气候因子对青藏高原植被生长的时间效应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0163

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 18-26.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0163

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；青藏高原植物生态学：生态系统生态学

气候因子对青藏高原植被生长的时间效应

刘宁¹^,², 彭守璋³^,^*(), 陈云明³

¹中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2021-04-28 接受日期:2021-08-19 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-04-13
通讯作者: 彭守璋
作者简介:*(szp@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0603);国家自然科学基金(42077451)

Temporal effects of climate factors on vegetation growth on the Qingzang Plateau, China

Ning LIU¹^,², Shou-Zhang PENG³^,^*(), Yun-Ming CHEN³

¹Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and 3 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

Received:2021-04-28 Accepted:2021-08-19 Online:2022-01-20 Published:2022-04-13
Contact: Shou-Zhang PENG
Supported by:
the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program(2019QZKK0603);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077451)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植被生长与气候存在着不对称的时间关系, 考虑气候因子对植被生长的时间效应可为准确理解植被与气候关系、预测植被对全球气候变化的动态响应提供重要科学依据。该研究基于MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)、气候以及植被类型数据, 通过构建气候与植被NDVI之间的4种时间效应方程, 揭示了气候因子对青藏高原植被生长的时间效应以及影响植被生长的主导因子。在4种时间效应中, 同时考虑气候滞后和累加效应对植被生长的解释度最高(47%), 相比于不考虑时间效应, 其解释度可整体提高4%-18%; 同时考虑气候滞后和累加效应时, 青藏高原有超过43%的区域受时间滞后与累加联合效应的影响, 只受时间累加效应或滞后效应影响的区域面积次之, 而不受时间效应影响的区域面积最小; 青藏高原NDVI与降水的偏相关性整体上高于其与气温的偏相关性, 其中降水占主导地位的区域主要分布在青藏高原东北部和西南部, 面积占比约为40.1%, 而气温占主导地位的区域集中在青藏高原中部和东南部, 面积占比约为29.7%。

关键词: 气候因子, 归一化植被指数(NDVI), 时间滞后效应, 时间累加效应, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aims The relationships between temporal changes in vegetation growth and climate change tend to be asymmetric. Considering the temporal effects of climate factors on vegetation growth can provide important scientific basis for accurately understanding vegetation-climate relationships and predicting the dynamic responses of vegetation to global climate change. Methods Based on the MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), climate, and vegetation type data, this study investigated the temporal effects of climate factors on vegetation growth and the dominant factors influencing vegetation growth on the Qingzang Plateau through establishing four temporal effects equations between climate and vegetation NDVI. Important findings Among the four temporal effects, models considering both time lag and accumulation effects had the highest explanation degree (47%). Compared with model without considering temporal effect, the explanation power of the time lag and accumulation effects on vegetation would increase by 4%-18%. Vegetation dynamics on more than 43% of the Qingzang Plateau was dominated by the combined effects of time lag and accumulation, followed by the area only affected by time accumulation or lag effects, and the area without time effect. The partial correlation coefficient between NDVI and precipitation (0.25 ± 0.56) was overall higher than it between NDVI and temperature (0.08 ± 0.6). The areas dominated by the precipitation were mainly distributed on the northeast and southwest of the Qingzang Plateau with an area ratio of 40.1%, whereas the areas dominated by temperature were largely distributed on the center and southeast of the Qingzang Plateau with an area ratio of 29.7%. These research results can provide basic judgments for the relationships between vegetation growth and climate on the Qingzang Plateau.

Key words: climate factor, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), time lag effect, time accumulation effect, Qingzang Plateau

刘宁, 彭守璋, 陈云明. 气候因子对青藏高原植被生长的时间效应. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(1): 18-26. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0163

Ning LIU, Shou-Zhang PENG, Yun-Ming CHEN. Temporal effects of climate factors on vegetation growth on the Qingzang Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(1): 18-26. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0163

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0163

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I1/18

图/表 8

图1 青藏高原2018年土地覆盖类型。

Fig. 1 Land cover types of the Qingzang Plateau in 2018.

表1 青藏高原不同植被类型在4种时间效应下的平均决定系数

Table 1 Average determination coefficients of different vegetation types under assumptions of four time lag accumulation effects on the Qingzang Plateau

土地覆盖类型 Land cover type	R²_No	R²_Lag	R²_Acc	R²_Lagacc
常绿针叶林 Evergreen needleleaf forests	0.45	0.46	0.47	0.50
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forests	0.39	0.42	0.43	0.47
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broadleaf forests	0.41	0.41	0.43	0.46
混交林 Mixed forests	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.49
稀疏灌丛 Sparse shrublands	0.37	0.40	0.41	0.44
木本稀树草原 Woody savannas	0.42	0.43	0.44	0.47
稀树草原 Savannas	0.42	0.41	0.43	0.47
草地 Grasslands	0.40	0.41	0.44	0.47
永久性湿地 Permanent wetlands	0.49	0.48	0.48	0.51
耕地 Croplands	0.40	0.42	0.43	0.47

图2 青藏高原不同植被类型在同时考虑时间滞后与累积效应(Lagacc)下多元线性回归模型决定系数的空间格局(A)以及在Lagacc与不考虑时间效应(No)下决定系数的空间差异(B)。

Fig. 2 Spatial pattern of determination coefficients (R2) evaluated by models considering both time lag and accumulation effects (Lagacc)(A), and spatial difference of R2 values between Lagacc model and that without considering the time effect (No)(B) of different vegetation types on the Qingzang Plateau.

表2 同时考虑时间滞后与累积效应下气温与降水在青藏高原各植被类型上的滞后和累加月份

Table 2 Time lag and accumulation months of air temperature and precipitation on each vegetation type on the Qingzang Plateau evaluated by models considering both time lag and accumulation effects

土地覆盖类型 Land cover type	样本数 No. of samples	气温 Air temperature		降水 Precipitation
土地覆盖类型 Land cover type	样本数 No. of samples	滞后月份 Lag months	累加月份 Accumulation months	滞后月份 Lag months	累加月份 Accumulation months
常绿针叶林 Evergreen needleleaf forests	48 030	1.54	4.60	1.63	4.69
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forests	29 667	1.51	4.72	1.70	5.66
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broadleaf forests	4 519	1.66	4.81	1.68	4.91
混交林 Mixed forests	50 746	1.56	4.72	1.69	5.20
稀疏灌丛 Sparse shrublands	7 125	1.94	4.89	1.50	4.72
木本稀树草原 Woody savannas	60 536	1.54	4.55	1.65	4.66
热带草原 Savannas	10 940	1.60	4.48	1.68	5.13
草地 Grasslands	1 433 101	1.61	4.32	1.45	5.19
永久性湿地 Permanent wetlands	404	1.41	4.48	1.51	4.49
耕地 Croplands	5 755	1.47	3.91	1.19	4.76

表3 同时考虑时间滞后与累积效应下气温与降水在青藏高原各植被类型上呈现的时间效应所占面积比例(%)

Table 3 Area proportion (%) of temporal effects of air temperature and precipitation on each vegetation type on the Qingzang Plateau evaluated by models considering both time lag and accumulation effects

土地覆盖类型 Land cover type	气温 Air temperature				降水 Precipitation
土地覆盖类型 Land cover type	无时间效应 No	滞后效应 Lag	累加效应 Acc	滞后与累加的联合效应 Combined	无时间效应 No	滞后效应 Lag	累加效应 Acc	滞后与累加的联合效应 Combined
常绿针叶林 Evergreen needleleaf forests	12.55	13.25	19.88	54.32	6.86	17.42	18.42	57.30
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forests	8.06	17.53	21.84	52.57	7.07	14.74	16.66	61.53
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broadleaf forests	10.87	14.25	16.33	58.55	6.40	15.71	16.33	61.56
混交林 Mixed forests	11.30	14.64	19.19	54.86	5.92	14.45	16.59	63.04
稀疏灌丛 Sparse shrublands	7.00	18.68	14.04	60.28	6.68	14.47	22.44	56.41
木本稀树草原 Woody savannas	12.51	14.04	19.89	53.56	7.06	16.62	17.20	59.12
稀树草原 Savannas	10.55	17.88	19.18	52.39	6.72	12.49	14.95	65.84
草地 Grasslands	13.55	17.43	18.22	50.81	8.07	12.57	24.65	54.71
永久性湿地 Permanent wetlands	11.88	13.86	24.75	49.50	7.67	14.11	23.51	54.70
耕地 Croplands	15.79	19.29	18.45	46.46	8.44	12.23	29.17	50.15

图3 同时考虑时间滞后与累积效应下气温(A)和降水(B)对青藏高原植被生长的滞后与累加月份。Lag-0、Lag-1、Lag-2、Lag-3分别表示滞后0、1、2、3个月, 0-11表示累加月。

Fig. 3 Time lag and accumulation months of air temperature (A) and precipitation (B) on vegetation growth on the Qingzang Plateau evaluated by models considering both time lag and accumulation effects. Lag-0, Lag-1, Lag-2 and Lag-3 represent the lag of 0, 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively, and 0-11 represent the accumulation months.

图4 同时考虑时间滞后与累积效应下青藏高原归一化植被指数(NDVI)与气温(A)和降水(B)偏相关系数的青藏高原空间分布。

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of partial correlation coefficients between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and air temperature (A)/precipitation (B) on the Qingzang Plateau evaluated by models considering both time lag and accumulation effects.

图5 同时考虑时间滞后与累积效应下主导青藏高原植被生长的气候因子空间分布。

Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of dominant climate factors on vegetation growth on the Qingzang Plateau evaluated by models considering both time lag and accumulation effects.

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气候因子对青藏高原植被生长的时间效应

Temporal effects of climate factors on vegetation growth on the Qingzang Plateau, China

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