亚热带天然阔叶林凋落物分解过程中活性、惰性碳氮的动态特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0187

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为最大程度模拟森林凋落物分解实际状况, 探究亚热带天然阔叶林凋落物的分解动态特征, 该研究采用凋落物分解“三明治”法, 在野外原位分解的凋落物上, 平均间隔3个月在积累的凋落物上铺设一层尼龙网(60目, 1.2 m × 1.95 m)。3年后共获取11层不同分解程度的凋落物, 分析其活性和惰性碳、氮含量变化。结果表明: 1)在整个分解过程中, 活性、惰性碳参与分解的时间不同, 水溶性有机碳最早开始释放, 持续释放时间长(295 d); 惰性碳分解滞后(4层, 422 d); 而酸水解有机碳可能在分解中受二者的影响, 变化波动大。2)与碳相比, 氮在整个分解阶段的动态更为复杂, 表现出明显的周期性, 即固持(1-3层, 90-295 d)—释放(4-6层, 422-670 d)—固持(7-11层, 802-1 200 d)。3)凋落物原状分解有利于氮的截留和保存。一方面, 分解前期上层凋落物中的活性物质受淋溶作用在下层积累, 从而降低淋失的风险; 另一方面, 分解后期惰性碳氮偏向于底层积累, 利于碳氮的固存。可见, 森林凋落物的自然分解状态有利于凋落物惰性碳氮更好地归还土壤。因此, 在森林管理中要注重凋落物层的保护, 让其在自然状态下分解, 助力土壤碳氮的稳定与保留。

关键词: 凋落物分解, 水溶性碳, 水溶性氮, 酸水解碳, 酸水解氮, 惰性碳, 惰性氮, 阔叶林

Abstract:

Aims In order to simulate the actual situation to the greatest extent, the decomposition dynamics of litter in subtropical natural broadleaf forests were explored using a litter “sandwichs” method.
Methods A three-year field in-situ experiment of undisturbed litter layer decomposition was carried out in a natural subtropical broadleaf forest. Eleven layers of litter with different decomposition degrees were isolated accurately by laying nylon nets (60 mesh, 1.2 m × 1.95 m) every three months, and the dynamic of labile and recalcitrant carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents were analyzed.
Important findings The results showed that: 1) During the whole decomposition process, the labile and recalcitrant C participated in the decomposition at different times. Water-soluble organic C began to decompose first and sustained release time up to 295 d, while the recalcitrant C began to decompose behind for many days (at 4th layer, 422 d), and the change in acid-hydrolyzed organic C fluctuated greatly due to the fates of the labile and recalcitrant C. 2) Compared with that of C, the dynamics of N in the whole decomposition stage were more complex, to some extent, with obvious periodicity, that is, N retention (1st to 3rd layers, 90-295 d), release (4th to 6th layers, 422-670 d), and retention again (7th to 11th layers, 802-1 200 d). 3) The undisturbed decomposition of litterfall layer was beneficial to the N storage. On the one hand, at the early stage of decomposition, the labile substances from the upper litterfall were accumulated in the lower layer due to the leaching, which reduced the risk of their leaching loss. On the other hand, recalcitrant C and N was prone to accumulate in the bottom layers, which was beneficial to C and N retention. It can be concluded that the natural decomposition state of forest litter layer is conducive to the return of litter recalcitrant C and N into soil. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the protection of litter layer in forest management, which could ensure litter decomposing in its natural state to improve the stabilization and enrichment of C and N.

Key words: litter decomposition, water-soluble carbon, water-soluble nitrogen, acid hydrolyzed carbon, acid hydrolyzed nitrogen, recalcitrant carbon, recalcitrant nitrogen, broadleaf forest

李慧璇, 马红亮, 尹云锋, 高人. 亚热带天然阔叶林凋落物分解过程中活性、惰性碳氮的动态特征. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(5): 618-628. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0187

LI Hui-Xuan, MA Hong-Liang, YIN Yun-Feng, GAO Ren. Dynamic of labile, recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen during the litter decomposition in a subtropical natural broadleaf forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(5): 618-628. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0187

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0187

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I5/618

图/表 4

表1 不同分解时间凋落物生物量、含水量、pH、总碳、总氮含量及碳氮比(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Biomass, water content, pH, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) content and C:N of litter at different decomposition durations (mean ± SD)

分解时间 Decomposition duration (d)	生物量 Biomass (g·m^-2)	含水量 Water content (%)	酸碱度 pH	总碳含量 TC content (g·kg^-1)	总氮含量 TN content (g·kg^-1)	碳氮比 C:N
90	116.80 ± 18.09^bc	17.76 ± 0.82^e	4.64 ± 0.20^bc	478.29 ± 3.92^a	9.68 ± 0.60^ab	49.54 ± 3.20^ab
207	301.13 ± 65.49^a	21.95 ± 3.48^de	4.94 ± 0.17^a	467.66 ± 5.12^a	9.34 ± 1.58^abc	51.03 ± 8.35^ab
295	69.46 ± 10.93^de	22.35 ± 0.75^de	4.86 ± 0.34^ab	464.02 ± 4.88^a	10.20 ± 0.44^a	45.56 ± 2.23^abc
422	81.20 ± 19.92^cd	25.59 ± 1.26^cde	4.56 ± 0.23^cd	396.55 ± 30.02^b	7.55 ± 0.90^de	53.14 ± 8.70^a
556	150.83 ± 36.47^b	19.89 ± 3.99^de	4.54 ± 0.22^cd	377.68 ± 37.88^bc	7.34 ± 0.80^e	52.26 ± 11.14^a
670	34.16 ± 8.47^ef	22.38 ± 4.91^de	4.50 ± 0.08^cd	329.20 ± 26.86^d	7.64 ± 0.64^de	39.95 ± 7.18^bc
802	21.49 ± 3.99^f	28.66 ± 6.07^cd	4.45 ± 0.07^cde	359.91 ± 30.40^bcd	9.00 ± 1.19^abcd	40.66 ± 7.86^bc
912	27.99 ± 6.40^ef	32.49 ± 7.95^bc	4.28 ± 0.13^de	332.31 ± 26.56^d	9.25 ± 1.09^abc	36.35 ± 6.22^c
1 012	12.10 ± 2.75^f	39.09 ± 7.47^b	4.37 ± 0.04^cde	326.27 ± 1.93^d	9.38 ± 0.31^abc	34.80 ± 1.23^c
1 096	23.15 ± 5.08^f	40.69 ± 6.48^b	4.30 ± 0.03^de	349.11 ± 24.64^cd	8.01 ± 0.54^cde	43.35 ± 5.36^abc
1 200	15.21 ± 2.35^f	54.22 ± 7.45^a	4.17 ± 0.05^e	349.51 ± 3.59^cd	8.45 ± 0.71^bcde	42.54 ± 5.27^abc
平均值 Mean	77.59	29.55	4.51	384.59	8.71	44.47

图1 不同分解时间的凋落物酸水解有机碳(AOC) (A), 酸水解总氮(ATN)、酸水解无机氮(AIN)、酸水解有机氮(AON) (B), 总碳(TC)、惰性碳(RC) (C), 总氮(TN)、惰性氮(RN) (D)含量的动态变化(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示不同分解时间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Dynamic of acid hydrolyzed organic carbon (AOC) (A); acid hydrolyzed total nitrogen (ATN), acid hydrolyzed inorganic nitrogen (AIN) and acid hydrolyzed organic nitrogen (AON) (B); total carbon (TC) and recalcitrant carbon (RC) (C); total nitrogen (TN) and recalcitrant nitrogen (RN) (D) contents in litter at different decomposition durations (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences among the different decomposition durations (p < 0.05).

图2 不同分解时间凋落物活性、惰性碳氮含量之间的Pearson相关关系。AIN, 酸水解无机氮; AOC, 酸水解有机碳; AON, 酸水解有机氮; ATN, 酸水解总氮; RC, 惰性碳; RN, 惰性氮; TC, 总碳; TN, 总氮; WAA, 游离氨基酸; WAN, 水溶性铵态氮; WNN, 水溶性硝态氮; WOC, 水溶性有机碳; WON, 水溶性有机氮; WTN, 水溶性总氮。数值为相关系数, 星号表示显著相关(*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001)。

Fig. 2 Pearson correlation between labile and recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen contents in litter at different decomposition durations. AIN, acid hydrolyzed inorganic nitrogen; AOC, acid hydrolyzed organic carbon; AON, acid hydrolyzed organic nitrogen; ATN, acid hydrolyzed total nitrogen; RC, recalcitrant carbon; RN, recalcitrant nitrogen; TC, total carbon; TN, total nitrogen; WAA, free amino acid; WAN, water-soluble ammonium nitrogen; WNN, water-soluble nitrate nitrogen; WOC, water-soluble organic carbon; WON, water-soluble organic nitrogen; WTN, water-soluble total nitrogen. The value is correlation coefficient, and asterisks denote significant correlations (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001).

图3 不同分解时间的凋落物水溶性有机碳(WOC) (A), 水溶性总氮(WTN)、水溶性有机氮(WON)、游离氨基酸(WAA) (B), 水溶性硝态氮(WNN)、水溶性铵态氮(WAN) (C)含量的动态变化(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示不同分解时间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Dynamics of water-soluble organic carbon (WOC) (A); water-soluble total nitrogen (WTN), water-soluble organic nitrogen (WON) and free amino acid (WAA) (B); water-soluble nitrate nitrogen (WNN) and water-soluble ammonium nitrogen (WAN) (C) contents in litter at different decomposition durations (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences among the different decomposition durations (p < 0.05).

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