叶际微生物对马尾松凋落针叶分解的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叶际微生物作为最先定殖在凋落叶上的微生物类群, 可能直接参与凋落叶的分解。为验证此猜想, 该研究通过扩增子高通量测序技术和室内分解实验, 探究了马尾松(Pinus massoniana)叶际微生物多样性及叶际微生物对马尾松凋落物的分解影响。结果表明: (1)马尾松的叶际存在着丰富而多样的微生物群体, 针叶在凋亡后, 叶际微生物群落发生变化。成熟针叶、凋落针叶、分解层针叶共有大量可操作分类单元(OTUs)。(2)马尾松针叶分解过程可分为两个阶段: 快速分解期(前8个月)和缓慢分解期(8个月以后)。衰亡针叶(刚凋落但未接触土壤)叶际微生物可直接参与马尾松凋落针叶分解, 且分解速率表现为叶际微生物+土壤微生物处理>叶际微生物处理>土壤微生物处理。在马尾松针叶分解过程中叶际微生物与土壤微生物存在协同作用。(3)凋落针叶分解速率与木质素和纤维素分解速率呈极显著正相关关系, 但与木质素和纤维素分解酶活性无显著相关关系。木质素分解酶——多酚氧化酶与过氧化物酶活性极显著负相关, 纤维素分解酶——β葡萄糖苷酶活性与纤维二糖苷酶活性则呈极显著正相关关系。综上, 该研究结果表明叶际微生物可直接参与凋落针叶的分解, 且其对马尾松凋落针叶分解速率的影响高于土壤微生物, 这为进一步阐明马尾松凋落针叶的分解机理和后续分解过程中发挥主要作用的核心微生物组的发掘提供了理论依据。

关键词: 马尾松, 凋落物, 叶际微生物, 土壤微生物, 分解

Abstract:

Aims As the first colonizer of leaf litters, the phyllospheric microbes may directly participate in the decomposition of litters.
Methods To test this hypothesis, the diversity of phyllospheric microbes and their effects in needle litter decomposition of Pinus massoniana were investigated by employing high-throughput amplicon sequencing techniques and indoor decomposition experiments.
Important findings (1) There are abundant and diverse microbial communities in the phyllospheric microbes of P. massoniana, and the microbial communities changed rapidly along with needle senescence. A large number of shared operational taxonomic units were detected among samples of mature needles, litter needles, and decomposing needles. (2) The decomposition process of P. massoniana needles can be divided into two stages: the rapid decomposition period (the first 8 months) and the slow decomposition period (after 8 months). Phyllospheric microbes of the senesced needles (fallen but not in contact with the soil) could decompose needle litters, and the decomposition rates exhibited the trend of phyllospheric microbes + soil microbes treatment > phyllospheric microbes treatment > soil microorganism treatment. There are synergistic effects between phyllospheric microbes and soil microbes during the decomposition of P. massoniana needles. (3) The decomposition rate of needle litters was significantly positively correlated with those of lignin and cellulose, while not correlated with the activity of lignin or cellulose decomposing enzymes. For ligninolytic enzymes, the activity of polyphenol oxidase had a significantly negative correlation with peroxidase activity. Meanwhile, activity of ligninolytic enzyme β-glucosidase had a significantly positive correlation with cellobiohydrolase activity. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the phyllospheric microbes can directly participate in the decomposition of needle litters, and its effect on the decomposition rate of needle litters of P. massoniana is superior to that of the soil microbes. These results have advanced the litter decomposition theory and provided theoretical foundation for further investigation into the core microbiome participating in litter decomposition.

Key words: Pinus massoniana, litters, phyllospheric microbes, soil microbes, decomposition

郑炀, 孙学广, 熊洋阳, 袁贵云, 丁贵杰. 叶际微生物对马尾松凋落针叶分解的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(5): 687-698. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0124

ZHENG Yang, SUN Xue-Guang, XIONG Yang-Yang, YUAN Gui-Yun, DING Gui-Jie. Effects of phyllospheric microorganisms on litter decomposition of Pinus massoniana. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(5): 687-698. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0124

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0124

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I5/687

图/表 6

图1 细菌(A)及真菌(B)优势目在不同马尾松针叶样品中的分布情况。F、L、NM分别表示分解层针叶、凋落针叶和成熟针叶。

Fig. 1 Distribution of dominant orders of bacteria (A) and fungi (B) in different needle samples of Pinus massoniana. F, L, NM represent the needles of decomposition layer, litter, mature, respectively.

图2 马尾松凋落针叶(L)、成熟针叶(NM)和分解层针叶(F)的韦恩图。数字代表可操作运算分类单元数。

Fig. 2 Venn diagram of littered needles (L), mature needles (NM), and decomposed needles (F) of Pinus massoniana. Arabic numbers represent the number of operational taxonomic units.

图3 不同分解时期马尾松针叶形态。图A-D分别代表N+S处理下第2、4、8、12个月时针叶的外部形态，图E-H分别代表N+S处理下第2、4、8、12个月时针叶的解剖结构；图A1-D1分别代表N+SS处理下第2、4、8、12个月时针叶的外部形态，图E1-H1分别代表N+SS处理下第2、4、8、12个月时针叶的解剖结构；图A2-D2分别代表SN+S处理下第2、4、8、12个月时针叶的外部形态，图E2-H2代表SN+S处理下第2、4、8、12个月时针叶的解剖结构。N+S、N+SS、SN+S分别表示叶际微生物+土壤微生物、叶际微生物和土壤微生物3种处理。比例尺= 50 μm。

Fig. 3 Morphological changes of Pinus massoniana needles at different decomposition stages. A-D show the surface morphologies of needles in N+S treatment after 2, 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively. E-H show the anatomical structures of needles in N+S treatment after 2, 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively; A1-D1 show the surface morphologies of needles in N+SS treatment after 2, 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively. E1-H1 show the anatomical structures of needles in N+SS treatment after 2, 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively; A2-D2 show the surface morphologies of needles in SN+S treatment after 2, 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively. E2-H2 show the anatomical structures of needles in SN+S treatment after 2, 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively.N+S、N+SS、SN+S represent the phyllospheric microbes + soil microbes treatment, the phyllospheric microbes treatment and the soil microorganism treatment, respectively. Scale bars = 50 μm.

图4 不同处理下马尾松凋落针叶的分解情况(平均值±标准差)。 N+S、N+SS、SN+S分别表示叶际微生物+土壤微生物、叶际微生物和土壤微生物3种处理。不同大写字母代表同一时间不同组间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示不同时间组内差异显著(p < 0.05)

Fig. 4 Decomposition of Pinus massoniana leaf litter under different treatments (mean ± SD). N+S、N+SS、SN+S represent the phyllospheric microbes + soil microbes treatment, the phyllospheric microbes treatment and the soil microorganism treatment, respectively. Different uppercase letters represent significant differences among different treatments at the same time point, and different lowercase letters represent significant differences among the same treatment at different time points (p < 0.05).

图5 马尾松凋落针叶酶活性(平均值±标准差)。N+S、N+SS、SN+S分别表示叶际微生物+土壤微生物、叶际微生物和土壤微生物3种处理。不同大写字母为同一时间不同组间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示不同时间组内差异显著(p < 0.05)

Fig. 5 Enzyme activity of Pinus massoniana leaf litter (mean ± SD). N+S, N+SS and SN+S represent treatment groups of phyllospheric microorganisms + soil microorganisms, phyllospheric microorganisms and soil microorganisms, respectively. Different uppercase letters represent significant differences among different treatments at the same time point, and different lowercase letters represent significant differences among the same treatment at different time points (p < 0.05).

表1 马尾松凋落针叶不同指标相关性分析

Table 1 Correlation analysis of different indicators of Pinus massoniana leaf litter

	针叶质量损失率 Mass loss rate of needles	多酚氧化酶活性 Polyphenol oxidase activity	过氧化物酶活性 Peroxidase activity	β葡萄糖苷酶活性 β glucosidase activity	纤维二糖苷酶活性 Fibrodisosidase activity	木质素质量损失率 Mass loss rate of lignin	纤维素质量损失率 Mass loss rate of cellulose
针叶质量损失率 Mass loss rate of needles	1.000
多酚氧化酶活性 Polyphenol oxidase activity	0.051	1.000
过氧化物酶活性 Peroxidase activity	-0.013	-0.368^**	1.000
β葡萄糖苷酶活性 β glucosidase activity	-0.089	-0.354^**	0.314^**	1.000
纤维二糖苷酶活性 Fibrodisosidase activity	-0.107	-0.016	0.148	0.462^**	1.000
木质素质量损失率 Mass loss rate of lignin	0.868^**	0.094	-0.025	-0.077	-0.187	1.000
纤维素质量损失率 Mass loss rate of cellulose	0.455^**	0.060	0.114	-0.145	-0.208^*	0.442^**	1.000

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