长期不同放牧强度下荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草叶片解剖结构变化

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0018

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 331-340.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0018 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0018

长期不同放牧强度下荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草叶片解剖结构变化

萨其拉, 张霞, 朱琳, 康萨如拉^*()

内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 农业农村部饲草栽培、加工与高效利用重点实验室; 草地资源教育部重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010019

收稿日期:2023-01-19 接受日期:2023-05-30 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2023-06-01
通讯作者: *(srlkang@imau.edu.cn)
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2021MS03043);国家自然科学基金(32192463);内蒙古自治区重大专项(ZDZX2018020)

Leaf anatomical changes of Cleistogenes songorica under long-term grazing with different intensities in a desert steppe

SACHURA , ZHANG Xia, ZHU Lin, KANG Saruul^*()

College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China

Received:2023-01-19 Accepted:2023-05-30 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2023-06-01
Contact: *(srlkang@imau.edu.cn)
Supported by:
Nei Mongol Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation(2021MS03043);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32192463);Major Special Projects in Nei Mongol Autonomous Region(ZDZX2018020)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨长期(19年)放牧干扰下荒漠草原植物的响应与适生策略, 该研究以荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)作为研究对象, 测量不同放牧强度(控制、轻度、中度、重度)下叶片解剖结构指标, 探讨无芒隐子草叶片解剖结构对长期放牧干扰作出的响应。结果表明: (1)保护组织方面, 角质层厚度、角质层厚度占叶片厚度比均随着放牧强度的增加呈先减小后增加趋势。泡状细胞厚度随着放牧强度的增加先减小后增加, 与对照、中度、重度放牧区相比, 轻度放牧区泡状细胞厚度显著减小。(2)维管组织方面, 维管束面积、导管面积、韧皮部面积3个指标均随放牧强度的增加呈先增加后减小趋势。木质部面积随着放牧强度增加先减小后增加。维管组织占比方面, 木质部占维管束面积比随着放牧强度增加而增加, 而主导管占主脉维管束面积比随着放牧强度增加而减小。韧皮部面积随着放牧强度的增加呈先增加后减小趋势, 与对照区相比, 3种放牧区韧皮部面积显著减小。(3)花环结构面积随着放牧强度的增加呈增加趋势, 与对照区相比, 3种放牧区花环结构面积显著增加。上述结果表明无芒隐子草叶片各项解剖结构均对长期放牧干扰作出适当响应以确保自身在受放牧等人为干扰的荒漠草原脆弱生态系统中持续生存。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 长期放牧, 放牧强度, 叶片解剖结构, 无芒隐子草

Abstract:

Aims Physiological responses at the leaf level are determined by anatomical structure. Quantitative analysis of the responses of leaf anatomy to grazing in desert steppe is of great theoretical implications to reveal the ecological adaptation mechanism of plants to harsh environment.

Methods We measured 13 anatomical indices for leaves of Cleistogenes songorica, a dominant species in desert steppe under different grazing intensities, including control (CK), lightly grazing (LG), moderately grazing (MG), and heavy grazing (HG). Many indices measured were related to photosynthesis, including protective tissue, vascular tissue, and Kranz structure area. Comparative analysis for all the indices was made among different grazing intensities.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) cuticle thickness, as well as the ratio of cuticle thickness to leaf thickness first decreased and then increased with increasing grazing intensity. The thickness of motor cells decreases first and then increases with the increase of grazing intensity, compared with control and moderately heavy grazing areas, the thickness of motor cells in lightly grazing areas significantly decreased. (2) In terms of vascular tissue, the area of vascular bundle, vessel area, and phloem area were firstly increased and then decreased with the increases of grazing intensity. xylem area first decreased and then increased with the increases of grazing intensity. In terms of vascular tissue proportion, the ratio of xylem to vascular bundle area increased with the increases of grazing intensity, while the ratio between dominant vessel to vascular bundle area decreased with the increases of grazing intensity. The phloem area increased first and then decreased with the increases of grazing intensity. Compared with the control, phloem area significantly decreased in the three grazing treatments. (3) The area of Kranz structure increased with the increases of grazing intensity. Compared with that in the control, the area of Kranz structure was significantly increased in the three grazing treatments.

Key words: desert steppe, long-term grazing, grazing intensity, leaf anatomical structure, Cleistogenes songorica

萨其拉, 张霞, 朱琳, 康萨如拉. 长期不同放牧强度下荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草叶片解剖结构变化. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(3): 331-340. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0018

SACHURA , ZHANG Xia, ZHU Lin, KANG Saruul. Leaf anatomical changes of Cleistogenes songorica under long-term grazing with different intensities in a desert steppe. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(3): 331-340. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0018

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0018

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I3/331

图/表 5

表1 无芒隐子草叶片解剖性状测量指标

Table 1 Measurement index of anatomical structure of Cleistogenes songorica leaf

组织类型 Tissue type	生态学含义 Ecological implication	测量指标 Measurement index
保护组织 Protective tissue	存在于植物体表、由一层或数层细胞构成, 具有防止水分过度蒸腾, 抵抗外界风雨和病虫害侵入等作用的一种组织 A tissue on the surface of a plant consisting of one or more layers of cells that prevents excessive transpiration of water and resists the invasion of wind, rain, pests and diseases	角质层厚度 Cuticle thickness (μm)
保护组织 Protective tissue		角质层占中脉区叶片厚度比例 Proportion of cuticle to leaf thickness in midrib area (%)
维管组织 Vascular tissue	由木质部和韧皮部组成的输导水分和营养物质, 并有一定支持功能的植物组织 A plant tissue consisting of xylem and phloem that carries water and nutrients and has certain supporting functions	维管束面积 Vascular bundle area (μm)
		木质部面积 Xylem area (μm)
		韧皮部面积 Phloem area (μm)
		中脉厚度 Midrib thickness (μm)
		导管面积 Vessel area (μm)
		泡状细胞厚度 Motor cell thickness (μm)
		导管占木质部面积比例 Proportion of xylem area in ducts (%)
		主导管占主脉维管束面积比例 Proportion of dominant vessel area in main vascular bundle (%)
		木质部占维管束面积比例 Proportion of xylem to vascular bundle area (%)
		木质部和韧皮部面积比 Area ratio of xylem to phloem (%)
其他 Others	植物叶脉的维管束鞘细胞和外围一圈较大型叶肉细胞共同形成的环形结构, 这种典型的光合器官能充分利用环境中较低浓度的CO₂进行光合作用 The vascular sheath cells and the larger mesophyll cells in the periphery of the leaf vein form a ring structure. This typical photosynthetic organ can make full use of the low concentration of CO₂ in the environment for photosynthesis	花环结构面积 Kranz structure area (μm)

表1 无芒隐子草叶片解剖性状测量指标

Table 1 Measurement index of anatomical structure of Cleistogenes songorica leaf

组织类型 Tissue type	生态学含义 Ecological implication	测量指标 Measurement index
保护组织 Protective tissue	存在于植物体表、由一层或数层细胞构成, 具有防止水分过度蒸腾, 抵抗外界风雨和病虫害侵入等作用的一种组织 A tissue on the surface of a plant consisting of one or more layers of cells that prevents excessive transpiration of water and resists the invasion of wind, rain, pests and diseases	角质层厚度 Cuticle thickness (μm)
保护组织 Protective tissue		角质层占中脉区叶片厚度比例 Proportion of cuticle to leaf thickness in midrib area (%)
维管组织 Vascular tissue	由木质部和韧皮部组成的输导水分和营养物质, 并有一定支持功能的植物组织 A plant tissue consisting of xylem and phloem that carries water and nutrients and has certain supporting functions	维管束面积 Vascular bundle area (μm)
		木质部面积 Xylem area (μm)
		韧皮部面积 Phloem area (μm)
		中脉厚度 Midrib thickness (μm)
		导管面积 Vessel area (μm)
		泡状细胞厚度 Motor cell thickness (μm)
		导管占木质部面积比例 Proportion of xylem area in ducts (%)
		主导管占主脉维管束面积比例 Proportion of dominant vessel area in main vascular bundle (%)
		木质部占维管束面积比例 Proportion of xylem to vascular bundle area (%)
		木质部和韧皮部面积比 Area ratio of xylem to phloem (%)
其他 Others	植物叶脉的维管束鞘细胞和外围一圈较大型叶肉细胞共同形成的环形结构, 这种典型的光合器官能充分利用环境中较低浓度的CO₂进行光合作用 The vascular sheath cells and the larger mesophyll cells in the periphery of the leaf vein form a ring structure. This typical photosynthetic organ can make full use of the low concentration of CO₂ in the environment for photosynthesis	花环结构面积 Kranz structure area (μm)

图1 无芒隐子草叶片保护组织对不同放牧强度的响应。CK, 对照; HG, 重度放牧; LG, 轻度放牧; MG, 中度放牧。相同小写字母表示放牧强度间差异不显著(p > 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Response of leaf protection tissue to different grazing intensities of Cleistogenes songorica. CK, control; HG, heavy grazing; LG, lightly grazing; MG, moderately grazing. The same lowercase letter indicate that there is no significant difference between grazing intensity (p > 0.05).

图2 无芒隐子草叶片维管组织对不同放牧强度的响应。CK, 对照; HG, 重度放牧; LG, 轻度放牧; MG, 中度放牧。不同小写字母表示放牧强度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Response of vascular tissue of Cleistogenes songorica to different grazing intensities. CK, control; HG, heavy grazing; LG, lightly grazing; MG, moderately grazing. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in grazing intensity (p < 0.05).

图3 无芒隐子草叶片维管组织面积占比对不同放牧强度的响应。CK, 对照; HG, 重度放牧; LG, 轻度放牧; MG, 中度放牧。不同小写字母表示放牧强度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Response of area proportion of vascular tissue in leaves of Cleistogenes songorica under different grazing intensities. CK, control; HG, heavy grazing; LG, lightly grazing; MG, moderately grazing. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in grazing intensity (p < 0.05).

图4 无芒隐子草叶片花环结构面积对不同放牧强度的响应。CK, 对照; HG, 重度放牧; LG, 轻度放牧; MG, 中度放牧。不同小写字母表示放牧强度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Response of Kranz structure area to different grazing intensities of Cleistogenes songorica leaf. CK, control; HG, heavy grazing; LG, lightly grazing; MG, moderately grazing. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in grazing intensity (p < 0.05).

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长期不同放牧强度下荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草叶片解剖结构变化

Leaf anatomical changes of Cleistogenes songorica under long-term grazing with different intensities in a desert steppe

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