排露沟流域不同海拔灌丛土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0082

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1422-1431.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0082

所属专题：生态化学计量；青藏高原植物生态学：植物-土壤-微生物

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

排露沟流域不同海拔灌丛土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征

牟文博¹, 徐当会¹^,^*(), 王谢军¹, 敬文茂², 张瑞英¹, 顾玉玲¹, 姚广前¹, 祁世华¹, 张龙¹, 苟亚飞¹

¹兰州大学生态学院, 草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000
²甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院, 甘肃张掖 734099

收稿日期:2022-03-07 接受日期:2022-07-01 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-09-06
通讯作者: *徐当会(dhxu@lzu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32171611);甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RA454);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0301)

Soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry along an altitude gradient in shrublands in Pailugou watershed, China

MOU Wen-Bo¹, XU Dang-Hui¹^,^*(), WANG Xie-Jun¹, JING Wen-Mao², ZHANG Rui-Ying¹, GU Yu-Ling¹, YAO Guang-Qian¹, QI Shi-Hua¹, ZHANG Long¹, GOU Ya-Fei¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
²Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province, Zhangye, Gansu 734099, China

Received:2022-03-07 Accepted:2022-07-01 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-09-06
Contact: *XU Dang-Hui(dhxu@lzu.edu.cn)
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171611);The Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(22JR5RA454);The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)(2019QZKK0301)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究海拔梯度上土壤养分化学计量特征的空间分布格局, 有助于明确山地生态系统的土壤养分限制状况, 揭示其潜在的影响因素, 为区域生态环境保护和植被恢复调控工作提供科学依据。该研究选取祁连山排露沟流域海拔3 100-3 700 m的灌丛样地, 采集0-10和10-20 cm层土壤样品, 分析有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)含量及其化学计量比在不同海拔、不同土层间的分布规律及其与气候因子、灌丛地上生物量和土壤pH的相关性。结果表明: (1)土壤养分更多地聚集在土壤表层, 各土层土壤SOC、TN含量均随海拔升高先增加后降低, TP含量持续增加。(2)土壤N:P在海拔3 100-3 400 m呈上升趋势, 于3 400 m处达到最大值, 之后呈下降趋势且N:P < 14, 说明土壤N限制增加。高海拔地区的土壤C:P明显低于中低海拔处, C:N则在海拔梯度上总体呈下降趋势。(3) SOC与TN含量呈极显著正相关关系, 与TP含量呈显著负相关关系, TN与TP含量之间无显著相关性。(4)土壤TN含量不受年平均气温和生长季降水量的影响。SOC含量及C:N:P均与气温和生长季降水量显著正相关, 而TP含量与其负相关。土壤SOC、TN含量与灌丛地上生物量呈正相关关系。土壤pH与TP含量存在负相关关系, 而对SOC和TN含量无显著影响。研究显示流域内高寒灌丛植物生产力受N制约严重, 适量增施氮肥有助于缓解高寒地区土壤N的限制性作用。

关键词: 海拔梯度, 土壤养分, 化学计量, 气候因子, 祁连山, 排露沟流域

Abstract:

Aims The study of the spatial distribution pattern of soil nutrient stoichiometry along the altitude gradient is helpful to clarify the status of nutrient limitation in the mountainous ecosystems, to reveal the potential influencing factors to nutrient limitation, and to provide a scientific basis for regional ecological protection and vegetation restoration.
Methods The sampling plots were established along an altitude gradient from 3 100 m to 3 700 m in Pailugou watershed of the Qilian Mountains. Soil samples from 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers were collected separately to analyze the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) contents, and stoichiometric characteristics among different altitude and soil layers. Correlations between these nutrient characteristics and climatic factors, aboveground biomass, and soil pH were analyzed.
Important findings Results showed that: (1) Soil nutrients were concentrated on the soil surface and decreased with soil depth. The SOC and TN contents increased initially and then decreased as altitude increased. Soil TP content increased with increasing altitude. (2) Soil N:P increased from 3 100 m to 3 400 m, reached the maximum value at 3 400 m, and then decreased with increasing altitude and soil N:P was less than 14, suggesting an increase in N limitation along the altitude gradient. The C:P in soil was lower at high altitude than that at medium or low altitude, while C:N decreased with increasing altitude. (3) SOC content was positively correlated with TN content and negatively correlated with TP content. TN and TP content had no significant correlation. (4) Mean air temperature and total precipitation in the growing season showed positive correlation with SOC content and C:N:P, negative correlation with TP content, and no correlation with TN content. SOC and TN content had positive correlations with the aboveground biomass of shrublands. Soil pH was negatively correlated with TP content, but did not affect SOC and TN content significantly. Our results indicate that the productivity of alpine shrublands in the watershed was mainly limited by N and an appropriate amount of N application could alleviate the limitation.

Key words: altitude gradient, soil nutrient, stoichiometry, climatic factor, Qilian Mountains, Pailugou watershed

牟文博, 徐当会, 王谢军, 敬文茂, 张瑞英, 顾玉玲, 姚广前, 祁世华, 张龙, 苟亚飞. 排露沟流域不同海拔灌丛土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(11): 1422-1431. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0082

MOU Wen-Bo, XU Dang-Hui, WANG Xie-Jun, JING Wen-Mao, ZHANG Rui-Ying, GU Yu-Ling, YAO Guang-Qian, QI Shi-Hua, ZHANG Long, GOU Ya-Fei. Soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry along an altitude gradient in shrublands in Pailugou watershed, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(11): 1422-1431. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0082

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图/表 5

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样地 Sampling plot	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Slope aspect (°)	生长季总降水量 Total precipitation of the growing season (mm)	生长季平均气温 Mean air temperature of the growing season (℃)	灌丛地上生物量(平均值±标准误) Aboveground biomass of shrublands (mean ± SE, g·m^-2)
1	3 100	21	27	425.05	9.80	41.61 ± 5.96
2	3 200	34	15	418.97	9.60	51.37 ± 3.92
3	3 300	36	9	411.47	8.83	73.20 ± 5.06
4	3 400	33	41	406.21	8.97	80.94 ± 12.15
5	3 500	36	56	388.11	8.26	75.98 ± 8.62
6	3 600	35	10	374.89	7.39	62.76 ± 5.40
7	3 700	33	34	358.00	6.99	44.23 ± 4.38

样地 Sampling plot	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Slope aspect (°)	生长季总降水量 Total precipitation of the growing season (mm)	生长季平均气温 Mean air temperature of the growing season (℃)	灌丛地上生物量(平均值±标准误) Aboveground biomass of shrublands (mean ± SE, g·m^-2)
1	3 100	21	27	425.05	9.80	41.61 ± 5.96
2	3 200	34	15	418.97	9.60	51.37 ± 3.92
3	3 300	36	9	411.47	8.83	73.20 ± 5.06
4	3 400	33	41	406.21	8.97	80.94 ± 12.15
5	3 500	36	56	388.11	8.26	75.98 ± 8.62
6	3 600	35	10	374.89	7.39	62.76 ± 5.40
7	3 700	33	34	358.00	6.99	44.23 ± 4.38

因素 Factor	SOC		TN		TP		SOC:TP		TN:TP		SOC:TN
因素 Factor	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
土层 Soil layer	38.143	0.000	51.785	0.000	24.710	0.000	12.338	0.002	6.329	0.018	0.426	0.519
海拔 Altitude	24.538	0.000	21.395	0.000	48.513	0.000	113.000	0.000	52.962	0.000	11.022	0.000
土层×海拔 Soil layer × altitude	0.377	0.887	0.899	0.509	0.411	0.865	0.695	0.656	0.408	0.868	1.025	0.430

因素 Factor	SOC		TN		TP		SOC:TP		TN:TP		SOC:TN
因素 Factor	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
土层 Soil layer	38.143	0.000	51.785	0.000	24.710	0.000	12.338	0.002	6.329	0.018	0.426	0.519
海拔 Altitude	24.538	0.000	21.395	0.000	48.513	0.000	113.000	0.000	52.962	0.000	11.022	0.000
土层×海拔 Soil layer × altitude	0.377	0.887	0.899	0.509	0.411	0.865	0.695	0.656	0.408	0.868	1.025	0.430

土壤养分 Soil nutrient	土层 Soil layer (cm)	SOC	TN	TP	SOC:TP	TN:TP	SOC:TN
TN	0-10	0.734^***
TN	10-20	0.570^**
TP	0-10	-0.568^**	-0.140
TP	10-20	-0.581^**	-0.277
SOC:TP	0-10	0.901^***	0.516^*	-0.846^***
SOC:TP	10-20	0.911^***	0.457^*	-0.857^***
TN:TP	0-10	0.866^***	0.746^***	-0.758^***	0.915^***
TN:TP	10-20	0.730^***	0.728^***	-0.846^***	0.864^***
SOC:TN	0-10	0.591^**	-0.065	-0.684^**	0.755^***	0.438^*
SOC:TN	10-20	0.734^***	-0.123	-0.520^*	0.739^***	0.305
pH	0-10	0.183	-0.154	-0.661^**	0.419	0.331	0.410
pH	10-20	0.342	0.187	-0.696^***	0.561^**	0.601^**	0.259
生长季总降水量 Total precipitation of the growing season	0-10	0.660^**	0.271	-0.943^***	0.885^***	0.798^***	0.717^***
生长季总降水量 Total precipitation of the growing season	10-20	0.666^**	0.280	-0.957^***	0.893^***	0.823^***	0.625^**
生长季平均气温 Mean air temperature of the growing season	0-10	0.600^**	0.202	-0.929^***	0.838^***	0.742^***	0.709^***
生长季平均气温 Mean air temperature of the growing season	10-20	0.581^**	0.250	-0.933^***	0.829^***	0.792^***	0.553^**
灌丛地上生物量 Aboveground biomass of shrubs	0-10	0.509^*	0.786^***	0.064	0.245	0.452*	-0.201
灌丛地上生物量 Aboveground biomass of shrubs	10-20	0.383	0.590^**	-0.042	0.214	0.338	-0.060

排露沟流域不同海拔灌丛土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征

Soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry along an altitude gradient in shrublands in Pailugou watershed, China

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