草地利用方式对土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0023

植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 239-248.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0023

所属专题：生态系统碳水能量通量；凋落物；土壤呼吸

草地利用方式对土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的影响

王忆慧, 龚吉蕊^*(), 刘敏, 黄永梅, 晏欣, 张梓瑜, 徐沙, 罗亲普

北京师范大学中药资源保护与利用北京市重点实验室, 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京师范大学资源学院, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2014-04-01 接受日期:2014-12-09 出版日期:2015-03-01 发布日期:2015-03-17
通讯作者: 龚吉蕊
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41340015和41030535)

Effects of grassland-use on soil respiration and litter decomposition

WANG Yi-Hui, GONG Ji-Rui^*(), LIU Min, HUANG Yong-Mei, YAN Xin, ZHANG Zi-Yu, XU Sha, LUO Qin-Pu

Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization of Beijing City, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science & Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2014-04-01 Accepted:2014-12-09 Online:2015-03-01 Published:2015-03-17
Contact: Ji-Rui GONG
About author:
# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草地利用方式影响植被群落结构和土壤微环境, 制约草地生态系统碳循环。该文通过测定温带草原在放牧、割草、围封3种利用方式下湿润年(2012年)和干旱年(2011年)的凋落物产量、质量及其分解速率和土壤碳通量, 分析了草地利用方式对土壤呼吸和凋落物的影响, 探讨了凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献机制。结果表明: 在干旱年份, 放牧样地土壤呼吸最大, 分别达到割草和围封样地的1.5倍和1.29倍; 在湿润年份, 割草样地土壤呼吸最大, 为309 g C∙m^-2∙a^-1, 明显高于放牧样地和围封样地。不论干旱年还是湿润年, 围封样地凋落物产量都大于放牧样地和割草样地。3种利用方式下湿润年土壤呼吸和凋落物分解均比干旱年增强。因此, 水分是温带草原植物生长和生态系统碳循环的主要限制因子, 草地利用方式则显著影响凋落物生产和分解。进一步分析表明, 经过两年的分解, 同一样地内凋落物质量C:N下降, N含量和木质素:N升高, 土壤呼吸与凋落物产量、凋落物分解速率以及木质素:N正相关, 而与凋落物C:N负相关。

关键词: 草地利用方式, 土壤呼吸, 凋落物分解, 凋落物生产, 凋落物质量

Abstract: Aims

Land use change affects ecosystem carbon dynamics by changing the plant community structure and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of land use on soil respiration and litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol and to identify the effects of litter quantity, quality and decomposition on soil respiration during growing season.

Methods

We measured soil respiration during growing season in 2011 and 2012 under three land use types, i.e. grazing, mowing, and grazing exclusion, by using an automatic infrared gas analyzer (LI-8100) that was connected to a multiplexer system (LI-8150). Quadrat surveys and litter bags were utilized to measure litter production and decomposition. Several chemical indicators of litter quality were measured to calculate the litter decay rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson correlation procedures of SPSS.

Important findings

Soil respiration and litter decomposition differed greatly among the three land-use types. In the drought year, the total soil respiration at the grazing site was 1.5 times greater than at the mowing site and 1.29 times greater than at the grazing-exclusion site. However, in the wet year, the total soil respiration at the mowing site reached 309 g C∙m^-2∙a^-1 and was greater than at both the grazing site and the grazing-exclusion site. Precipitation increased soil respiration and litter decomposition, indicating that soil water availability was a primary constraint on plant growth and ecosystem C processes. Also, the responses of soil respiration and litter composition to rainfall differed among the land-use types. Further analysis showed that the litter C:N decreased and the litter N content and lignin:N increased after 2-years of decomposition. In addition, soil respiration was significantly correlated to litter production (r = 0.78, p < 0.01), decay rates, C:N (r = -0.84, p < 0.01), and lignin:N (r = 0.62, p < 0.05).

Key words: land-use type, soil respiration, litter decomposition, litter production, litter quality

王忆慧, 龚吉蕊, 刘敏, 黄永梅, 晏欣, 张梓瑜, 徐沙, 罗亲普. 草地利用方式对土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的影响. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(3): 239-248. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0023

WANG Yi-Hui,GONG Ji-Rui,LIU Min,HUANG Yong-Mei,YAN Xin,ZHANG Zi-Yu,XU Sha,LUO Qin-Pu. Effects of grassland-use on soil respiration and litter decomposition. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(3): 239-248. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0023

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0023

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I3/239

图/表 7

图1 2011-2012年研究区的每日降水量和气温。

Fig. 1 Daily precipitation and air temperature in the study area during 2011-2012.

表1 3种利用方式下样地优势种的重要值(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)

Table 1 Importance value of dominant species under three land use types (mean ± SE, n = 5)

优势种 Dominant species	放牧样地 Grazing site	割草样地 Mowing site	围封样地 Grazing- exclusion site
冷蒿 Artemisia frigida	0.06 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.07	0.11 ± 0.08
羊草 Leymus chinensis	0.22 ± 0.05	0.14 ± 0.04	0.08 ± 0.12
大针茅 Stipa grandis	0.15 ± 0.08	0.10 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.08

表2 3种利用方式下样地的土壤特性(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)

Table 2 Soil properties under three land use types (mean ± SE, n = 5)

样地 Site	pH	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	全硫 Total sulfur (g·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)
放牧 Grazing	7.51 ± 0.17	1.50 ± 0.19	0.15 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.09	16.49 ± 3.73
割草 Mowing	6.91 ± 0.08	1.20 ± 0.05	0.37 ± 0.25	0.04 ± 0.00	21.30 ± 2.74
围封 Grazing-exclusion	7.78 ± 0.06	1.06 ± 0.06	0.12 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	15.36 ± 2.29

图2 2011和2012年3种草地利用方式下生长季土壤呼吸总量, 2011年土壤呼吸总量之间的差异用大写字母表示, 2012年土壤呼吸总量之间的差异用小写字母表示。

Fig. 2 Total soil respiration during the growing season under three grassland use types in 2011and 2012. The capital letters indicate the differences in total soil respiration in 2011 and the lowercase letters indicate the differences in total soil respiration in 2012.

图3 2011和2012年3种草地利用方式下凋落物产量(A)及其与土壤呼吸的相关性(B)(平均值±标准误差)。2011年凋落物产量之间的差异用大写字母表示, 2012年的用小写字母表示。

Fig. 3 Litter production (A) and its relationship with total soil respiration (B) under three grassland use types in 2011 and 2012 (mean ± SE). The capital letters indicate the differences in litter production in 2011 and the lowercase letters indicate the differences in litter production in 2012.

图4 2011和2012年3种草地利用方式下凋落物N含量(A)、C:N (B)、木质素:N (C)和土壤呼吸总量与凋落物N含量(D)、C:N (E)、木质素:N (F)的线性回归(平均值±标准误差)。2011年凋落物质量之间的差异用大写字母表示, 2012年凋落物质量之间的差异用小写字母表示。

Fig. 4 Litter N content (A), C:N ratio (B), and lignin:N ratio (C), and the liner regressions of total soil respiration with litter N content (D), C:N ratio (E), and lignin:N ratio (F) under three grassland-use types in 2011 and 2012 (mean ± SE). The capital letters indicate the differences in litter quality in 2011 and the lowercase letters indicate the differences in litter quality in 2012.

图5 2011和2012年生长季内土壤呼吸总量与凋落物分解速率k (A)、纤维素损失率(B)、木质素损失率(C)和土壤呼吸总量与凋落物分解速率k (D)、纤维素损失率(E)、木质素损失率(F)的线性回归(平均值±标准误差)。2011年凋落物质量之间的差异用大写字母表示, 2012年凋落物质量之间的差异用小写字母表示。

Fig. 5 Decomposition rate k (A), cellulose loss rate (B), and lignin loss rate (C), and the liner regressions of total soil respiration with decomposition rate k (D), cellulose loss rate (E) and lignin loss rate (F) under three grassland-use types in 2011 and 2012 (mean ± SE). The capital letters indicate the differences in the litter quality in 2011 and the lowercase letters indicate the differences in litter quality in 2012.

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草地利用方式对土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的影响

Effects of grassland-use on soil respiration and litter decomposition

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