放牧对草地生态系统影响的研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0314

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 553-564.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0314

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；生物地球化学

放牧对草地生态系统影响的研究进展

张扬建¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 朱军涛¹, 沈若楠¹^,⁴, 王荔⁵

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 拉萨高原生态试验站, 北京 100101
²中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心, 北京 100101
³中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100190
⁴中国科学院大学, 北京 100190

收稿日期:2019-11-18 接受日期:2020-04-19 出版日期:2020-05-20 发布日期:2020-04-30
通讯作者: ORCID: 张扬建: 0000-0001-6758-2453
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41725003)

Research progress on the effects of grazing on grassland ecosystem

ZHANG Yang-Jian¹^,²^,³^,^*(), ZHU Jun-Tao¹, SHEN Ruo-Nan¹^,⁴, WANG Li⁵

¹Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
²CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; and 5Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China

Received:2019-11-18 Accepted:2020-04-19 Online:2020-05-20 Published:2020-04-30
Contact: ZHANG Yang-Jian
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41725003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球草地占据30%左右的陆地面积, 在全球气候变化、碳氮及养分循环、保持水土、调节畜牧业生产等方面具有重要的作用。目前草地的主要利用方式之一就是放牧, 不同的牲畜种类、放牧强度、年限、历史和制度等, 会影响草地植物群落、生物多样性及土壤微生物, 进而影响草地生态系统结构、功能和过程。该文围绕放牧对草地生态系统结构、功能和过程的影响, 1)回顾了20世纪50年代到现在各个历史阶段放牧对草地生态系统影响的研究; 2)利用文献计量分析的方法, 剖析了放牧对草地影响研究的热点内容、重要区域和关键词等; 3)阐明了放牧对草地植物生长、群落特征、碳氮及养分循环、生产力及土壤质量等的各方面影响的研究进展及国内相关研究的优势及存在的主要问题和不足; 4)基于上述分析, 从草地放牧精准管理、经典假说验证、放牧和全球变化研究相结合等方面, 提出未来研究的前沿方向和优先领域。该文在系统总结放牧对草地生态系统影响的研究进展、研究优势及存在问题的基础上, 提出未来的研究应与全球变化相结合, 为我国的草地放牧生态学研究、适应性管理和可持续利用等提供科学基础。

关键词: 放牧, 草地生态系统, 生态系统结构, 生态系统功能, 碳循环, 氮循环, 全球变化

Abstract:

As an important component of terrestrial ecosystems, natural grasslands cover 30% of the global land. Thus, grasslands play a significant role in global carbon cycle, climate change, water retention, soil and water conservation, livestock production and so on. Grazing, as one common use of grasslands, brings fundamental impacts on plant individuals, populations, communities, biodiversity, soil quality and microbes, and then affects structural and functional processes of grassland ecosystems through different kinds of grazing livestock, grazing intensity, period, and system. We explored the effects of grazing on grassland ecosystem by using the methods of bibliometric analysis and literature review. To summarize the effects of grazing on grassland structure and functional processes, our study 1) reviewed the research stages on the impacts of grazing on grassland ecosystems since the 1950s; 2) extracted the hot topics, important research areas and keywords of previous research; 3) revealed the cutting-edge and limitations of domestic research on the effects of grazing on plants growth, community characteristics, carbon, nitrogen and nutrient cycling, productivity and soil quality; 4) proposed the future research directions and priority areas from the aspects of precise grazing management, validation of related hypothesis, and global change research. This study can provide scientific basis for grassland grazing ecology research, adaptive management and sustainable development in China.

Key words: grazing, grassland ecosystem, ecosystem structure, ecosystem function, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, global change

张扬建, 朱军涛, 沈若楠, 王荔. 放牧对草地生态系统影响的研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(5): 553-564. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0314

ZHANG Yang-Jian, ZHU Jun-Tao, SHEN Ruo-Nan, WANG Li. Research progress on the effects of grazing on grassland ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(5): 553-564. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0314

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0314

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I5/553

图/表 3

图1 放牧影响草地的不同关键词相关文章发表数。

Fig. 1 Number of articles published within different keywords related to the impact of grazing on grassland.

图2 放牧对草地生态系统的影响不同研究阶段概述。

Fig. 2 Overview of different research stages for the influence of grazing on grassland ecosystem.

图3 放牧对生态系统影响的热点关键词关联可视化图。

Fig. 3 Correlation relationship of hot keywords for the influence of grazing on ecosystem.

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放牧对草地生态系统影响的研究进展

Research progress on the effects of grazing on grassland ecosystem

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