望天树人工幼林混交对土壤微生物功能多样性与碳源利用的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0296

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 1109-1124.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0296

所属专题：微生物生态学；碳循环

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

望天树人工幼林混交对土壤微生物功能多样性与碳源利用的影响

李万年¹, 罗益敏², 黄则月³, 杨梅¹^,^*()

¹广西大学林学院, 广西森林生态与保育重点实验室, 南宁 530004
²广西南宁良凤江国家森林公园, 南宁 530004
³扬州市林业有害生物检疫防治站, 江苏扬州 225000

收稿日期:2021-08-16 接受日期:2022-04-24 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2022-10-19
通讯作者: 杨梅
作者简介:* (fjyangmei@126.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31960307);广西自然科学基金(2018GXNSFAA28110);广西研究生教育创新计划资助项目(YCBZ2022036)

Effects of mixed young plantations of Parashorea chinensis on soil microbial functional diversity and carbon source utilization

LI Wan-Nian¹, LUO Yi-Min², HUANG Ze-Yue³, YANG Mei¹^,^*()

¹Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
²Guangxi Nanning Liangfengjiang National Forest Park, Nanning 530004, China
³Forestry Pest Management and Quarantine Station of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China

Received:2021-08-16 Accepted:2022-04-24 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-10-19
Contact: YANG Mei
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960307);Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2018GXNSFAA28110);Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCBZ2022036)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究望天树(Parashorea chinensis)在幼龄阶段分别与巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla)、降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera)混交对土壤微生物群落功能特征和碳源利用的影响, 以期为濒危树种望天树人工林培育模式和桉树纯林改造中的树种选择提供科学依据。该研究采用Biolog-ECO技术对比分析了望天树混交林和纯林土壤微生物对6类碳源的利用特点和代谢活性, 探讨微生物功能多样性的差异及与土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明: (1)望天树×巨尾桉混交林的Shannon-Wiener、Simpson和McIntosh多样性指数均最高, 其土壤微生物功能多样性显著高于纯林; (2)望天树混交林的土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力和代谢活性及微生物数量高于纯林, 并随土层加深而下降; 混交林和纯林的土壤微生物对酚酸类碳源的利用程度均最高、胺类次之、多聚物最低, 不同点在于混交林和纯林分别对氨基酸类、羧酸类碳源的依赖度更高; (3)望天树混交林土壤的含水率、总孔隙度以及有机质、全氮、全钾、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾等养分含量高于纯林; 并且除全磷和全钾外其他养分含量的垂直分布特征呈现出明显的表聚效应; (4)环境因子分析表明, 土壤pH、有机质、全钾和速效钾含量是造成混交林和纯林间以及不同土层间土壤微生物功能多样性和碳源利用存在明显差异的主要驱动因子。综上所述, 望天树混交造林模式对幼林土壤微生物群落及其生存环境有显著影响, 尤其与巨尾桉混交可以有效提高土壤微生物代谢活性和功能多样性, 促进凋落物和有机质的分解。与纯林相比, 望天树混交林在一定程度上改善了土壤质量和肥力, 为望天树幼树生长营造了较好的土壤环境和光照条件。

关键词: 望天树, 幼林, 土壤微生物, 功能多样性, 碳源利用, 土壤养分, 混交林

Abstract:

Aims This study aimed to study the effects of two young mixed plantations of Parashorea chinensis (an endangered native tree species) on the functional characteristics and carbon source utilization of the soil microbial community, so as to select the suitable afforestation mode of P. chinensis and maintain sustainable management of forests by changing pure Eucalyptus plantation into mixed plantations with heterogeneous structure.

Methods The functional diversity of soil microbes and their utilization of six carbon sources in mixed and pure plantations of P. chinensis were compared and analyzed using the Biolog-ECO technique, and a correlation analysis was further carried out incorporating soil physicochemical properties.

Important findings (1) The Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and McIntosh diversity index of the microbe community in mixed plantations of P. chinensis and E. grandis × E. urophylla were the highest, and their soil microbial functional diversity was significantly higher than that of pure plantations. (2) The carbon source utilization and microbial quantity of soil microbes in the mixed plantations were higher than those in the pure plantation, and decreased with the deepening of the soil layer. The utilization of phenolic acid by soil microbes in mixed and pure plantations was the highest, followed by amines, with polymers at the lowest level, and the difference was that mixed and pure plantations were more dependent on amino acids and carboxylic acids, respectively. (3) The soil moisture conditions and the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium and available nutrients in the mixed forest of P. chinensis were higher. In addition, the vertical distribution of other nutrients except total phosphorus and total potassium showed obvious surface aggregation. (4) Environmental factors analysis showed that soil pH, organic matter and potassium were the main driving factors causing significant differences in soil microbial functional diversity and carbon source utilization between mixed and pure plantations, as well as different soil layers. In summary, the mixed afforestation model of P. chinensis has a significant impact on soil microbial community and their habitats. Especially, P. chinensis mixing with E. grandis × E. urophylla may effectively improve the metabolic activity and functional diversity of soil microbes, and promote the decomposition of organic matter. Compared with the pure forest, the mixed forest improved soil quality and fertility to some extent, and created a better soil environment and light conditions for the growth of young P. chinensis saplings.

Key words: Parashorea chinensis, young plantation, soil microorganism, functional diversity, carbon source utilization, soil nutrient, mixed plantation

李万年, 罗益敏, 黄则月, 杨梅. 望天树人工幼林混交对土壤微生物功能多样性与碳源利用的影响. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(9): 1109-1124. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0296

LI Wan-Nian, LUO Yi-Min, HUANG Ze-Yue, YANG Mei. Effects of mixed young plantations of Parashorea chinensis on soil microbial functional diversity and carbon source utilization. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(9): 1109-1124. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0296

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0296

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I9/1109

图/表 11

表1 望天树人工林林分概况

Table 1 General conditions of the Parashorea chinensis plantations

林分类型 Stand type	树种组成 Tree species composition	林龄 Stand age (a)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Slope aspect	坡位 Slope position	林分密度 Stand density (plant·hm^?2)	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)
PP	望天树 Parashorea chinensis	5	172.5	20	东南 Southeast	中坡 Middle	1 665	3.30	2.92
MPD	望天树 P. chinensis	5	179.9	20	东南 Southeast	中坡 Middle	1 665	3.30	3.03
MPD	降香黄檀 Dalbergia odorifera	5	179.9	20	东南 Southeast	中坡 Middle	1 665	5.80	4.02
MPE	望天树 P. chinensis	5	205.5	17	东南 Southeast	中坡 Middle	1 665	3.30	3.51
MPE	巨尾桉 Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla	5	205.5	17	东南 Southeast	中坡 Middle	1 665	17.49	14.54

图1 不同林型望天树人工林的土壤微生物数量(平均值±标准差)。MPD, 望天树和降香黄檀混交林; MPE, 望天树和巨尾桉混交林; PP, 望天树纯林。不同大写字母表示同一土壤层次不同林分类型之间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一林分类型不同土壤层次之间差异显著(p <0.05)。

Fig. 1 Quantity of soil microorganism in different stand types of Parashorea chinensis plantation (mean ± SD). MPD, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Dalbergia odorifera; MPE, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla; PP, pure plantation of P. chinensis. Different uppercase letters indicate that there is significant difference between different forest types in the same soil layer (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate that there is significant difference between different soil layers of the same forest type (p < 0.05).

图2 不同林型土壤微生物平均吸光值(AWCD)的变化。MPD, 望天树和降香黄檀混交林; MPE, 望天树和巨尾桉混交林; PP, 望天树纯林。

Fig. 2 Changes of soil microbial average well color development (AWCD) in the different stand types. MPD, mixed plantation of Parashorea chinensis and Dalbergia odorifera; MPE, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla; PP, pure plantation of P. chinensis.

图3 不同林型下土壤微生物群落对6类碳源的利用特征(平均值±标准差)。MPD, 望天树和降香黄檀混交林; MPE, 望天树和巨尾桉混交林; PP, 望天树纯林。不同大写字母表示同一土壤层次不同林分类型之间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一林分类型不同土壤层次之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Characteristics of utilization of six soil carbon sources by soil microbial communities in different stand types (mean ± SD). MPD, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Dalbergia odorifera; MPE, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla; PP, pure plantation of P. chinensis. Different uppercase letters indicate that there is significant difference between different forest types in the same soil layer (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate that there is significant difference between different soil layers of the same forest type (p < 0.05).

图4 望天树人工林的土壤微生物功能多样性指数比较分析(平均值±标准差)。MPD, 望天树和降香黄檀混交林; MPE, 望天树和巨尾桉混交林; PP, 望天树纯林。不同大写字母表示同一土壤层次不同林分类型之间差异显著(p < 0.05)，不同小写字母表示同一林分类型不同土壤层次之间差异显著(p <0.05)。

Fig. 4 Comparative analysis of soil microbial functional diversity index of Parashorea chinensis plantations (mean ± SD). MPD, mixed plantation of Parashorea chinensis and Dalbergia odorifera; MPE, mixed plantation of Parashorea chinensis and Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla; PP, pure plantation of Parashorea chinensis. Different uppercase letters indicate that there is significant difference between different forest types in the same soil layer (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate that there is significant difference between different soil layers of the same forest type (p < 0.05).

表2 不同林型望天树人工林的土壤理化性质(平均值±标准差)

Table 2 Soil physicochemical properties of different types of Parashorea chinensis plantations (mean ± SD)

理化指标 Physicochemical index	土层 Soil layer (cm)	PP	MPD	MPE
pH	0-20	4.79 ± 0.021^Aa	4.28 ± 0.120^Ba	4.33 ± 0.042^Ba
pH	20-40	4.31 ± 0.184^Aa	4.26 ± 0.120^Aa	4.30 ± 0.050^Aa
土壤密度 Soil density (g·cm^-3)	0-20	1.51 ± 0.004^Ba	1.55 ± 0.003^Aa	1.45 ± 0.003^Ca
土壤密度 Soil density (g·cm^-3)	20-40	1.37 ± 0.003^Bb	1.40 ± 0.002^Ab	1.37 ± 0.001^Bb
土壤含水率 Soil water content (%)	0-20	0.14 ± 0.003^Bb	0.12 ± 0.002^Cb	0.18 ± 0.001^Aa
土壤含水率 Soil water content (%)	20-40	0.16 ± 0.002^Aa	0.14 ± 0.001^Ba	0.16 ± 0.001^Ab
土壤总孔隙度 Total soil porosity (%)	0-20	0.43 ± 0.001^Bb	0.41 ± 0.001^Cb	0.45 ± 0.001^Ab
土壤总孔隙度 Total soil porosity (%)	20-40	0.48 ± 0.001^Aa	0.47 ± 0.001^Ba	0.48 ± 0.001^Aa
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	0-20	16.73 ± 1.05^ABa	15.32 ± 1.77^Ba	18.22 ± 0.27^Aa
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	20-40	7.39 ± 0.59^Bb	9.34 ± 0.13^Ab	7.35 ± 1.11^Bb

图5 不同林型望天树人工林的土壤养含量特征(平均值±标准差)。MPD, 望天树和降香黄檀混交林; MPE, 望天树和巨尾桉混交林; PP, 望天树纯林。不同大写字母表示不同林分类型间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示不同土层间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Characteristics of soil nutrient contents in different types of Parashorea chinensis plantations (mean ± SD). MPD, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Dalbergia odorifera; MPE, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla; PP, pure plantation of P. chinensis. AK, available potassium content; AP, available phosphorus content; SOM, soil organic matter content; TK, total potassium content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among different forest types (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different soil layers (p < 0.05).

图6 不同林型望天树人工林的土壤酶活性(平均值±标准差)。MPD, 望天树和降香黄檀混交林; MPE, 望天树和巨尾桉混交林; PP, 望天树纯林。不同大写字母表示不同林分类型间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示不同土层间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Soil enzyme activities of different stand types of Parashorea chinensis plantations (mean ± SD). MPD, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Dalbergia odorifera; MPE, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla; PP, pure plantation of P. chinensis. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among different forest types (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different soil layers (p < 0.05).

图7 土壤微生物群落功能多样性与重要环境因子的主成分分析(PCA)。MPD, 望天树和降香黄檀混交林; MPE, 望天树和巨尾桉混交林; PP, 望天树纯林。ACPA, 酸性磷酸酶活性; Actinomycete, 放线菌数量; AK, 速效钾含量; AP, 速效磷含量; Bacteria, 细菌数量; Density, 土壤密度; Fungus, 真菌数量; MCT index, 均匀度指数; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; Porosity, 孔隙度; SA, 蔗糖酶活性; Shannon index, 丰富度指数; Simpon index, 优势度指数; SOM, 土壤有机质含量; TK, 全钾含量; TN, 全氮含量; TP, 全磷含量; UA, 脲酶活性; Water content, 含水率。

Fig. 7 Principal component analysis (PCA) of soil microbial community functional diversity and important environmental factors. MPD, mixed plantation of Parashorea chinensis and Dalbergia odorifera; MPE, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla; PP, pure plantation of P. chinensis. ACPA, acid phosphatase activity; Actinomycete, actinomycetes quantity; AK, available potassium content; AP, available phosphorus content; Bacteria, bacteria quantity; Density, soil density; Fungus, fungi quantity; MCT index, evenness index; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; SA, sucrase activity; Shannon index, richness index; Simpon index, dominance index; SOM, soil organic matter content; TK, total potassium content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content; UA, urease activity; Water content, soil water content。

表3 不同林型望天树人工幼林土壤微生物微环境的主成分综合得分

Table 3 Principal component comprehensive scores of soil ecological functions of different stand types of Parashorea chinensis plantations

林型 Stand type	主成分得分 Principal component score					综合得分 Comprehensive score	综合排名 Comprehensive ranking
林型 Stand type	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	综合得分 Comprehensive score	综合排名 Comprehensive ranking
PP	-0.738	-0.725	0.182	0.014	-0.159	-0.285	3
MPD	-0.301	0.995	-0.109	0.176	0.085	0.169	1
MPE	1.039	-0.269	-0.073	-0.190	0.074	0.116	2

图8 土壤微生物群落碳源利用与环境因子的冗余分析(RDA)。MPD, 望天树和降香黄檀混交林; MPE, 望天树和巨尾桉混交林; PP, 望天树纯林。C1, 碳水化合物类; C2, 氨基酸类; C3, 羧酸类; C4, 多聚物类; C5, 酚酸类; C6, 胺类。AK, 速效钾含量; AP, 速效磷含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; SOM, 土壤有机质含量; TK, 全钾含量; TN, 全氮含量; TP, 全磷含量。

Fig. 8 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil microbial community carbon source utilization and environmental factors. MPD, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Dalbergia odorifera; MPE, mixed plantation of P. chinensis and Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla; PP, pure plantation of P. chinensis. C1, carbohydrate; C2, amino acid; C3, carboxylic acid; C4, polymer; C5, phenolic acid; C6, amine. AK, available potassium content; AP, available phosphorus content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; SOM, soil organic matter content; TK, total potassium content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content.

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望天树人工幼林混交对土壤微生物功能多样性与碳源利用的影响

Effects of mixed young plantations of Parashorea chinensis on soil microbial functional diversity and carbon source utilization

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