林窗对川西亚高山凋落叶总酚和缩合单宁损失动态的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0321

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 660-671.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0321 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2021.0321

所属专题：凋落物

林窗对川西亚高山凋落叶总酚和缩合单宁损失动态的影响

杜婷¹, 陈玉莲¹, 毕境徽², 杨玉婷¹, 张丽¹, 游成铭¹, 谭波¹, 徐振锋¹, 王丽霞¹, 刘思凝¹, 李晗¹^,^*()

1.四川农业大学生态林业研究所, 长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室, 长江上游森林资源保育与生态安全国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 高山森林生态定位研究站, 成都 611130
2.重庆文理学院, 重庆 402160

收稿日期:2021-09-09 接受日期:2022-04-22 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2022-04-22
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31901295);国家自然科学基金(32071745);国家自然科学基金(31870602);四川省杰出青年科技人才计划项目(2020JDJQ0052);四川省应用基础研究项目(2021YJ0340)

Effects of forest gap on losses of total phenols and condensed tannins of foliar litter in a subalpine forest of western Sichuan, China

DU Ting¹, CHEN Yu-Lian¹, BI Jing-Hui², YANG Yu-Ting¹, ZHANG Li¹, YOU Cheng-Ming¹, TAN Bo¹, XU Zhen-Feng¹, WANG Li-Xia¹, LIU Si-Ning¹, LI Han¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Ecology and Forest of Sichuan Agricultural University, Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Long-term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Chengdu 611130, China
2. Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China

Received:2021-09-09 Accepted:2022-04-22 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2022-04-22
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901295);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071745);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870602);Program of Sichuan Excellent Youth Sci-Tech Foundation(2020JDJQ0052);Program of Sichuan Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021YJ0340)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

总酚和缩合单宁作为重要组分参与并调控森林凋落物的分解过程, 其可能受到林窗直接或间接的影响。该研究以川西亚高山6种常见植物(包括方枝柏(Juniperus saltuaria)、岷江冷杉(Abies fargesii var. faxoniana)、四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)、红桦(Betula albosinensis)、康定柳(Salix paraplesia)和高山杜鹃(Rhododendron lapponicum))凋落叶为研究对象, 在林窗内外不同位置(林窗中心、林冠林窗、扩展林窗、郁闭林下)进行为期3年的原位分解实验, 探究凋落叶总酚和缩合单宁在3年分解过程中冬季和生长季节的动态特征。研究发现凋落叶总酚和缩合单宁均在分解第一年具有较高的损失速率, 分别为10.76和8.5 mg·d^-1; 林窗对酚类物质降解的影响随分解进程逐渐减弱并具有明显的季节性差异; 6种凋落叶总酚含量均在生长季降低较快, 且初始缩合单宁含量较高的凋落叶在第一年冬季有较高的缩合单宁损失速率。研究表明森林林窗内的凋落叶在长期分解过程中, 其酚类物质的降解受凋落叶质量和季节差异的影响更为显著。研究结果有利于深入认识森林生态系统中凋落物的分解特征和物质循环过程, 可为亚高山森林的有效经营管理提供一定的科学数据。

关键词: 林窗, 分解, 总酚, 缩合单宁, 季节动态, 亚高山

Abstract:

Aims As key components in plant litters, the total phenols and condensed tannins greatly regulate decomposition process of forest litter, which can be directly or indirectly affected by forest gaps. The aim of this study was to determine how the forest gaps would affect the losses of total phenols and condensed tannins of foliar litter during decomposition in subalpine forest.
Methods We conducted a three-year in situ litter decomposition experiment on different forest gaps (i.e. gap center, canopy gap, expanded gap, closed canopy) in a subalpine forest of western Sichuan, and six foliar litters including Juniperus saltuaria, Abies fargesii var. faxoniana, Larix mastersiana, Betula albosinensis, Salix paraplesia and Rhododendron lapponicum were selected. The measurements were conducted to examine the losses of litter total phenols and condensed tannins during winter and growing season.
Important findings Litter total phenols and condensed tannins showed higher loss rates in the first decomposition year, with the levels of 10.76 mg·d^-1 and 8.5 mg·d^-1, respectively. The effects of forest gaps on the degradation of phenolic components gradually were getting weak with the litter decomposition proceeding, and exhibited obvious seasonal differences. The total phenols content of six litters all decreased rapidly in the growing seasons, while litters with higher initial condensed tannins with faster loss rate were found in the first winter, suggesting that both litter quality and seasons would significantly alter litter phenolic components losses during long-term decomposition under forest gaps. These results are helpful for deeper understanding of the litter decomposition process and nutrients cycling in forest ecosystems, which provide scientific data to improve the development of management policies in subalpine forests.

Key words: forest gap, decomposition, total phenols, condensed tannins, seasonal dynamic, subalpine

杜婷, 陈玉莲, 毕境徽, 杨玉婷, 张丽, 游成铭, 谭波, 徐振锋, 王丽霞, 刘思凝, 李晗. 林窗对川西亚高山凋落叶总酚和缩合单宁损失动态的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(5): 660-671. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0321

DU Ting, CHEN Yu-Lian, BI Jing-Hui, YANG Yu-Ting, ZHANG Li, YOU Cheng-Ming, TAN Bo, XU Zhen-Feng, WANG Li-Xia, LIU Si-Ning, LI Han. Effects of forest gap on losses of total phenols and condensed tannins of foliar litter in a subalpine forest of western Sichuan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(5): 660-671. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0321

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0321

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I5/660

图/表 8

图1 凋落叶各分解时期内不同林窗位置凋落物袋内的日平均温度(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示同一分解时期不同林窗位置间差异显著(p < 0.05)。阴影部分表示冬季, 非阴影部分表示生长季。

Fig. 1 Daily mean temperature of litter bags on different gap positions at each litter decomposing period (mean ± SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different gap positions during the same decomposition period (p < 0.05). The shadowed areas indicate winter, the non-shadowed areas indicate growing season.

表1 物种、林窗位置和分解时期对亚高山森林凋落叶分解过程中总酚含量和损失速率影响的重复测量方差分析结果

Table 1 Results of repeated measures ANOVA of the effects of species, gap position and decomposition period on litter total phenols content and loss rate in decomposing litters in the subalpine forest

变异来源 Source of variance	df	总酚含量 Total phenols content		总酚损失速率 Total phenols loss rate
变异来源 Source of variance	df	F	p	F	p
物种 Species (S)	5	715.799	<0.001	123.633	<0.001
时期 Periods (P)	5	3 048.926	<0.001	360.981	<0.001
林窗位置 Gap positions (G)	3	13.300	<0.001	0.545	0.654
时期×物种 P × S	25	104.919	<0.001	24.689	<0.001
物种×林窗位置 S × G	15	4.977	<0.001	0.162	0.999
时期×林窗位置 P × G	15	11.187	<0.001	7.881	<0.001
物种×时期×林窗位置 S × P × G	75	4.378	<0.001	2.782	<0.001

图2 亚高山森林6种凋落叶分解过程中总酚含量的动态特征(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。A, 方枝柏。B, 岷江冷杉。C, 四川红杉。D, 红桦。E, 康定柳。F, 高山杜鹃。不同小写字母表示同一分解时期不同林窗位置之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。阴影部分表示冬季, 非阴影部分表示生长季。

Fig. 2 Dynamics of total phenols content in six decomposing litters in the subalpine forest (mean ± SE, n = 3). A, Juniperus saltuaria. B, Abies fargesii var. faxoniana. C, Larix mastersiana. D, Betula albosinensis. E, Salix paraplesia. F, Rhododendron lapponicum. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among gap positions during the same decomposition period (p < 0.05). The shadowed areas indicate winter, and the non-shadowed areas indicate growing season.

图3 亚高山森林6种凋落叶分解过程中总酚损失速率的动态特征(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。A, 方枝柏。B, 岷江冷杉。C, 四川红杉。D, 红桦。E, 康定柳。F, 高山杜鹃。不同小写字母表示同一分解时期不同林窗位置之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。阴影部分表示冬季, 非阴影部分表示生长季。

Fig. 3 Dynamics of total phenols loss rate in six decomposing litters in the subalpine forest (mean ± SE, n = 3). A, Juniperus saltuaria. B, Abies fargesii var. faxoniana. C, Larix mastersiana. D, Betula albosinensis. E, Salix paraplesia. F, Rhododendron lapponicum. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among gap positions during the same decomposing period (p < 0.05). The shadowed areas indicate winter, and the non-shadowed areas indicate growing season.

表2 物种、林窗位置和分解时期对亚高山森林凋落叶分解过程中缩合单宁含量和损失速率影响的重复测量方差分析结果

Table 2 Results of repeated measures ANOVA of the effects of species, gap position and decomposition period on litter condensed tannins content and loss rate in decomposing litters in the subalpine forest

变异来源 Source of variance	df	缩合单宁含量 Condensed tannins content		缩合单宁损失速率 Condensed tannins loss rate
变异来源 Source of variance	df	F	p	F	p
物种 Species (S)	5	931.848	<0.001	1 116.526	<0.001
时期 Periods (P)	5	800.280	<0.001	477.983	<0.001
林窗位置 Gap positions (G)	3	3.335	0.027	0.269	0.847
时期×物种 P × S	25	330.278	<0.001	114.603	<0.001
物种×林窗位置 S × G	15	7.423	<0.001	0.163	0.999 7
时期×林窗位置 P × G	15	13.836	<0.001	11.297	<0.001
物种×时期×林窗位置 S × P × G	75	9.852	<0.001	7.672	<0.001

图4 亚高山森林6种凋落叶分解过程中缩合单宁含量的动态特征(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。A, 方枝柏。B, 岷江冷杉。C, 四川红杉。D, 红桦。E, 康定柳。F, 高山杜鹃。不同小写字母表示同一分解时期不同林窗位置之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。阴影部分表示冬季, 非阴影部分表示生长季。

Fig. 4 Dynamics of condensed tannins content in six decomposing litters in the subalpine forest (mean ± SE, n = 3). A, Juniperus saltuaria. B, Abies fargesii var. faxoniana. C, Larix mastersiana. D, Betula albosinensis. E, Salix paraplesia. F, Rhododendron lapponicum. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among gap positions during the same decomposition period (p < 0.05). The shadowed areas indicate winter, and the non-shadowed areas indicate growing season.

图5 亚高山森林6种凋落叶分解过程中缩合单宁损失速率的动态特征(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。A, 方枝柏。B, 岷江冷杉。C, 四川红杉。D, 红桦。E, 康定柳。F, 高山杜鹃。不同小写字母表示同一分解时期不同林窗位置之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。阴影部分表示冬季, 非阴影部分表示生长季。

Fig. 5 Dynamics of condensed tannins loss rate in six decomposing litters in the subalpine forest (mean ± SE, n = 3). A, Juniperus saltuaria. B, Abies fargesii var. faxoniana. C, Larix mastersiana. D, Betula albosinensis. E, Salix paraplesia. F, Rhododendron lapponicum. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among gap positions during the same decomposing period (p < 0.05). The shadowed areas indicate winter, and the non-shadowed areas indicate growing season.

表3 总酚/缩合单宁含量和损失速率与环境因子和凋落叶初始质量的多元线性(逐步法)回归分析

Table 3 Multiple linear regressions (stepwise method) between the total phenols/condensed tannins content, loss rate and environmental factors, initial quality of foliar litter

分解时期 Decomposition period	因变量 Dependent variable	进入最优模型的变量 Variables entering the optimal model	n	R²
冬季 Winter	TP	DMT (+), CT₀ (+), TP₀ (+), FFTC (+), PAT (-), NAT (-)	216	0.656^*
	TPL	PAT (+), TP₀(+), DMT (-)	216	0.270^*
	CT	CT₀(+), DMT (+), PAT (-)	216	0.372^**
	CTL	DMT (+), CT₀(+), PAT (-)	216	0.391^**
生长季 Growing season	TP	CT₀(+)	216	0.214^**
	TPL	DC (+)	216	0.067^**
	CT	CT₀ (+)	216	0.147^**
	CTL	CT₀(+)	216	0.250^**
3年 Three years	TP	DMT (+), CT₀(+), WSE (-), PAT (-)	432	0.545^*
	TPL	TP₀ (+), NAT (+)	432	0.125^**
	CT	NAT (+), CT₀ (+), PAT (-)	432	0.280^**
	CTL	CT₀(+), NAT (+), PAT (-)	432	0.305^**

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林窗对川西亚高山凋落叶总酚和缩合单宁损失动态的影响

Effects of forest gap on losses of total phenols and condensed tannins of foliar litter in a subalpine forest of western Sichuan, China

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