放牧对草地生态系统服务和功能权衡关系的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0289

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 408-417.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0289

所属专题：生态系统结构与功能

放牧对草地生态系统服务和功能权衡关系的影响

汤永康^1,²,武艳涛¹,武魁³,郭之伟¹,梁存柱^1,^*(),王敏杰¹,常佩静²

^1. 内蒙古大学生态与环境学院, 呼和浩特 010021
^2. 阿拉善盟气象局, 内蒙古阿拉善 750300
^3. 内蒙古自治区锡林浩特国家气候观象台, 内蒙古锡林浩特 026000

收稿日期:2020-08-09 接受日期:2019-05-12 出版日期:2019-05-20 发布日期:2019-10-18
通讯作者: 梁存柱
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500503);内蒙古自治区科技计划(20140409)

Changes in trade-offs of grassland ecosystem services and functions under different grazing intensities

TANG Yong-Kang^1,²,WU Yan-Tao¹,WU Kui³,GUO Zhi-Wei¹,LIANG Cun-Zhu^1,^*(),WANG Min-Jie¹,CHANG Pei-Jing²

^1. Faculty of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
^2. Alxa League Meteorological Bureau, Alxa, Nei Mongol 750300, China
^3. Xilinhot National Climate Observing Station, Xilinhot, Nei Mongol 026000, China

Received:2020-08-09 Accepted:2019-05-12 Online:2019-05-20 Published:2019-10-18
Contact: LIANG Cun-Zhu
Supported by:
Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0500503);The Science and Technology Project of Nei Mongol Autonomous Region(20140409)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

内蒙古草原是我国北方的重要生态屏障和绿色畜牧业基地, 放牧是草原生态系统的主要利用和管理方式, 在放牧管理中充分发挥生态系统某一项或几项服务和功能最大利用价值时, 往往会与其他服务(功能)发生冲突, 需要权衡多项生态系统服务和功能, 制定合理的放牧管理制度。该研究以内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原为例, 通过设置不放牧、轻度放牧、中度放牧以及重度放牧的放牧梯度, 从多项生态系统服务和功能权衡的角度比较了最适放牧管理强度。结果显示, 在放牧管理的草地生态系统服务和功能的权衡中, 权衡、协同、不相关关系同时存在, 如土壤呼吸速率与植物群落净生长量、生物多样性与植物群落净光合速率表现为权衡关系, 植物群落净生长量分别与土壤含水量、植物群落净光合速率及草地蒸散速率存在协同关系, 土壤有机碳含量与其他服务或功能间呈不相关关系; 放牧能不同程度地削弱多项生态系统服务及功能间的权衡关系(冲突对立关系); 中度放牧条件下的多项生态系统服务及功能的协同性最佳。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 生态系统功能, 权衡分析, 典型草原, 放牧梯度

Abstract: Aims The Nei Mongol Steppe plays an important role for livestock production, and it has been one of the green ecological shelters for Northern China. Enhancing some ecosystem services (provisioning services) in managing the ecosystems may causes reductions of other services, such as regulating and supporting services. The knowledge on how grazing intensity influence the trade-offs is lacking. Methods In order to find out the optimized grazing regimes, we conducted an experiment on a typical steppe in Xinlin Gol with four grazing intensities (no grazing, light grazing, moderate grazing and heavy grazing) in the Nei Mongol Steppe. Important findings Our results showed that: synergetic, trade-offs and no relationships among different ecosystem services existed in all treatments on the managed steppe system. The trade-offs relationship was found between soil respiration rate and net plant biomass growth, and between biodiversity and net photosynthetic rate. However the synergetic relationships were observed between net plant biomass growth and soil water content, between net plant growth biomass and net photosynthetic rate, and also between grassland evapotranspiration rate and biodiversity. The results indicated soil organic carbon was not related to other ecosystem services and functions. Grazing could weaken the conflicts among the ecosystem services. Moderate grazing intensity maximumize ecosystem services and functions.

Key words: ecosystem service, ecosystem function, trade-off analysis, typical steppe, grazing intensity

汤永康, 武艳涛, 武魁, 郭之伟, 梁存柱, 王敏杰, 常佩静. 放牧对草地生态系统服务和功能权衡关系的影响. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(5): 408-417. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0289

TANG Yong-Kang, WU Yan-Tao, WU Kui, GUO Zhi-Wei, LIANG Cun-Zhu, WANG Min-Jie, CHANG Pei-Jing. Changes in trade-offs of grassland ecosystem services and functions under different grazing intensities. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(5): 408-417. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0289

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0289

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I5/408

图/表 5

图1 2016-2017年锡林浩特市月平均气温与降水量分布情况。

Fig. 1 An illustration of monthly mean air temperature and precipitation of Xilinhot from 2016 to 2017.

图2 生态系统服务和功能权衡关系图(Bradford & D’Amato, 2012; Lu et al., 2014)。

Fig. 2 An illustration of trade-offs between ecosystem services (ES)(Bradford & D’Amato, 2012; Lu et al., 2014).

图3 不同放牧强度下草地生态系统服务和功能的变化(平均值+标准误差)。相同小写字母表示不同放牧强度下无显著差异(p > 0.05)。CK, 对照; LG, 轻度放牧; MG, 中度放牧; HG, 重度放牧。

Fig. 3 Variations of the ecosystem services (functions) of the studied grassland under different grazing intensities (mean + SE). The same lowercase letter means no significant different between grazing intensities (p > 0.05). CK, control; LG, light grazing; MG, moderate grazing; HG, heavy grazing.

图4 2017年典型草原两项生态系统服务(功能)散点分布图。CK, 对照; LG, 轻度放牧; MG, 中度放牧; HG, 重度放牧。GER, 草地蒸散速率; GP, 群落净生长量; NPR, 群落净光合速率; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; SRR, 土壤呼吸速率; SWC, 土壤含水量; SWI, Shannon-Wiener指数。

Fig. 4 Scatter plot matrices of paired ecosystem services (functions) in 2017. CK, control; LG, light grazing; MG, moderate grazing; HG, heavy grazing. GER, grassland evapotranspiration rate; GP, grassland net growth production; NPR, community net photosynthetic rate; SOC, soil organic carbon; SRR, soil respiration rate; SWC, soil water content; SWI, Shannon-Wiener index.

图5 典型草原多项生态系统服务及功能权衡雷达图(A)和各项服务及功能值雷达图(B)。CK, 对照; LG, 轻度放牧; MG, 中度放牧; HG, 重度放牧。GER, 草地蒸散速率; GP, 群落净生长量; NPR, 群落净光合速率; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; SRR, 土壤呼吸速率; SWC, 土壤含水量; SWI, Shannon-Wiener指数。

Fig. 5 Radar plots of trade-offs among multi-ecosystem services (functions)(A) and Radar plots of the ES values (B) of multi-ecosystem services (functions) for the studied grassland under grazing gradients. CK, control; LG, light grazing; MG, moderate grazing; HG, heavy grazing. GER, grassland evapotranspiration rate; GP, grassland net growth production; NPR, community net photosynthetic rate; SOC, soil organic carbon; SRR, soil respiration rate; SWC, soil water content; SWI, Shannon-Wiener index.

参考文献 51

1	Austin AT (2002). Differential effects of precipitation on production and decomposition along a rainfall gradient in Hawaii. Ecology, 83, 328-338.
2	Austrheim G, Speed JDM, Evju M, Holand AHO, Loe LE, Martinsen V, Mobak R, Mulder J, Steen H, Thompson DBA, Mysterud A (2016). Synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services in an alpine ecosystem grazed by sheep—An experimental approach. Basic and Applied Ecology, 17, 596-608.
3	Bai YF, Huang JH, Zheng SX, Pan QM, Zhang LX, Zhou HK, Xu HL, Li YL, Ma J (2014). Drivers and regulating mechanisms of grassland and desert ecosystem services. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 38, 93-102.
	[ 白永飞, 黄建辉, 郑淑霞, 潘庆民, 张丽霞, 周华坤, 徐海量, 李玉霖, 马健 (2014). 草地和荒漠生态系统服务功能的形成与调控机制. 植物生态学报, 38, 93-102.]
4	Berta ML, Irene IA, Martain Garcia L, Ignacio P, Izaskun CA, David GDA, Erik GB, Elisa OR, Igone PA, Barbara W, Jose AG, Fernando SM, Miren O, Cesar LS, Carlos M (2012). Uncovering ecosystem service bundles through social preferences. PLOS ONE, 7, e38970. DOI: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0038970.
5	Bradford JB, D’Amato AW (2012). Recognizing trade-offs in multi-objective land management. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10, 210-216.
6	Brown K, Adger WN, Tompkins E, Bacon P, Shim D, Young K (2001). Trade-off analysis for marine protected area management. Ecological Economics, 37, 417-434.
7	Cong WF, Jasper VR, Liesje M, Gerlinde BDD, Frank B, Ellis H (2015). Plant species richness promotes soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in grasslands without legumes. Journal of Ecology, 102, 1163-1170.
8	Cui XY, Chen SQ, Chen ZZ (2000). CO₂ release from typical Stipa grandis grassland soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 11, 390-394.
	[ 崔骁勇, 陈四清, 陈佐忠 (2000). 大针茅典型草原土壤CO₂排放规律的研究. 应用生态学报, 11, 390-394.]
9	Dang CL (1998). Redundancy structure in phytocoenosiums as an explanation of ecosystem stability. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 18, 665-672.
	[ 党承林 (1998). 植物群落的冗余结构——对生态系统稳定性的一种解释. 生态学报, 18, 665-672.]
10	Davidson KE, Fowler MS, Skov MW, Doerr SH, Beaumont N, Griffin JN, Bennett J (2017). Livestock grazing alters multiple ecosystem properties and services in salt marshes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54, 1365-1401.
11	Fu BJ, Zhou GY, Bai YF, Song CC, Liu JY, Zhang HY, Lü YH, Zheng H, Xie GD (2009). The main terrestrial ecosystem services and ecological security in China. Advances in Earth Science, 24, 571-576.
	[ 傅伯杰, 周国逸, 白永飞, 宋长春, 刘纪远, 张惠远, 吕一河, 郑华, 谢高地 (2009). 中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全. 地球科学进展, 24, 571-576.]
12	Gervasio P, Jose MP, Martin O, Esteban GJ (2010). Pathways of grazing effects on soil organic carbon and nitrogen. Rangeland Ecology & Managemengt, 63, 109-119.
13	Han GD, Li B, Wei ZJ, Yang J, Lü X, Li H (1999). Plant compensatory growth in the grazing system of Stipa breviflora desert steppe: I. Plant net productivity. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 7(1), 1-7.
	[ 韩国栋, 李博, 卫智军, 杨静, 吕雄, 李宏 (1999). 短花针茅草原放牧系统植物补偿性生长的研究: I. 植物净生长量. 草地学报, 7(1), 1-7.]
14	He JL, Sun YR (2015). Applying a spatial decision support system to the integrated regional planning of China. Environment and Planning B Planning and Design, 47, 1-16.
15	Hector A, Bagchi R (2007). Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature, 448, 188-190.
16	Joubert L, Pryke JS, Samways MJ (2017). Moderate grazing sustains plant diversity in Afromontane grassland. Applied Vegetation Science, 20, 340-351.
17	Karjalainen TP, Marttunen M, Sarkki S, Rytkönen AM (2013). Integrating ecosystem services into environmental impact assessment: An analytic-deliberative approach. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 40, 54-64.
18	Lauenroth WK, Bradford JB (2006). Ecohydrology and the partitioning AET between transpiration and evaporation in a semiarid steppe. Ecosystems, 9, 756-767.
19	Li LH, Wang QB, Bai YF, Zhou GS, Xing XR (2000). Soil respiration of a Leymus chinensis grassland stand in the Xilin River Basin as affected by over-grazing and climate. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 24, 680-686.
	[ 李凌浩, 王其兵, 白永飞, 周广胜, 邢雪荣 (2000). 锡林河流域羊草草原群落土壤呼吸及其影响因子的研究. 植物生态学报, 24, 680-686.]
20	Li YH (1993). Grazing dynamics of the species diversity in Aneurolepidium chinense steppe and Stipa grandis steppe. Acta Botanica Sinica, 35, 877-884.
	[ 李永宏 (1993). 放牧影响下羊草草原和大针茅草原植物多样性的变化. 植物学报, 35, 877-884.]
21	Liang MW, Liang CZ, Bai X, Miao BL, Wang YS, Bao GR, Wang X (2016). Effects of annual plant functional group on biomass and soil respiration in a grazing community of a typical steppe grassland. Prataculitural Science, 33, 2407-2417.
	[ 梁茂伟, 梁存柱, 白雪, 苗百岭, 王英舜, 包桂荣, 王譞 (2016). 一年生植物功能群对放牧草原生物量和土壤呼吸的影响. 草业科学, 33, 2407-2417.]
22	Liu ZK, Wang SP, Chen ZZ, Wang YF, Han JG (2006). Properties of soil nutrients and plant community after rest grazing in Inner Mongolia steppe, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26, 2048-2056.
	[ 刘忠宽, 汪诗平, 陈佐忠, 王艳芬, 韩建国 (2006). 不同放牧强度草原休牧后土壤养分和植物群落变化特征. 生态学报, 26, 2048-2056.]
23	Lu N, Fu BJ, Jin TT, Chang RY (2014). Trade-off analyses of multiple ecosystem services by plantations along a precipitation gradient across Loess Plateau landscapes. Landscape Ecology, 29, 1697-1708.
24	Maestre FT, Valladares F, Reynolds JF (2005). Is the change of plant-plant interactions with abiotic stress predictable? A meta-analysis of field results in arid environments. Journal of Ecology, 93, 748-757.
25	Mcintyre S, Heard M, Martin TG (2003). The relative importance of cattle grazing in subtropical grasslands: Does it reduce or enhance plant biodiversity? Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 445-457.
26	Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystem and Human Well-being. Island Press, Washington DC.
27	Naidoo R, Balmford A, Costanza R, Fisher B, Green RE, Lehner B, Malcolm TR, Ricketts TH (2008). Global mapping of ecosystem services and conservation priorities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 9495-9500.
28	Nie ZN, Chapman DF, Tharmaraj J, Clements R (2004). Effects of pasture species mixture, management, and environment on the productivity and persistence of dairy pastures in south-west Victoria. 1. Herbage accumulation and seasonal growth pattern. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 55, 625-636.
29	Odum E (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. Philadelphia, Saunders.
30	Olff H, Ritchie ME, Prins HHT (2002). Global environmental controls of diversity in large herbivores. Nature, 415, 901-904.
31	Onatibia GR, Reyes MF, Aguiar MR (2017). Fine-scale root community structure and below-ground responses to grazing show independence from above-ground patterns. Journal of Vegetation Science, 28, 1097-1106.
32	Pan Y, Wu JX, Xu ZR (2014). Analysis of the tradeoffs between provisioning and regulating services from the perspective of varied share of net primary production in an alpine grassland ecosystem. Ecological Complexity, 17, 79-86.
33	Pan Y, Xu ZR, Wu JX (2013). Spatial differences of the supply of multiple ecosystem services and the environmental and land use factors affecting them. Ecosystem Services, 5, 4-10.
34	Pucheta E, Bonamici I, Cabido M, Diaz S (2010). Below- ground biomass and productivity of a grazed site and a neighbouring ungrazed exclosure in a grassland in central Argentina. Austral Ecology, 29, 201-208.
35	Rodríguez JP, Beard Jr TD, Bennett EM, Cumming GS, Cork S, Agard J, Dobson AP, Peterson GD (2006). Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, 11, 28-41.
36	Su YZ, Zhao HL (2003). Influences of grazing and exclosure on carbon sequestration in degraded sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, North China. Environmental Science, 24(4), 23-28.
	[ 苏永中, 赵哈林 (2003). 持续放牧和围封对科尔沁退化沙地草地碳截存的影响. 环境科学, 24(4), 23-28.]
37	Tang HP, Xue HL, Fang F (2015). A comparison of measured and calculated net community CO₂ exchange: Scaling from leaves to communities. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 39, 924-931.
	[ 唐海萍, 薛海丽, 房飞 (2015). 叶片和群落尺度净光合速率关系的探讨. 植物生态学报, 39, 924-931.]
38	Wang D, Wu GL, Liu Y, Yang Z, Hao HM (2015). Effects of grazing exclusion on CO₂ fluxes in a steppe grassland on the Loess Plateau (China). Ecological Engineering, 83, 169-175.
39	Wang DL, Wang L (2019). A new perspective on the concept of grassland management. Chinese Science Bulletin, 64, 1106-1113.
	[ 王德利, 王玲 (2019). 草地管理概念的新释义. 科学通报, 64, 1106-1113.]
40	Wang JW, Zhang Z, An BL, Yan GZ (2013). Index weights for seabuckthorn plantation ecosystem services evaluation in the soft rock area. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 27(10), 145-151.
	[ 王举位, 张征, 安宝利, 闫国振 (2013). 砒砂岩区沙棘人工林生态系统服务功能评价指标权重初探. 干旱区资源与环境, 27(10), 145-151.]
41	Wang L, Manuel DB, Wang DL, Forest I, Liu J, Feng C, Liu JS, Zhong ZW, Zhu H, Yuan X, Chang Q, Liu C (2019). Diversifying livestock promotes multidiversity and multifunctionality in managed grasslands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116, 6187-6192.
42	Wang SP, Li YH, Chen ZZ (1999). The optimal stocking rates on grazing system in Inner Mongolia steppe: I. Based on analysis of liveweight gain per animal and hectare and benefit. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 7(3), 183-191.
	[ 汪诗平, 李永宏, 陈佐忠 (1999). 内蒙古典型草原草畜系统适宜放牧率的研究:Ⅰ.以绵羊增重及经济效益为管理目标. 草地学报, 7(3), 183-191.]
43	Wang XT, Wang W, Liang CZ (2009). Changes in the population spatial distribution pattern of Leymus chinensis in degraded steppe community during restorative succession in Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 33, 63-70.
	[ 王鑫厅, 王炜, 梁存柱 (2009). 典型草原退化群落不同恢复演替阶段羊草种群空间格局的比较. 植物生态学报, 33, 63-70.]
44	Wang XT, Wang W, Liang CZ, Liu ZL (2015). Interpretation of grassland degradation caused by overgrazing from the perspective of positive interaction. Chinese Science Bulletin, 60, 2794-2799.
	[ 王鑫厅, 王炜, 梁存柱, 刘钟龄 (2015). 从正相互作用角度诠释过度放牧引起的草原退化. 科学通报, 60, 2794-2799.]
45	Wu JX, Zhao Y, Yu CQ, Luo LM, Pan Y (2017). Land management influences trade-offs and the total supply of ecosystem services in alpine grassland in Tibet, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 193, 70-78.
46	Xu W, Jing X, Ma ZY, He JS (2016). A review on the measurement of ecosystem multifunctionality. Biodiversity Science, 24, 72-84.
	[ 徐炜, 井新, 马志远, 贺金生 (2016). 生态系统多功能性的测度方法. 生物多样性, 24, 72-84.]
47	Xue R, Zheng SX, Bai YF (2010). Impacts of grazing intensity and management regimes on aboveground primary productivity and compensatory growth of grassland ecosystems in Inner Mongolia. Biodiversity Science, 18, 300-311.
	[ 薛睿, 郑淑霞, 白永飞 (2010). 不同利用方式和载畜率对内蒙古典型草原群落初级生产力和植物补偿性生长的影响. 生物多样性, 18, 300-311.]
48	Yan RR, Wei ZJ, Yun XJ, Chu WB, W Q, Xin XP (2009). Effects of the grazing systems on diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristic of major plant species of desert steppe. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 18(5), 160-167. DOI
	[ 闫瑞瑞, 卫智军, 运向军, 褚文彬, 乌仁其其格, 辛晓平 (2009). 放牧制度对短花针茅荒漠草原主要植物种光合特性日变化影响的研究. 草业学报, 18(5), 160-167.] DOI
49	Yan X, Gong JR, Zhang ZY, Huang YM, An R, Qi Y, Liu M (2013). Responses of photosynthetic characteristics of Stipa baicalensis to grazing disturbance. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 37, 530-541.
	[ 晏欣, 龚吉蕊, 张梓瑜, 黄永梅, 安然, 祁瑜, 刘敏 (2013). 狼针草光合特性对放牧干扰的响应. 植物生态学报, 37, 530-541.]
50	Yang J, Chu PF, Chen DM, Wang MJ, Bai YF (2014). Mechanisms underlying the impacts of grazing on plant α, β and γ diversity in a typical steppe of the Inner Mongolia grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 38, 188-200.
	[ 杨婧, 褚鹏飞, 陈迪马, 王明玖, 白永飞 (2014). 放牧对内蒙古典型草原α、β和γ多样性的影响机制. 植物生态学报, 38, 188-200.]
51	Zavaleta ES, Pasari JR, Hulvey KB, Tilman GD (2010). Sustaining multiple ecosystem functions in grassland communities requires higher biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 1443-1446.

[1]	茹雅倩, 薛建国, 葛萍, 李钰霖, 李东旭, 韩鹏, 杨天润, 储伟, 陈章, 张晓琳, 李昂, 黄建辉. 高频轮牧对典型草原生产生态效果的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(2): 171-179.
[2]	吕自立, 刘彬, 常凤, 马紫荆, 曹秋梅. 巴音布鲁克高寒草甸植物功能多样性与生态系统多功能性关系沿海拔梯度的变化[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(6): 822-832.
[3]	王晓悦, 许艺馨, 李春环, 余海龙, 黄菊莹. 长期降水量变化下荒漠草原植物生物量、多样性的变化及其影响因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(4): 479-490.
[4]	席念勋, 张原野, 周淑荣. 群落生态学中的植物-土壤反馈研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(2): 170-182.
[5]	郑宁, 李素英, 王鑫厅, 吕世海, 赵鹏程, 臧琛, 许玉珑, 何静, 秦文昊, 高恒睿. 基于环境因子对叶绿素影响的典型草原植物生活型优势研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(8): 951-960.
[6]	张景慧, 王铮, 黄永梅, 陈慧颖, 李智勇, 梁存柱. 草地利用方式对温性典型草原优势种植物功能性状的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(8): 818-833.
[7]	王毅, 孙建, 叶冲冲, 曾涛. 气候因子通过土壤微生物生物量氮促进青藏高原高寒草地地上生态系统功能[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 434-443.
[8]	潘权, 郑华, 王志恒, 文志, 杨延征. 植物功能性状对生态系统服务影响研究进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(10): 1140-1153.
[9]	李海东, 吴新卫, 肖治术. 种间互作网络的结构、生态系统功能及稳定性机制研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(10): 1049-1063.
[10]	井新, 贺金生. 生物多样性与生态系统多功能性和多服务性的关系: 回顾与展望[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(10): 1094-1111.
[11]	张扬建, 朱军涛, 沈若楠, 王荔. 放牧对草地生态系统影响的研究进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(5): 553-564.
[12]	熊星烁, 蔡宏宇, 李耀琪, 马文红, 牛克昌, 陈迪马, 刘娜娜, 苏香燕, 景鹤影, 冯晓娟, 曾辉, 王志恒. 内蒙古典型草原植物叶片碳氮磷化学计量特征的季节动态[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(11): 1138-1153.
[13]	丁威,王玉冰,向官海,迟永刚,鲁顺保,郑淑霞. 小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对典型草原群落结构与生态系统功能的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(1): 33-43.
[14]	苗百岭, 梁存柱, 史亚博, 梁茂伟, 刘钟龄. 降水变化对内蒙古典型草原地上生物量的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(7): 557-565.
[15]	闫宝龙, 王忠武, 屈志强, 王静, 韩国栋. 围封对内蒙古典型草原与荒漠草原植被-土壤系统碳密度的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(3): 327-336.

放牧对草地生态系统服务和功能权衡关系的影响

Changes in trade-offs of grassland ecosystem services and functions under different grazing intensities

全文

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 51

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价