围封对内蒙古典型草原与荒漠草原植被-土壤系统碳密度的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0067

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草地生态系统是巨大的碳库, 在全球碳循环中起着重要的作用。该研究以内蒙古中温带草地区典型草原和荒漠草原为研究对象, 测定了两种草原类型围封与放牧后地上生物量碳密度、地下生物量碳密度和土壤碳密度, 探讨围封对两种草原类型植被-土壤系统碳密度的影响。结果表明: (1)围封显著地增加了典型草原地上和地下生物量的碳密度, 对荒漠草原地上生物量碳密度增加影响显著, 对地下生物量碳密度增加影响不显著; (2)围封显著地增加了典型草原土壤碳密度, 使荒漠草原土壤碳密度有增加的趋势, 但影响不显著; (3)典型草原围封样地地下生物量和土壤碳密度的垂直分布显著高于放牧样地, 而荒漠草原围封样地地下生物量和土壤碳密度的垂直分布与放牧样地的差异不显著; (4)围封分别提高了典型草原和荒漠草原植被-土壤系统碳密度的2.2倍和1.6倍, 典型草原和荒漠草原分别有超过65%和89%的碳储存在土壤中, 两种草原类型的地下生物量碳库均占总生物量碳库的90%以上。研究结果表明围封能够有效地增加草原生态系统的碳储量。

关键词: 围封, 典型草原, 荒漠草原, 碳密度, 垂直分布

Abstract:

Aims As an immense carbon (C) stock, grassland ecosystem plays a crucial role in global C cycling. The objective of this research was to reveal the effects of enclosure on C density of the plant-soil system by comparing the aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) and soil C density in enclosure plots with those in grazing plots in the typical steppe (TS) and desert steppe (DS) in Nei Mongol, China.

Methods At each of the 19 study sites, we set up a 100 m × 100 m plot and 5 quadrats (1 m × 1 m) along the diagonal transect within each plot. At each quadrat, AGB was harvested first and then a soil core (0-100 cm depth, 7 cm inner diameter) was taken for BGB and soil C content measurement. Each soil core was divided into 7 depth increments (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-50 cm, 50-70 cm, 70-100 cm).

Important findings (1) Enclosure significantly increased C density of AGB and BGB in TS. In DS, enclosure significantly increased C density of AGB, but had no significant effect on the C density of BGB. (2) Enclosure significantly increased soil C density in TS, but had no significant impact in DS although there was an increasing trend. (3) For all increments along the soil profile, enclosure significantly increased BGB and soil C density compared to grazing plots in TS, but this effect was not found in DS. (4) Enclosure increased C density of the plant-soil system by 2.2 and 1.6 times in TS and DS, respectively. 65% and 89% C was stored in soil in TS and DS, respectively, and BGB C stock accounted for more than 90% of total biomass C in both TS and DS. Enclosure is an effective approach to improve C sequestration in grassland ecosystems.

Key words: enclosure, typical steppe, desert steppe, carbon density, vertical distribution

闫宝龙, 王忠武, 屈志强, 王静, 韩国栋. 围封对内蒙古典型草原与荒漠草原植被-土壤系统碳密度的影响. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(3): 327-336. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0067

YAN Bao-Long, WANG Zhong-Wu, QU Zhi-Qiang, WANG Jing, HAN Guo-Dong. Effects of enclosure on carbon density of plant-soil system in typical steppe and desert steppe in Nei Mongol, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(3): 327-336. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0067

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0067

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I3/327

图/表 8

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草原类型 Steppe type	利用方式 Utilization pattern	经度 Longitude (° E)	纬度 Latitude (° N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	行政区域 Administrative division	土壤类型 Soil type	植物群落 Plant community
典型草原 Typical steppe	全年放牧 Year-round grazing	112.43	43.10	1 081	SY	草原风沙土 Grassland sand soil	冷蒿 Artemisia frigida
		113.16	42.12	1 362	SY	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	羊草 Leymus chinensis
		113.84	43.83	1 135	SZ	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	西北针茅+冷蒿 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Artemisia frigida
		114.00	42.54	1 196	XH	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	小叶锦鸡儿+大针茅 Caragana microphylla + Stipa grandis
		114.40	42.43	1 258	XH	栗褐土 Cinnamon soil	西北针茅+糙隐子草 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Cleistogenes squarrosa
	禁牧 Ungrazing	114.43	42.47	1 216	XH	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	冷蒿 Artemisia frigida
		115.04	42.26	1 397	ZB	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	西北针茅 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii
		115.10	42.60	1 266	ZB	栗褐土 Chestnut soil	西北针茅+冰草 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Agropyron cristatum
		115.14	42.31	1 334	ZB	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	西北针茅+小叶锦鸡儿 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Caragana microphylla
		115.27	42.38	1 285	ZB	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	西北针茅+冷蒿 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Artemisia frigida
荒漠草原 Desert steppe	全年放牧 Year-round grazing	111.35	43.39	1 050	SY	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	小针茅+画眉草 Stipa klemenzii + Eragrostis pilosa
		112.34	43.27	1 016	SY	棕钙土 Brown soil	小针茅+多根葱 Stipa klemenzii + Allium polyrhizum
		112.58	42.95	1 094	SY	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	小针茅+无芒隐子草 Stipa klemenzii + Cleistogenes songorica
		113.37	43.41	1 060	SY	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	小针茅 Stipa klemenzii
		112.66	44.57	1 193	SZ	棕钙土 Brown soil	西北针茅 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii
		113.34	43.95	949	SZ	棕钙土 Brown soil	西北针茅+小叶锦鸡儿 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Caragana microphylla
		113.63	43.62	1 096	SZ	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	西北针茅 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii
		113.83	43.50	1 036	SZ	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	西北针茅+狭叶锦鸡儿 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Caragana microphylla
	禁牧 Ungrazing	112.74	42.77	1 097	SY	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	西北针茅 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii

草原类型 Steppe type	利用方式 Utilization pattern	经度 Longitude (° E)	纬度 Latitude (° N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	行政区域 Administrative division	土壤类型 Soil type	植物群落 Plant community
典型草原 Typical steppe	全年放牧 Year-round grazing	112.43	43.10	1 081	SY	草原风沙土 Grassland sand soil	冷蒿 Artemisia frigida
		113.16	42.12	1 362	SY	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	羊草 Leymus chinensis
		113.84	43.83	1 135	SZ	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	西北针茅+冷蒿 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Artemisia frigida
		114.00	42.54	1 196	XH	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	小叶锦鸡儿+大针茅 Caragana microphylla + Stipa grandis
		114.40	42.43	1 258	XH	栗褐土 Cinnamon soil	西北针茅+糙隐子草 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Cleistogenes squarrosa
	禁牧 Ungrazing	114.43	42.47	1 216	XH	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	冷蒿 Artemisia frigida
		115.04	42.26	1 397	ZB	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	西北针茅 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii
		115.10	42.60	1 266	ZB	栗褐土 Chestnut soil	西北针茅+冰草 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Agropyron cristatum
		115.14	42.31	1 334	ZB	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	西北针茅+小叶锦鸡儿 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Caragana microphylla
		115.27	42.38	1 285	ZB	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	西北针茅+冷蒿 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Artemisia frigida
荒漠草原 Desert steppe	全年放牧 Year-round grazing	111.35	43.39	1 050	SY	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	小针茅+画眉草 Stipa klemenzii + Eragrostis pilosa
		112.34	43.27	1 016	SY	棕钙土 Brown soil	小针茅+多根葱 Stipa klemenzii + Allium polyrhizum
		112.58	42.95	1 094	SY	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	小针茅+无芒隐子草 Stipa klemenzii + Cleistogenes songorica
		113.37	43.41	1 060	SY	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	小针茅 Stipa klemenzii
		112.66	44.57	1 193	SZ	棕钙土 Brown soil	西北针茅 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii
		113.34	43.95	949	SZ	棕钙土 Brown soil	西北针茅+小叶锦鸡儿 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Caragana microphylla
		113.63	43.62	1 096	SZ	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	西北针茅 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii
		113.83	43.50	1 036	SZ	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	西北针茅+狭叶锦鸡儿 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Caragana microphylla
	禁牧 Ungrazing	112.74	42.77	1 097	SY	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	西北针茅 Stipa sareptana var. krylovii

影响因子 Impact factor	典型草原 Typical steppe				荒漠草原 Desert steppe
	地下生物量碳密度 Belowground biomass carbon density (g·m^-2)		土壤碳密度 Soil carbon density (kg·m^-2)		地下生物量碳密度 Belowground biomass carbon density (g·cm^-3)		土壤碳密度 Soil carbon density (kg·m^-2)
	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
放牧利用 Grazing	164.48	<0.000 1	126.39	<0.000 1	33.82	<0.000 1	0.04	0.832 7
土层深度 Soil depth	40.31	<0.000 1	6.88	<0.000 1	0.20	0.655 6	9.86	<0.000 1
放牧利用×土层深度 Grazing × Soil depth	22.41	<0.000 1	1.95	0.086 1	1.05	0.393 4	0.59	0.711 2

影响因子 Impact factor	典型草原 Typical steppe				荒漠草原 Desert steppe
	地下生物量碳密度 Belowground biomass carbon density (g·m^-2)		土壤碳密度 Soil carbon density (kg·m^-2)		地下生物量碳密度 Belowground biomass carbon density (g·cm^-3)		土壤碳密度 Soil carbon density (kg·m^-2)
	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
放牧利用 Grazing	164.48	<0.000 1	126.39	<0.000 1	33.82	<0.000 1	0.04	0.832 7
土层深度 Soil depth	40.31	<0.000 1	6.88	<0.000 1	0.20	0.655 6	9.86	<0.000 1
放牧利用×土层深度 Grazing × Soil depth	22.41	<0.000 1	1.95	0.086 1	1.05	0.393 4	0.59	0.711 2