中国森林生态系统土壤呼吸温度敏感性空间变异特征及影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0300

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 687-698.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0300

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；生态系统碳水能量通量；土壤呼吸

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

中国森林生态系统土壤呼吸温度敏感性空间变异特征及影响因素

郑甲佳¹^,², 黄松宇¹^,², 贾昕¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 田赟¹^,³, 牟钰¹^,², 刘鹏¹^,², 查天山¹^,²^,³

¹北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
²宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 北京 100083
³北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2019-11-04 接受日期:2020-02-02 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-03-26
通讯作者: 贾昕
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31670708);国家自然科学基金(31670710);国家自然科学基金(31901366);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2015ZCQ-SB-02)

Spatial variation and controlling factors of temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in forest ecosystems across China

ZHENG Jia-Jia¹^,², HUANG Song-Yu¹^,², JIA Xin¹^,²^,³^,^*(), TIAN Yun¹^,³, MU Yu¹^,², LIU Peng¹^,², ZHA Tian-Shan¹^,²^,³

¹School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²Yanchi Ecology Research Station of Mau Us Desert, Beijing 100083, China
³Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2019-11-04 Accepted:2020-02-02 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-03-26
Contact: JIA Xin
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670708);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670710);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901366);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2015ZCQ-SB-02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤呼吸的温度敏感性(Q₁₀)是陆地碳循环与气候系统间相互作用的关键参数。尽管已有大量关于不同类型森林Q₁₀季节和年际变化规律的研究, 但是对Q₁₀在区域尺度的空间变异特征及其影响因素仍认识不足, 已有结果缺乏一致结论。该研究通过整合已发表论文, 构建了中国森林生态系统年尺度Q₁₀数据集, 共包含399条记录、5种森林类型(落叶阔叶林(DBF)、落叶针叶林(DNF)、常绿阔叶林(EBF)、常绿针叶林(ENF)、混交林(MF))。分析了不同森林类型Q₁₀的空间变异特征及其与地理、气候和土壤因素的关系。结果显示, 1) Q₁₀介于1.09到6.24之间, 平均值(±标准误差)为2.37 (± 0.04), 且在不同森林类型之间无显著差异; 2)当考虑所有森林类型时, Q₁₀随纬度、海拔、土壤有机碳含量(SOC)和土壤全氮含量(TN)的增加而增大, 随经度、年平均气温(MAT)、平均年降水量(MAP)的增加而减小。气候(MAT、MAP)和土壤(SOC、TN)因素间存在相互作用, 共同解释了33%的Q₁₀空间变异, 其中MAT和SOC是Q₁₀空间变异的主要驱动因素; 3)不同类型森林Q₁₀对气候和土壤因素的响应存在差异。在DNF中Q₁₀随MAP的增加而减小, 而其他类型森林中Q₁₀与MAP无显著相关性; 在EBF、DBF、ENF中Q₁₀随TN的增加而增大, 但Q₁₀对TN的敏感性在EBF中最高, 在ENF中最低。这些结果表明, 尽管Q₁₀有一定的集中分布趋势, 但仍有较大范围的空间变异, 在进行碳收支估算时应注意尺度问题。Q₁₀的主要驱动因素和Q₁₀对环境因素的响应随森林类型而变化, 在气候变化情景下, 不同森林类型间Q₁₀可能发生分异。因此, 未来的碳循环-气候模型还应考虑不同类型森林碳循环关键参数对气候变化的响应差异。

关键词: 土壤呼吸, 温度敏感性, 碳循环, CO₂通量, 土壤碳通量

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to determine the spatial variation of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q₁₀) and it’s controlling factors in forest ecosystems across China.
Methods Based on published papers, the field measurement data of soil respiration were collected to build the dataset of annual Q₁₀ in forest ecosystems across China. Further, the spatial variation and the drivers of Q₁₀ in different forest types were analyzed.
Important findings The results showed that 1) Q₁₀ ranges from 1.09 to 6.24, with a mean value (± standard error) of 2.37 (± 0.04) and no significant difference among different forest types; 2) When all forest types were considered, Q₁₀ increased with increasing latitude, altitude, soil organic carbon content (SOC) and soil total nitrogen content (TN), but decreased with increasing longitude, mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Climate (MAT, MAP) and soil (SOC, TN) factors together explained 32.8% variations in Q₁₀. MAT and SOC were considered as the primary factors driving the spatial variation of Q₁₀. 3) Q₁₀ of different forest types responded differently to climate and soil factors. Q₁₀ decreased with the increase of MAP in the deciduous needleleaf forest (DNF), while Q₁₀ showed no significant correlation with MAP in other forest types. Q₁₀ increased with the increase of TN in evergreen broadleaved forest (EBF), deciduous broadleaved forest (DBF), evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF), and the sensitivity of Q₁₀ to TN was the highest in EBF and the lowest in ENF. Although Q₁₀ showed concentrated distribution trend, more attention should be paid to the large range of variation in future C budget studies. The primary driving factors and the response to environmental factors of Q₁₀ varied among forest types. Under the scenario of future climate change, Q₁₀may vary divergently among different forest types. Therefore, the divergent responses of key parameters of carbon cycle in different forest types to climate change should also be considered in future carbon-climate models.

Key words: soil respiration, temperature sensitivity, carbon cycle, CO₂ flux, soil carbon flux

郑甲佳, 黄松宇, 贾昕, 田赟, 牟钰, 刘鹏, 查天山. 中国森林生态系统土壤呼吸温度敏感性空间变异特征及影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(6): 687-698. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0300

ZHENG Jia-Jia, HUANG Song-Yu, JIA Xin, TIAN Yun, MU Yu, LIU Peng, ZHA Tian-Shan. Spatial variation and controlling factors of temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in forest ecosystems across China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(6): 687-698. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0300

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0300

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I6/687

图/表 7

表1 中国森林生态系统年尺度土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)数据集的相关信息

Table 1 Supporting information of the dataset of annual temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) in forest ecosystems across China

变量所属类型 Type of variable	变量 Variable
地理位置 Site	纬度(° N)、经度(° E)、海拔(m) Latitude (° N), Longitude (° E), Altitude (m)
气象因素 Climate factor	年平均气温(℃), 年降水量(mm), 年蒸发散(mm), 干燥指数(mm·mm^-1), 试验地当年平均气温(℃), 试验地当年降水量(mm) Mean annual temperature (℃), mean annual precipitation (mm), annual evapotranspiration (mm), aridity index (mm·mm^-1), mean annual temperature of study sites (℃), mean annual precipitation of study sites (mm)
植被因素 Vegetation factor	林分类型, 林龄(a), 叶面积指数(m²·m^-2) Stand type, stand age (a), leaf area index (m²·m^-2)
土壤温湿度 Soil temperature and moisture	测量期间平均土壤温度(℃), 测量期间土壤温度振幅(℃), 测量期间土壤体积含水率(m³·m^-3), 测量期间土壤质量含水率(%) Mean soil temperature during measurement (℃), soil temperature amplitude during measurement (℃), Soil volumetric water content during measurement (m³·m^-3), soil mass water content during measurement (%)
土壤理化性质 Soil physicochemical property	土壤有机碳含量(g·kg^-1), 土壤全氮含量(g·kg^-1), 土壤碳氮比, 土壤容重(g·cm^-3), 土壤酸碱度 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg^-1), soil total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1), soil carbon-nitrogen ratio, soil bulk density (g·cm^-3), soil pH
土壤呼吸温度敏感性 Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration	土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q₁₀), Van’t Hoff方程的决定系数(R²) Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q₁₀), the determination coefficient of Van’t Hoff equation (R²)
观测方法信息 Measurement method information	开始测量日期, 结束测量日期, CO₂测定方法(碱溶液吸收法, 气象色谱法, 红外法), 气室方法(静态密闭气室法, 动态密闭气室法、自动开闭气室法) Start date of measurement, end date of measurement, CO₂ measurement method (Alkali solution absorption, Gas chromatography, Infrared method), chamber method (Static closed chamber, Dynamic closed chamber, Automatic opening and closing chamber)
文献信息 Literature information	参考文献 References

表1 中国森林生态系统年尺度土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)数据集的相关信息

Table 1 Supporting information of the dataset of annual temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) in forest ecosystems across China

变量所属类型 Type of variable	变量 Variable
地理位置 Site	纬度(° N)、经度(° E)、海拔(m) Latitude (° N), Longitude (° E), Altitude (m)
气象因素 Climate factor	年平均气温(℃), 年降水量(mm), 年蒸发散(mm), 干燥指数(mm·mm^-1), 试验地当年平均气温(℃), 试验地当年降水量(mm) Mean annual temperature (℃), mean annual precipitation (mm), annual evapotranspiration (mm), aridity index (mm·mm^-1), mean annual temperature of study sites (℃), mean annual precipitation of study sites (mm)
植被因素 Vegetation factor	林分类型, 林龄(a), 叶面积指数(m²·m^-2) Stand type, stand age (a), leaf area index (m²·m^-2)
土壤温湿度 Soil temperature and moisture	测量期间平均土壤温度(℃), 测量期间土壤温度振幅(℃), 测量期间土壤体积含水率(m³·m^-3), 测量期间土壤质量含水率(%) Mean soil temperature during measurement (℃), soil temperature amplitude during measurement (℃), Soil volumetric water content during measurement (m³·m^-3), soil mass water content during measurement (%)
土壤理化性质 Soil physicochemical property	土壤有机碳含量(g·kg^-1), 土壤全氮含量(g·kg^-1), 土壤碳氮比, 土壤容重(g·cm^-3), 土壤酸碱度 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg^-1), soil total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1), soil carbon-nitrogen ratio, soil bulk density (g·cm^-3), soil pH
土壤呼吸温度敏感性 Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration	土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q₁₀), Van’t Hoff方程的决定系数(R²) Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q₁₀), the determination coefficient of Van’t Hoff equation (R²)
观测方法信息 Measurement method information	开始测量日期, 结束测量日期, CO₂测定方法(碱溶液吸收法, 气象色谱法, 红外法), 气室方法(静态密闭气室法, 动态密闭气室法、自动开闭气室法) Start date of measurement, end date of measurement, CO₂ measurement method (Alkali solution absorption, Gas chromatography, Infrared method), chamber method (Static closed chamber, Dynamic closed chamber, Automatic opening and closing chamber)
文献信息 Literature information	参考文献 References

图1 中国森林生态系统年尺度土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)数据集中研究站点的空间分布。

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of study sites included in the dataset of annual temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) in forest ecosystems across China. DBF, deciduous broadleaf forest; DNF, deciduous needleleaf forest; EBF, evergreen broadleaf forest; ENF, evergreen needleleaf forest; MF, mixed forest.

图2 土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)(A)和Van’t Hoff方程决定系数(R2)的频率分布(B)。实线表示平均值, 虚线表示中位数, 红色曲线为分布曲线。

Fig. 2 Frequency distributions of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10)(A) and coefficient of determination of Van’t Hoff equation (R2)(B). The solid line represents the mean value, the dashed line represents the median value, and the red curve is the distribution curve.

图3 不同森林类型的土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)(平均值±标准误差)。 n为样本量, 相同的字母表示组间均值无显著差异(α = 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10)(mean ± SE) in different forest types. n, the sample size; the same letter represents no significant difference in mean values between groups (α = 0.05). DBF, deciduous broadleaf forest; DNF, deciduous needleleaf forest; EBF, evergreen broadleaf forest; ENF, evergreen needleleaf forest; MF, mixed forest.

图4 土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)与纬度(A)、经度(B)、海拔(C)、年平均气温(D)、年降水量(E)、干燥指数(F)、土壤有机碳含量(G)、土壤全氮含量(H)、土壤碳氮比(I)的关系。

Fig. 4 Relationships between the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) with latitude (Lat)(A), longitude (Lon)(B), altitude (Alt)(C), mean annual temperature (MAT)(D), mean annual precipitation (MAP)(E), aridity index (AI)(F), soil organic carbon content (SOC)(G), soil total nitrogen content (TN)(H) and soil C:N (I). DBF, deciduous broadleaf forest; DNF, deciduous needleleaf forest; EBF, evergreen broadleaf forest; ENF, evergreen needleleaf forest; MF, mixed forest.

图5 气候因素和土壤因素对土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)空间变异影响的结构方程模型(A)和标准化总效应(B)。箭头旁边的数字是标准化路径系数γ, 实线箭头和虚线箭头分别代表模型中的正负效应。模型中所有路径均是显著的(p < 0.01), R2 (粗体数字)表示有关变量的共同解释度, χ2 = 1.39, df = 1, p = 0.24, RMSEA = 0.032。

Fig. 5 Structural equation model (A) and standardized total effect (B) of the effect of climatic and soil factors on spatial variation in the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10). Numbers beside arrows are standardized path coefficients (γ), the solid and dashed arrows represent the positive and negative effects in a fitted structural equation model, respectively. All paths in this model are significant (p < 0.01). R2 (bold number) values represent the proportion of variance explainable by each variable in the model, χ2 = 1.39, df = 1, p = 0.24, RMSEA = 0.032. MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual temperature; SOC, soil organic carbon content; TN, soil total nitrogen content.

表2 土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)与气候(MAT、MAP)和土壤因素(SOC、TN)的多元线性回归

Table 2 Multiple linear regression of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) with climate (MAT, MAP) and soil factors (SOC, TN)

森林类型 Forest type	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	F	p	n
DBF	Q₁₀ = -0.027MAT + 0.334TN + 2.00	0.38	13.06	<0.01	46
DNF	Q₁₀ = -0.099MAT + 0.066SOC + 2.81	0.99	99.86	<0.01	6
EBF	Q₁₀ = -0.001MAP + 0.451TN + 2.92	0.50	28.38	<0.01	61
ENF	Q₁₀ = -0.060MAT + 0.006SOC + 3.11	0.44	22.97	<0.01	61
MF	Q₁₀ = -0.041MAT + 0.014SOC + 2.72	0.33	6.30	<0.01	29
All	Q₁₀ = -0.047MAT + 0.012SOC + 2.83	0.33	49.55	<0.01	208

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中国森林生态系统土壤呼吸温度敏感性空间变异特征及影响因素

Spatial variation and controlling factors of temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in forest ecosystems across China

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