极端干旱区沙土掩埋对凋落物分解速率及盐分含量动态的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0273

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 144-153.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0273

极端干旱区沙土掩埋对凋落物分解速率及盐分含量动态的影响

范琳杰¹^,²^,⁴, 李成道¹^,²^,⁴, 李向义¹^,³^,^*(), Henry J. SUN⁵, 林丽莎¹^,²^,³, 刘波⁶

¹中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆荒漠植物根系生态与植被修复重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
²中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
³新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测实验站, 新疆策勒 848300
⁴中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
⁵沙漠研究所, 美国拉斯维加斯 89119
⁶临沂大学, 山东临沂 276000

收稿日期:2020-08-10 接受日期:2020-10-12 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-03-09
通讯作者: ORCID: *李向义: 0000-0001-7210-6339(lixy@ms.xjb.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41877420);中国科学院扶贫项目(KFJ-FP-201903)

Effects of sand burial on litter decomposition rate and salt content dynamics in an extremely arid region

Fan Lin-Jie¹^,²^,⁴, LI Cheng-Dao¹^,²^,⁴, LI Xiang-Yi¹^,³^,^*(), Henry J. SUN⁵, LIN Li-Sha¹^,²^,³, LIU Bo⁶

¹Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China
²State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China
³Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang 848300, China
⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁵Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas 89119, USA
⁶Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China

Received:2020-08-10 Accepted:2020-10-12 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-03-09
Contact: LI Xiang-Yi
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877420);Poverty Alleviation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-FP-201903)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

极端干旱区由于降水稀少, 植被盖度低, 太阳辐射强烈, 以及土壤稳定性差, 导致其凋落物周转不同于非干旱区。为探究极端干旱区凋落物分解规律, 该研究利用凋落物分解袋法, 以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘沙漠-绿洲过渡带优势物种花花柴(Karelinia caspia)、骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)和胡杨(Populus euphratica)凋落叶为研究对象, 设置不同的沙土掩埋处理: 地表、2 cm和15 cm埋深, 以模拟自然条件下凋落物分解环境, 测定分解过程中凋落物质量和水溶性盐的变化特征。结果表明: 极端干旱区凋落物分解速率与凋落物初始碳(C)含量、氮(N)含量、C:N和木质素含量的关系与非干旱区存在较大差异, 在地表处理下, 木质素含量越高, 质量损失越快。不同分解环境下凋落物质量和水溶性盐损失具有显著差异, 与15 cm埋深相比, 地表和2 cm埋深处理显著增加了凋落物的质量损失和水溶性盐总量损失。地表处理增加了凋落物分解前期的水溶性盐溶解量。该研究表明, 极端干旱区凋落物分解的驱动机制具有独特性, 由于降水稀少, 土壤微生物的活性较低, 掩埋深度不是驱动凋落物分解的主要因素, 极端干旱区凋落物的分解主要受其他非生物过程如太阳光辐射的影响。

关键词: 凋落物分解, 极端干旱区, 掩埋深度, 盐分

Abstract:

Aims Due to the extremely low precipitation, low vegetation coverage, strong solar radiation, and poor soil stability, litter turnover in extremely arid areas differs from that in non-arid areas. This study aimed to determine the patterns of leaf litter decomposition of contrasting initial qualities in an extremely arid region.
Methods We used the litter bag method to investigate changes of the mass and water-soluble salt content in the leaf litter of three dominant species, Karelinia caspia, Alhagi sparsifoliaand Populus euphratica,in the desert- oasis transitional zone of the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert, in responses to three levels of sand burial treatments, including placement of letter samples at the surface, and 2 cm and 15 cm soil depths, respectively, that represented different incubation environments under natural conditions.
Important findings The relationships of litter decomposition rate with the initial litter quality indicators, including carbon (C) content, nitrogen (N) content, C:N and lignin content, differed between the extremely arid sites and the non-arid sites. The litter placed on the surface had higher lignin content and faster mass loss than those subjected to other treatments. The losses of litter mass and changes in water-soluble salt content significantly varied with the level of burial treatments. Litter samples placed on the surface and at 2 cm depth had a significantly greater rate of losses in mass and water-soluble salt content than those at 15 cm depth. The surface litter had a greater amount of dissolved water-soluble salt in the early stage of decomposition. This study shows that the driving mechanism of litter decomposition in the extremely arid areas is unique. Under conditions of extremely low precipitation and the low activity of soil microorganisms, the buried depth is not the main factor driving the litter decomposition, whilst other abiotic processes such as solar radiation controlled the rate of decomposition.

Key words: litter decomposition, extremely arid area, burial depth, salt

范琳杰, 李成道, 李向义, Henry J. SUN, 林丽莎, 刘波. 极端干旱区沙土掩埋对凋落物分解速率及盐分含量动态的影响. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(2): 144-153. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0273

Fan Lin-Jie, LI Cheng-Dao, LI Xiang-Yi, Henry J. SUN, LIN Li-Sha, LIU Bo. Effects of sand burial on litter decomposition rate and salt content dynamics in an extremely arid region. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(2): 144-153. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0273

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0273

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I2/144

图/表 8

图1 极端干旱区研究样地气象数据。

Fig. 1 Meteorological data of the study site in extremely arid region.

表1 极端干旱区3种叶凋落物的初始化学组成(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Initial leaf litter chemical composition of the three species in extremely arid region (mean ± SE)

物种 Species	C (g·kg^-1)	N (g·kg^-1)	C:N	纤维素 Cellulose (%)	半纤维素 Semi-cellulose (%)	木质素 Lignin (%)	水溶性盐 Water-soluble salt (%)
花花柴 Karelinia caspia	367.4 ± 1.07^b	4.65 ± 0.07^b	79.07 ± 1.20^b	24.9 ± 1.4^b	14.3 ± 1.9^a	14.7 ± 0.8^a	18.1 ± 0.6^a
骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia	419.4 ± 0.58^a	11.75 ± 0.60^a	35.87 ± 1.83^c	28.1 ± 0.7^b	2.8 ± 0.3^b	10.7 ± 0.3^b	11.8 ± 0.3^b
胡杨 Populus euphratica	413.8 ± 0.70^a	3.57 ± 0.24^b	116.94 ± 7.68^a	35.7 ± 0.2^a	14.2 ± 1.2^a	12.9 ± 1.3^a	5.5 ± 0.1^c

图2 极端干旱区不同分解时间的凋落物质量残留率(平均值±标准误)。A, 花花柴。B, 骆驼。C, 胡杨。不同小写字母表示处理间的差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Ratio of remaining litter mass at different times of decomposition in extremely arid region (mean ± SE). A, Karelinia caspia. B, Alhagi sparsifolia. C, Populus euphratica. Different lowercase letters indicate that the significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).

图3 极端干旱区不同掩埋处理下凋落物分解速率常数(k)(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示相同处理下不同物种间的差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Values of the litter decomposition constant (k) for different burial treatments in extremely arid region (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between species under the same treatments (p < 0.05).

图4 极端干旱区不同分解时间的凋落物水溶性盐残留率(平均值±标准误)。A, 花花柴。B, 骆驼刺。C, 胡杨。不同小写字母表示处理间的差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Ratio of litter water-soluble salt residue at different times of decomposition in extremely arid region (mean ± SE). A, Karelinia caspia. B, Alhagi sparsifolia. C, Populus euphratica. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).

图5 极端干旱区凋落物质量残留与水溶性盐残留的关系。A, 地表。B, 2 cm埋深。C, 15 cm埋深。实线表示质量残留与水溶性盐残留关系的拟合曲线, 虚线表示y = x (1:1)。

Fig. 5 Relationships between litter mass and water-soluble salt residue in extremely arid region. A, Surface. B, 2 cm depth. C, 15 cm depth. The solid line represents the fitting curve of the relationship, and the dotted line represents y = x (1:1).

图6 极端干旱区不同分解时间的凋落物水溶性盐溶解量(平均值±标准误)。A, 花花柴。B, 骆驼刺。C, 胡杨。不同小写字母表示处理间的差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Litter dissolved water-soluble salt at different times of decomposition in extremely arid region (mean ± SE). A, Karelinia caspia. B, Alhagi sparsifolia. C, Populus euphratica. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).

图7 极端干旱区3种凋落物在不同处理条件下水溶性盐残留(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异达到显著水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 7 Ratio of litter water-soluble salt residue of three species under different treatments in extremely arid region (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).

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极端干旱区沙土掩埋对凋落物分解速率及盐分含量动态的影响

Effects of sand burial on litter decomposition rate and salt content dynamics in an extremely arid region

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