2-A1	6:4	驴食草 Onobrychis viciaefolia	36.00	无芒雀麦 Bromus inermis	12.00
PM2-A2	5:5	驴食草 O. viciifolia	30.00	无芒雀麦 B. inermis	15.00
PM2-A3	4:6	驴食草 O. viciifolia	24.00	无芒雀麦 B. inermis	18.00
PM2-B1	6:4	驴食草 O. viciifolia	36.00	猫尾草 Phleum pratense	6.00
PM2-B2	5:5	驴食草 O. viciifolia	30.00	猫尾草P. pratense	7.50
PM2-B3	4:6	驴食草 O. viciifolia	24.00	猫尾草P. pratense	9.00
PM2-C1	6:4	红车轴草 Trifolium pratense	9.00	无芒雀麦 B. inermis	12.00
PM2-C2	5:5	红车轴草 T. pratense	7.50	无芒雀麦 B. inermis	15.00
PM2-C3	4:6	红车轴草 T. pratense	6.00	无芒雀麦 B. inermis	18.00
PM2-D1	6:4	红车轴草 T. pratense	9.00	猫尾草 P. pratense	6.00
PM2-D2	5:5	红车轴草 T. pratense	7.50	猫尾草P. pratense	7.50
PM2-D3	4:6	红车轴草 T. pratense	6.00	猫尾草P. pratense	9.00
PM4-1	6:4	驴食草 O. viciifolia	18.00	无芒雀麦B. inermis	6.00
PM4-1	6:4	红车轴草 T. pratense	4.50	猫尾草P. pratense	3.00
PM4-2	5:5	驴食草O. viciifolia	4.50	无芒雀麦B. inermis	7.50
PM4-2	5:5	红车轴草T. pratense	3.75	猫尾草P. pratense	3.75
PM4-3	4:6	驴食草O. viciifolia	12.00	无芒雀麦B. inermis	9.00
PM4-3	4:6	红车轴草T. pratense	3.00	猫尾草P. pratense	4.50
PM6-1	6:4	驴食草O. viciifolia	12.00	无芒雀麦B. inermis	4.00
		红车轴草 T. pratense	3.00	猫尾草P. pretense	2.00
		紫花苜蓿 Medicage sativa	3.00	鸭茅 Dactylis glomerata	2.00
PM6-2	5:5	驴食草O. viciifolia	10.00	无芒雀麦B. inermis	5.00
		红车轴草 T. pratense	2.00	猫尾草P. pretense	2.50
		紫花苜蓿M. sativa	2.00	鸭茅D. glomerata	2.50
PM6-3	4:6	驴食草O. viciifolia	8.00	无芒雀麦B. inermis	6.00
		红车轴草 T. pratense	2.50	猫尾草P. pretense	3.00
		紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	2.50	鸭茅D. glomerata	3.00

年份 Year	处理编号 Treatment number	产量 Yield (kg·m^-2)		超产 Overyielding (kg·m^-2)			超产效应1 Transgressive overyielding effect 1 (OV₁)	超产效应2 Transgressive overyielding effect 2 (OV₂)	豆科产量比 Legume proportion (%)
年份 Year	处理编号 Treatment number	混播处理 Mixed treatment	单播对照 Monoculture control	与单播相比 Difference by monoculture control	与PM2相比 Difference by PM2	与PM4相比 Difference by PM4	超产效应1 Transgressive overyielding effect 1 (OV₁)	超产效应2 Transgressive overyielding effect 2 (OV₂)	豆科产量比 Legume proportion (%)
2013	AM2	1.26 ± 0.11 ^a	1.22 ± 0.37	0.04			0.07 ± 0.14 ^b	0.08 ± 0.05 ^b	12.33 ± 1.52 ^c
	PM2-A	0.70 ± 0.06 ^b	0.39 ± 0.12	0.28			0.77 ± 0.13 ^a	0.92 ± 0.24 ^a	21.67 ± 5.40 ^b
	PM2-B	0.68 ± 0.12 ^b	0.40 ± 0.15	0.28			0.15 ± 0.09 ^b	0.62 ± 0.21 ^ab	27.03 ± 17.02 ^b
	PM2-C	0.28 ± 0.07 ^c	0.22 ± 0.06	0.06			-0.09 ± 0.04 ^c	-0.31 ± 0.17 ^c	34.00 ± 5.53 ^b
	PM2-D	0.28 ± 0.05 ^c	0.24 ± 0.13	0.04			-0.13 ± 0.11 ^c	0.08 ± 0.03 ^b	81.67 ± 3.47 ^a
	PM4	0.73 ± 0.07 ^b	0.31 ± 0.06	0.42	0.42		0.86 ± 0.15 ^a	1.54 ± 0.35 ^a	29.33 ± 3.79 ^b
	PM6	0.63 ± 0.10 ^b	0.28 ± 0.10	0.35	0.32	0.32	0.62 ± 0.15 ^a	1.30 ± 0.24 ^a	32.33 ± 18.13 ^b
2014	AM2	0.75 ± 0.05 ^a	0.79 ± 0.33	-0.04			-0.15 ± 0.06 ^c	-0.06 ± 0.06 ^cd	32.33 ± 1.53 ^b
	PM2-A	0.33 ± 0.01 ^bc	0.14 ± 0.02	0.19			0.55 ± 0.17 ^b	0.19 ± 0.06 ^b	10.00 ± 9.64 ^d
	PM2-B	0.26 ± 0.04 ^cd	0.09 ± 0.03	0.17			0.23 ± 0.13 ^b	0.07 ± 0.03 ^cd	21.33 ± 11.59 ^c
	PM2-C	0.19 ± 0.01 ^d	0.16 ± 0.11	0.03			-0.02 ± 0.01 ^c	-0.15 ± 0.10 ^d	15.67 ± 5.13 ^cd
	PM2-D	0.15 ± 0.03 ^d	0.10 ± 0.07	0.05			0.30 ± 0.12 ^b	0.10 ± 0.02 ^b	52.33 ± 15.57 ^a
	PM4	0.41 ± 0.03 ^b	0.13 ± 0.06	0.28	0.18		1.01 ± 0.17 ^a	0.36 ± 0.03 ^a	13.67 ± 6.43 ^cd
	PM6	0.35 ± 0.04 ^bc	0.32 ± 0.21	0.03	0.12	0.22	-0.76 ± 0.02 ^d	-0.07 ± 0.04 ^cd	12.00 ± 6.56 ^cd
2015	AM2	0.36 ± 0.03 ^a	0.21 ± 0.10	0.16			0.17 ± 0.14 ^a	0.80 ± 0.17 ^a	29.33 ± 8.33 ^c
	PM2-A	0.25 ± 0.04 ^c	0.27 ± 0.07	-0.02			0.01 ± 0.09 ^ab	0.64 ± 0.18 ^ab	4.33 ± 1.15 ^d
	PM2-B	0.29 ± 0.02 ^b	0.39 ± 0.16	-0.10			-0.04 ± 0.06 ^b	0.25 ± 0.11 ^b	10.67 ± 0.58 ^d
	PM2-C	0.33 ± 0.03 ^ab	0.37 ± 0.15	-0.04			-0.30 ± 0.12 ^d	-0.08 ± 0.04 ^c	8.33 ± 2.31 ^d
	PM2-D	0.36 ± 0.01 ^a	0.31 ± 0.13	0.05			-0.06 ± 0.13 ^b	-0.18 ± 0.11 ^c	80.67 ± 4.04 ^a
	PM4	0.25 ± 0.03 ^b	0.87 ± 0.29	-0.62	-0.08		-0.31 ± 0.06 ^d	-0.07 ± 0.06 ^c	42.26 ± 4.62 ^b
	PM6	0.31 ± 0.01 ^b	0.27 ± 0.14	0.04	-0.02	-0.56	-0.21 ± 0.06 ^bc	0.29 ± 0.06 ^bc	21.67 ± 2.31 ^c
3年平均值 Three years average	AM2	0.80 ± 0.25 ^a	0.74 ± 0.34	0.06			0.03 ± 0.07 ^b	0.27 ± 0.10 ^a	21.33 ± 2.08 ^b
	PM2-A	0.46 ± 0.10 ^b	0.27 ± 0.08	0.19			0.44 ± 0.10 ^a	0.58 ± 0.12 ^a	21.00 ± 10.44 ^b
	PM2-B	0.43 ± 0.07 ^b	0.29 ± 0.17	0.14			0.10 ± 0.23 ^ab	0.15 ± 0.20 ^ab	23.33 ± 10.41 ^b
	PM2-C	0.26 ± 0.03 ^c	0.25 ± 0.12	0.01			0.04 ± 0.10 ^b	-0.20 ± 0.10 ^b	19.33 ± 1.53 ^b
	PM2-D	0.23 ± 0.05 ^c	0.22 ± 0.09	0.01			-0.01 ± 0.08 ^b	-0.21 ± 0.24 ^b	74.67 ± 4.04 ^a
	PM4	0.48 ± 0.01 ^b	0.44 ± 0.12	0.04	0.22		0.52 ± 0.14 ^a	0.61 ± 0.18 ^a	29.67 ± 2.89 ^b
	PM6	0.46 ± 0.04 ^b	0.29 ± 0.13	0.17	0.12	0.02	-0.09 ± 0.12 ^b	0.51 ± 0.14 ^a	28.00 ± 11.53 ^b

年份 Year	处理编号 Treatment number	产量 Yield (kg·m^-2)		超产 Overyielding (kg·m^-2)			超产效应1 Transgressive overyielding effect 1 (OV₁)	超产效应2 Transgressive overyielding effect 2 (OV₂)	豆科产量比 Legume proportion (%)
年份 Year	处理编号 Treatment number	混播处理 Mixed treatment	单播对照 Monoculture control	与单播相比 Difference by monoculture control	与PM2相比 Difference by PM2	与PM4相比 Difference by PM4	超产效应1 Transgressive overyielding effect 1 (OV₁)	超产效应2 Transgressive overyielding effect 2 (OV₂)	豆科产量比 Legume proportion (%)
2013	AM2	1.26 ± 0.11 ^a	1.22 ± 0.37	0.04			0.07 ± 0.14 ^b	0.08 ± 0.05 ^b	12.33 ± 1.52 ^c
	PM2-A	0.70 ± 0.06 ^b	0.39 ± 0.12	0.28			0.77 ± 0.13 ^a	0.92 ± 0.24 ^a	21.67 ± 5.40 ^b
	PM2-B	0.68 ± 0.12 ^b	0.40 ± 0.15	0.28			0.15 ± 0.09 ^b	0.62 ± 0.21 ^ab	27.03 ± 17.02 ^b
	PM2-C	0.28 ± 0.07 ^c	0.22 ± 0.06	0.06			-0.09 ± 0.04 ^c	-0.31 ± 0.17 ^c	34.00 ± 5.53 ^b
	PM2-D	0.28 ± 0.05 ^c	0.24 ± 0.13	0.04			-0.13 ± 0.11 ^c	0.08 ± 0.03 ^b	81.67 ± 3.47 ^a
	PM4	0.73 ± 0.07 ^b	0.31 ± 0.06	0.42	0.42		0.86 ± 0.15 ^a	1.54 ± 0.35 ^a	29.33 ± 3.79 ^b
	PM6	0.63 ± 0.10 ^b	0.28 ± 0.10	0.35	0.32	0.32	0.62 ± 0.15 ^a	1.30 ± 0.24 ^a	32.33 ± 18.13 ^b
2014	AM2	0.75 ± 0.05 ^a	0.79 ± 0.33	-0.04			-0.15 ± 0.06 ^c	-0.06 ± 0.06 ^cd	32.33 ± 1.53 ^b
	PM2-A	0.33 ± 0.01 ^bc	0.14 ± 0.02	0.19			0.55 ± 0.17 ^b	0.19 ± 0.06 ^b	10.00 ± 9.64 ^d
	PM2-B	0.26 ± 0.04 ^cd	0.09 ± 0.03	0.17			0.23 ± 0.13 ^b	0.07 ± 0.03 ^cd	21.33 ± 11.59 ^c
	PM2-C	0.19 ± 0.01 ^d	0.16 ± 0.11	0.03			-0.02 ± 0.01 ^c	-0.15 ± 0.10 ^d	15.67 ± 5.13 ^cd
	PM2-D	0.15 ± 0.03 ^d	0.10 ± 0.07	0.05			0.30 ± 0.12 ^b	0.10 ± 0.02 ^b	52.33 ± 15.57 ^a
	PM4	0.41 ± 0.03 ^b	0.13 ± 0.06	0.28	0.18		1.01 ± 0.17 ^a	0.36 ± 0.03 ^a	13.67 ± 6.43 ^cd
	PM6	0.35 ± 0.04 ^bc	0.32 ± 0.21	0.03	0.12	0.22	-0.76 ± 0.02 ^d	-0.07 ± 0.04 ^cd	12.00 ± 6.56 ^cd
2015	AM2	0.36 ± 0.03 ^a	0.21 ± 0.10	0.16			0.17 ± 0.14 ^a	0.80 ± 0.17 ^a	29.33 ± 8.33 ^c
	PM2-A	0.25 ± 0.04 ^c	0.27 ± 0.07	-0.02			0.01 ± 0.09 ^ab	0.64 ± 0.18 ^ab	4.33 ± 1.15 ^d
	PM2-B	0.29 ± 0.02 ^b	0.39 ± 0.16	-0.10			-0.04 ± 0.06 ^b	0.25 ± 0.11 ^b	10.67 ± 0.58 ^d
	PM2-C	0.33 ± 0.03 ^ab	0.37 ± 0.15	-0.04			-0.30 ± 0.12 ^d	-0.08 ± 0.04 ^c	8.33 ± 2.31 ^d
	PM2-D	0.36 ± 0.01 ^a	0.31 ± 0.13	0.05			-0.06 ± 0.13 ^b	-0.18 ± 0.11 ^c	80.67 ± 4.04 ^a
	PM4	0.25 ± 0.03 ^b	0.87 ± 0.29	-0.62	-0.08		-0.31 ± 0.06 ^d	-0.07 ± 0.06 ^c	42.26 ± 4.62 ^b
	PM6	0.31 ± 0.01 ^b	0.27 ± 0.14	0.04	-0.02	-0.56	-0.21 ± 0.06 ^bc	0.29 ± 0.06 ^bc	21.67 ± 2.31 ^c
3年平均值 Three years average	AM2	0.80 ± 0.25 ^a	0.74 ± 0.34	0.06			0.03 ± 0.07 ^b	0.27 ± 0.10 ^a	21.33 ± 2.08 ^b
	PM2-A	0.46 ± 0.10 ^b	0.27 ± 0.08	0.19			0.44 ± 0.10 ^a	0.58 ± 0.12 ^a	21.00 ± 10.44 ^b
	PM2-B	0.43 ± 0.07 ^b	0.29 ± 0.17	0.14			0.10 ± 0.23 ^ab	0.15 ± 0.20 ^ab	23.33 ± 10.41 ^b
	PM2-C	0.26 ± 0.03 ^c	0.25 ± 0.12	0.01			0.04 ± 0.10 ^b	-0.20 ± 0.10 ^b	19.33 ± 1.53 ^b
	PM2-D	0.23 ± 0.05 ^c	0.22 ± 0.09	0.01			-0.01 ± 0.08 ^b	-0.21 ± 0.24 ^b	74.67 ± 4.04 ^a
	PM4	0.48 ± 0.01 ^b	0.44 ± 0.12	0.04	0.22		0.52 ± 0.14 ^a	0.61 ± 0.18 ^a	29.67 ± 2.89 ^b
	PM6	0.46 ± 0.04 ^b	0.29 ± 0.13	0.17	0.12	0.02	-0.09 ± 0.12 ^b	0.51 ± 0.14 ^a	28.00 ± 11.53 ^b

参数 Parameter	变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	均方根 Mean square	F	p
产量 Yield	混播物种 Mixed species	6	0.852	12.756	0.000^**
	混播比例 Mixed proportion	2	0.005	0.080	0.923
	年份 Year	2	18.983	96.640	0.000^**
	混播物种×混播比例 Mixed species × Mixed proportion	9	0.017	0.262	0.994
	混播物种×年份 Mixed species × Year	9	2.746	13.978	0.000^**
	混播比例×年份 Mixed proportion ×Year	4	0.013	0.068	0.991
	混播物种×混播比例×年份 Mixed species × Mixed proportion × Year	12	0.046	0.235	0.996
	误差 Error	171	0.067
	总计 Total	192
互补效应 Complementary effect	混播物种 Mixed species	3	0.665	10.564	0.000^**
	混播比例 Mixed proportion	2	0.030	0.473	0.625
	年份 Year	2	0.285	20.190	0.000^**
	混播物种×混播比例 Mixed species × Mixed proportion	6	0.070	1.106	0.365
	混播物种×年份 Mixed species × Year	6	0.130	9.221	0.000^**
	混播比例×年份 Mixed proportion × Year	4	0.018	1.258	0.295
	混播物种×混播比例×年份 Mixed species × Mixed proportion × Year	12	0.006	0.445	0.939
	误差 Error	96	0.063
	总计 Total	108
选择效应 Selection effect	混播物种 Mixed species	3	1.324	12.407	0.000^**
	混播比例 Mixed proportion	2	0.004	0.035	0.966
	年份 Year	2	0.337	1.148	0.323
	混播物种×混播比例 Mixed species × Mixed proportion	6	0.033	0.313	0.929
	混播物种×年份 Mixed species × Year	6	5.210	17.742	0.000^**
	混播比例×年份 Mixed proportion × Year	4	0.134	0.455	0.768
	混播物种×混播比例×年份 Mixed species × Mixed proportion × Year	12	0.137	0.468	0.927
	误差 Error	96	0.107
	总计 Total	108
多样性净效应 Net effect of biodiversity	混播物种 Mixed species	3	0.143	4.168	0.008^**
	混播比例 Mixed proportion	2	0.022	0.630	0.535
	年份 Year	2	1.405	15.086	0.000^**
	混播物种×混播比例 Mixed species × Mixed proportion	6	0.022	0.637	0.701
	混播物种×年份 Mixed species × Year	6	2.450	26.300	0.000^**
	混播比例×年份 Mixed proportion × Year	4	0.007	0.077	0.989
	混播物种×混播比例×年份 Mixed species × Mixed proportion × Year	12	0.058	0.625	0.815
	误差 Error	96	0.034
	总计 Total	108

一年生和多年生豆禾混播草地超产与多样性效应的比较

Comparison of transgressive overyielding effect and plant diversity effects of annual and perennial legume-grass mixtures

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年份 Year	处理编号 Treatment number	拟合曲线 Fitting curve	R²	p
2013	AM2	y = -1.3682x² + 1.0218x + 1.1065	0.282 5	>0.05
	PM2-A	y = -1.0161x² + 1.4789x + 0.1569	0.688 1	<0.01
	PM4	y = -1.6284x² + 1.8951x + 0.1763	0.667 3	<0.01
	PM6	y = -1.3567x² + 1.624x + 0.1476	0.601 7	<0.01
2014	AM2	y = -0.0333x + 0.7827	0.002 7	>0.05
	PM2-A	y = -0.6501x²+ 0.5594x + 0.2012	0.416 8	<0.05
	PM4	y = -1.2421x² + 1.2671x + 0.0981	0.777 1	<0.01
	PM6	y = 0.3897x + 0.1251	0.769 9	<0.01
2015	AM2	y = -0.6322x² + 0.8796x + 0.0887	0.782 0	<0.01
	PM2-A	y = -0.2212x² + 0.1058x + 0.3687	0.307 4	<0.05
	PM4	y = -1.125x³ + 1.7721x² - 0.7338x + 0.3097	0.603 1	<0.01
	PM6	y = -0.1765x² + 0.0925x + 0.3122	0.535 4	<0.01
3年平均值 Three years average	AM2	y = -0.7384x² + 0.7472x + 0.6114	0.042 2	>0.05
	PM2-A	y = -0.5024x² + 0.6473x + 0.2434	0.164 4	<0.05
	PM4	y = -0.9286x² + 1.0004x + 0.1930	0.258 7	<0.05
	PM6	y = -0.5301x² + 0.7211x + 0.1922	0.237 5	<0.05

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