中国兜兰属宽瓣亚属植物地理分布格局及其主导气候因子

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0241

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 40-50.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0241

中国兜兰属宽瓣亚属植物地理分布格局及其主导气候因子

张央¹, 安明态¹^,^*(), 武建勇², 刘锋¹, 汪伟¹

¹贵州大学林学院, 贵州大学生物多样性与自然保护研究中心, 贵阳 550025
²生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042

收稿日期:2021-06-29 接受日期:2021-09-07 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-04-13
通讯作者: 安明态
作者简介:*(gdanmingtai@126.com)
基金资助:
生态环境部“生物多样性调查观测和评估”(8-3-7-20-3);国家自然科学基金(31960042)

Geographical distribution pattern and dominant climatic factors of the Paphiopedilum Subgen. Brachypetalum in China

Yang ZHANG¹, Ming-Tai AN¹^,^*(), Jian-Yong WU², Feng LIU¹, Wei WANG¹

¹Forestry of College, Research Center for Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
²Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China

Received:2021-06-29 Accepted:2021-09-07 Online:2022-01-20 Published:2022-04-13
Contact: Ming-Tai AN
Supported by:
Supported by the Biodiversity Survey, Observation and Assessment Programme of Ministry of Ecology and Environment(8-3-7-20-3);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960042)

1. 附件I 中国兜兰属宽瓣亚属植物在中国的地理分布及核密度图.pdf(380KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确兜兰属宽瓣亚属(Paphiopedilum Subgen. Brachypetalum)植物在中国的自然地理分布格局及其主导气候因子,该研究以7种宽瓣亚属植物为研究对象并利用ArcGIS技术提取其在中国194个地理分布点的气候数据, 采用描述性统计分析宽瓣亚属植物在中国分布区的气候特点, 采用逐步回归拟合各气候因子与其经纬度分布的线性关系, 最后通过冗余分析(RDA)和蒙特卡洛(Monte-Carlo)检验量化各气候因子对宽瓣亚属植物地理分布的贡献率。结果表明: (1)宽瓣亚属植物在中国主要分布于滇东南、黔西南、黔南、黔东北、滇西北、桂北与黔南交界处以及桂西北至桂西南地区。(2)该亚属植物在中国分布区的昼夜温差月均值、年平均气温变化范围、最暖季度平均气温、最冷季度平均气温4项热量因子的平均值分别为8.13、23.70、23.62和9.23 ℃, 降水量变异系数、最湿季度降水量、最干季度降水量、干旱指数4项水分因子平均值分别为75.66%、673.10 mm、73.97 mm和26.12%, 整体上具有湿热的气候特点; 各物种间, 狭域分布的物种与广布种间的气候因子存在显著差异。(3)逐步回归分析表明, 各拟合方程均达到极显著水平, 昼夜温差月均值、最暖季度平均气温、最冷季度平均气温、降水量变异系数、最干季度降水量、干旱指数是影响中国宽瓣亚属植物沿经度分布的主要因子; 最冷季度平均气温、最湿季度降水量、年平均气温变化范围、最干季度降水量、降水量变异系数是影响中国宽瓣亚属植物沿纬度分布的主要因子。(4) RDA结果显示, 气候因子在第1轴的解释率为73.32%, 在第2轴的解释率为21.29%, 累计解释率为94.61%, 各气候因子的解释率大小排序为: 昼夜温差月均值(57.8%) >最暖季度平均气温(41.5%) >年平均气温变化范围(38.3%) >最干季度降水量(23.1%) >最冷季度平均气温(16.9%) >降水量变异系数(13.7%) =最湿季度降水量(13.7%) >干旱指数(3.0%)。因此, 昼夜温差月均值、最暖季度平均气温、年平均气温变化范围3个气候因子是影响中国宽瓣亚属植物分布的主导气候因子。

关键词: 兜兰属宽瓣亚属植物, 气候因子, 分布格局, 冗余分析, 中国

Abstract:

Aims The purpose of this study is to clarify the distribution pattern and the dominant climatic factors of Paphiopedilum Subgen. Brachypetalum in China. Methods Seven species of Subgen. Brachypetalum were investigated as the research objects. The climatic data of 194 geographical distribution points were extracted by ArcGIS. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the climatic characteristics of the distribution area of the Subgen. Brachypetalum in China, and stepwise regression to fit the linear relationship between climatic factors and their latitude and longitude. Finally, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo-test were used to quantify the contribution of each climatic factor to the geographical distribution of the Subgen. Brachypetalum. Important findings 1) The Subgen. Brachypetalum plants are mainly distributed in southeastern Yunnan, southwestern Guizhou, south Guizhou, northeastern Guizhou, northwestern Yunnan, the junction of northern Guangxi and southern Guizhou, and from northwestern Guangxi to southwestern Guangxi. 2) The monthly mean diurnal temperature range, range of annual temperature, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest quarter in these distribution areas are 8.13, 23.70, 23.62 and 9.23 °C, respectively. The precipitation variation coefficient, precipitation of the wettest quarter, precipitation of the driest quarter and aridity index are 75.66%, 673.10 mm, 73.97 mm and 26.12%, respectively. As a whole, it has the characteristics of hot and humid climate. There were significant differences in climatic factors between species with narrow distribution and other widely distributed species. 3) Stepwise regression analysis showed that each fitting equation reached extremely significant level. Monthly mean diurnal temperature range, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation variation coefficient, precipitation of the driest quarter, aridity index are the main factors affecting the distribution of Subgen. Brachypetalum along longitude in China. Mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the wettest quarter, range of annual temperature, precipitation of the driest quarter, precipitation variation coefficient are the main factors affecting the distribution of Subgen. Brachypetalum along latitude in China. 4) According to the results of RDA analysis, the interpretation rate of climatic factors in the first axis was 73.32%, the interpretation rate in the second axis was 21.29%, and the cumulative interpretation rate was 94.61%. The order of the interpretation rate of climatic factors was: monthly mean diurnal temperature range (57.8%) > mean temperature of the warmest quarter (41.5%) > range of annual temperature (38.3%) > precipitation of the driest quarter (23.1%) > mean temperature of the coldest quarter (16.9%) > precipitation variation coefficient (13.7%) = precipitation of the wettest quarter (13.7%) > aridity index (3.0%). Therefore, monthly mean diurnal temperature range, mean temperature of the wettest quarter and range of annual temperature are the dominant climatic factors affecting the distribution of Subgen. Brachypetalum in China.

Key words: Paphiopedilum Subgen. Brachypetalum, climatic factor, distribution pattern, redundancy analysis, China

张央, 安明态, 武建勇, 刘锋, 汪伟. 中国兜兰属宽瓣亚属植物地理分布格局及其主导气候因子. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(1): 40-50. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0241

Yang ZHANG, Ming-Tai AN, Jian-Yong WU, Feng LIU, Wei WANG. Geographical distribution pattern and dominant climatic factors of the Paphiopedilum Subgen. Brachypetalum in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(1): 40-50. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0241

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图/表 8

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气候因子 Climatic factor	气候因子 Climatic factor
bio1 年平均气温 Annual mean temperature	bio12 年降水量 Annual precipitation
bio2 昼夜温差月均值 Monthly mean diurnal temperature range	bio13 最湿月降水量 Precipitation of the wettest month
bio3 等温性 Isothermality	bio14 最干月降水量 Precipitation of the driest month
bio4 温度季节性变化标准差 Standard deviation of temperature seasonal change	bio15 降水量变异系数 Precipitation variation coefficient
bio5 最暖月最高气温 Maximum temperature of the warmest month	bio16 最湿季度降水量 Precipitation of the wettest quarter
bio6 最冷月最低气温 Minimum temperature of the coldest month	bio17 最干季度降水量 Precipitation of the driest quarter
bio7 年平均气温变化范围 Range of annual temperature	bio18 最暖季度降水量 Precipitation of the warmest quarter
bio8 最湿季度平均气温 Mean temperature of the wettest quarter	bio19 最冷季度降水量 Precipitation of the coldest quarter
bio9 最干季度平均气温 Mean temperature of the driest quarter	AET 实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration
bio10 最暖季度平均气温 Mean temperature of the warmest quarter	PET 潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration
bio11 最冷季度平均气温 Mean temperature of the coldest quarter

气候因子 Climatic factor	气候因子 Climatic factor
bio1 年平均气温 Annual mean temperature	bio12 年降水量 Annual precipitation
bio2 昼夜温差月均值 Monthly mean diurnal temperature range	bio13 最湿月降水量 Precipitation of the wettest month
bio3 等温性 Isothermality	bio14 最干月降水量 Precipitation of the driest month
bio4 温度季节性变化标准差 Standard deviation of temperature seasonal change	bio15 降水量变异系数 Precipitation variation coefficient
bio5 最暖月最高气温 Maximum temperature of the warmest month	bio16 最湿季度降水量 Precipitation of the wettest quarter
bio6 最冷月最低气温 Minimum temperature of the coldest month	bio17 最干季度降水量 Precipitation of the driest quarter
bio7 年平均气温变化范围 Range of annual temperature	bio18 最暖季度降水量 Precipitation of the warmest quarter
bio8 最湿季度平均气温 Mean temperature of the wettest quarter	bio19 最冷季度降水量 Precipitation of the coldest quarter
bio9 最干季度平均气温 Mean temperature of the driest quarter	AET 实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration
bio10 最暖季度平均气温 Mean temperature of the warmest quarter	PET 潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration
bio11 最冷季度平均气温 Mean temperature of the coldest quarter

气候因子 Climatic factor	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval		最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
气候因子 Climatic factor	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	下限 Lowerbound	上限 Upperbound	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
bio2	8.13	0.92	11.35	8.00	8.26	6.89	12.81
bio7	23.70	2.23	9.43	23.38	24.01	19.13	28.81
bio10	23.62	2.33	9.88	23.29	23.95	12.67	28.25
bio11	9.23	2.46	26.69	8.88	9.58	1.27	15.78
bio15	75.66	8.38	11.07	74.48	76.85	58.24	95.15
bio16	673.10	95.06	14.12	659.64	686.57	464.63	1 008.09
bio17	73.97	19.94	26.95	71.15	76.80	37.35	166.35
AI	26.12	2.39	9.16	25.78	26.46	18.40	36.29

气候因子 Climatic factor	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval		最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
气候因子 Climatic factor	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	下限 Lowerbound	上限 Upperbound	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
bio2	8.13	0.92	11.35	8.00	8.26	6.89	12.81
bio7	23.70	2.23	9.43	23.38	24.01	19.13	28.81
bio10	23.62	2.33	9.88	23.29	23.95	12.67	28.25
bio11	9.23	2.46	26.69	8.88	9.58	1.27	15.78
bio15	75.66	8.38	11.07	74.48	76.85	58.24	95.15
bio16	673.10	95.06	14.12	659.64	686.57	464.63	1 008.09
bio17	73.97	19.94	26.95	71.15	76.80	37.35	166.35
AI	26.12	2.39	9.16	25.78	26.46	18.40	36.29

物种 Species	分布区 Distribution	海拔范围 Altitude range (m)	分布点个数 Number of distribution points
硬叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum micranthum	黔西南至黔南、黔中、黔东北、桂北、滇东南 Southwestern Guizhou to southern Guizhou, central Guizhou, northeastern Guizhou, northern Guangxi and southeastern Yunnan	333-1 648	77
同色兜兰 P. concolor	广西西南地区一带 Southwestern Guangxi	155-1 286	23
麻栗坡兜兰 P. malipoense	滇东南、黔南、黔西南、桂北 Southeastern Yunnan, southern Guizhou, Southwestern Guizhou and northern Guangxi	361-1 267	20
巨瓣兜兰 P. bellatulum	北盘江流域、黔西南 Beipanjiang River Basin, southwestern Guizhou	560-1 442	39
白花兜兰 P. emersonii	贵州黔南与广西北部地区 Southern Guizhou and northern Guangxi	259-811	14
文山兜兰 P. wenshanense	滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan	780-1 641	8
杏黄兜兰 P. armeniacum	云南怒江流域 Nujiang River Basin in Yunnan	1 696-2 024	13

中国兜兰属宽瓣亚属植物地理分布格局及其主导气候因子

Geographical distribution pattern and dominant climatic factors of the Paphiopedilum Subgen. Brachypetalum in China

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物种 Species	bio2	bio7	bio 10	bio 11	bio 15	bio 16	bio 17	AI
白花兜兰 Paphiopedilum emersonii	7.55 ± 0.24^a	25.51 ± 1.53^e	25.50 ± 1.13^de	9.03 ± 1.99^b	69.07 ± 3.97^b	678.94 ± 66.59^b	103.15 ± 11.03^d	27.44 ± 1.39^d
巨瓣兜兰 P. bellatulum	8.39 ± 0.81^b	23.32 ± 0.74^cd	23.26 ± 1.08^c	9.34 ± 1.05^b	79.86 ± 1.93^c	664.68 ± 29.74^b	62.76 ± 4.37^b	24.97 ± 0.71^b
麻栗坡兜兰 P. malipoense	7.81 ± 0.35^a	24.64 ± 2.10^e	24.90 ± 1.06^d	9.39 ± 1.57^b	74.90 ± 8.71^c	694.30 ± 90.58^bc	81.42 ± 21.34^c	26.74 ± 1.77^cd
同色兜兰 P. concolor	7.85 ± 1.14^a	21.36 ± 1.00^ab	26.31 ± 2.30^e	13.83 ± 1.64^d	78.80 ± 5.40^c	742.76 ± 78.63^c	81.92 ± 20.49^c	26.00 ± 2.85^bcd
文山兜兰 P. wenshanense	9.76 ± 0.33^c	20.77 ± 0.48^a	21.71 ± 1.35^b	11.33 ± 1.78^c	86.51 ± 1.76^d	650.71 ± 40.76^b	46.37 ± 4.16^a	22.63 ± 2.03^a
杏黄兜兰 P. armeniacum	10.17 ± 0.34^d	22.37 ± 0.28^bc	19.37 ± 0.60^a	7.71 ± 1.97^a	63.18 ± 0.78^a	564.99 ± 44.68^a	71.92 ± 2.66^bc	25.80 ± 1.58^bc
硬叶兜兰 P. micranthum	7.76 ± 0.34^a	24.53 ± 2.47^de	23.31 ± 1.68^c	7.84 ± 1.62^a	74.97 ± 9.28^c	670.58 ± 117.27^b	73.26 ± 20.11^bc	26.75 ± 2.69^cd

地理分布格局 Geographical distribution pattern	逐步线性回归模型 Stepwise linear regression model	R²	F	p
经度 Longitude	X = -2.25bio2 + 124.02	0.758	600.285	<0.001
	X = -1.74bio2 + 0.35bio10 + 111.54	0.838	94.726	<0.001
	X = -1.21bio2 + 0.65bio10 - 0.32bio11 + 103.26	0.891	91.150	<0.001
	X = -0.82bio2 + 0.95bio10 - 0.63bio11 + 0.09bio15 + 89.06	0.935	130.311	<0.001
	X = -0.69bio2 + 0.9bio10 - 0.68bio11 + 0.13bio15 + 0.03bio17 + 84.75	0.951	62.588	<0.001
	X = -0.77bio2 + 0.79bio10 - 0.69bio11 + 0.17bio15 + 0.05bio17 - 0.15AI + 87.53	0.960	38.160	<0.001
纬度 Latitude	Y = -0.451bio11 + 29.15	0.692	431.026	<0.001
	Y = -0.33bio11 - 0.01bio16 + 32.03	0.821	137.420	<0.001
	Y = -0.27bio11 - 0.01bio16 + 0.16bio7 + 26.82	0.860	53.763	<0.001
	Y = -0.24bio11 - 0.004bio16 + 0.23bio7 - 0.01bio17 + 25.05	0.870	13.733	<0.001
	Y = -0.19bio11 + 0.001bio16 + 0.25bio7 - 0.03bio17 - 0.09bio15 + 29.06	0.899	54.910	<0.001

气候因子 Climatic factor	重要性 Importance	解释率 Interpretation ratio (%)	F	p
bio2	1	57.8	263.0	0.002
bio10	2	41.5	136.0	0.002
bio7	3	38.3	119.0	0.002
bio17	4	23.1	57.6	0.002
bio11	5	16.9	39.0	0.002
bio15	6	13.7	30.6	0.002
bio16	7	13.7	30.4	0.002
AI	8	3.0	5.9	0.01

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