苔藓植物岩溶作用研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

苔藓植物参与岩溶作用的过程是生物岩溶的重要内容。开展苔藓植物岩溶作用研究可为石漠化裸岩的生态恢复及其综合治理提供理论依据和技术支撑。该文系统论述了苔藓植物岩溶作用的过程(溶蚀与沉积)、机理及其与生境互作机制的最新研究进展。苔藓植物及其生物结皮在干湿交替下发生膨胀、卷缩、冻融等物理机械力, 以及其代谢分泌物和因呼吸作用而产生的H₂CO₃与岩石中矿物反应, 破坏矿物晶体结构, 导致矿物裂解、使岩面崩解脱落而改变岩面形态, 塑造岩溶地貌, 形成原始土壤。苔藓植物岩溶作用驱动力的大小与植物功能性状、基岩性质与生存环境密切相关。此外, 生物岩溶作用需要长时间尺度的监测, 研究周期长, 建议建立野外长期监测基地, 加强对其内在机制与过程以及与生境间互作机制, 苔藓植物的生理代谢过程及其生物酶等与岩溶作用的相互关系, 岩溶地区苔藓植物环境适应性特征及其生物多样性维持机制等方面的研究。

关键词: 苔藓植物, 岩溶作用, 过程, 机理, 生境, 互作机制

Abstract:

Bryophyte participate in karstification is an important part of biokarst process. Numerous studies on bryophyte karstification provide theoretical and technical foundation for restoration and comprehensive management of bare rock in the rocky desertification area. This article systematically reviewed the process (dissolution and sedimentation), mechanism and interaction relationship between bryophyte karstification and habitats. Bryophyte and its biological crusts emerge physical forces such as expansion, curling, freezing and thawing when they are under alternating wet or dry conditions can destroy rock. In addition, their metabolic secretions and H₂CO₃ formed by respiration, which react with minerals resulting in destruction of the crystal structure, pyrolysis the minerals, further the rock surface disintegrated and the surface morphology changed, the karst landform and the original soil formed. The driving force of bryophyte karstification closely related to plant functional traits, rock properties and habitat. Studies on biokarst need long-term monitoring and long research period. It is recommended to establish a long-term monitoring sites for strengthening examinations on process, internal mechanisms, and interaction relationship with habitat of bryophyte karstification. At the same time, physiological metabolic processes of bryophytes and the relationship with bryophyte karstification should be emphasized. The environmental adaptability of bryophyte and the maintenance mechanism of biodiversity in karst areas need research attention as well.

Key words: bryophytes, karstification, process, mechanism, habitat, interaction mechanism

蒙文萍, 戴全厚, 冉景丞. 苔藓植物岩溶作用研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(5): 396-407. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0020

MENG Wen-Ping, DAI Quan-Hou, RAN Jing-Cheng. A review on the process of bryophyte karstification. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(5): 396-407. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0020

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0020

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I5/396

图/表 3

图1 贵州普定喀斯特生态监测站岩面苔藓植物。A中的苔藓植物主要是多枝缩叶藓、卷叶湿地藓。B中的苔藓植物主要是平蒴藓、皱叶牛舌藓、狭网真藓。

Fig. 1 Bryophytes on rock surface at Puding karst ecological monitoring station in Guizhou. A, mosses of Ptychomitriaceae gardenri and Hyophila acutifolia. B, mosses of Plagiobryum zierii, Bryum anagustirete and Anomodon rugelii.

图2 苔藓植物岩溶作用过程示意图。岩石表面的苔藓植物通过物理机械力与生物化学作用力破坏和溶蚀岩石, 从而改变了岩面形态, 塑造了岩溶微地貌, 溶蚀产物的沉积形成了原始土壤。

Fig. 2 A schematic flowchart showing the bryophyte karstification process. The moss on rock surface through physical and biochemical action to destroy and corrosion the rock, change the rock surface morphology and form the karst microtopography. At the same time, the dissolution products are deposited to form the original soil.

图3 苔藓植物岩溶作用与环境、岩石间的三向循环互作机制图。苔藓、环境因子、岩石在岩溶作用过程中三者既相互促进又相互制约。环境因子与岩石通过控制苔藓植物的群落特征、形态、生理过程、基因等影响岩溶过程。反之基岩的岩性、组成、产状, 以及苔藓植物对岩面生境(温度、湿度、光照、土壤肥力、微生物)的改善与岩溶速率密切相关。

Fig. 3 The three-way circulation interaction mechanism among bryophyte karstification, environment and rock. Bryophyte, environmental factors and rock in the karstification process promote and restraint each other. Environmental factors and rock affect karstification process and efficiency by controlling the community characteristics, morphology, physiological processes, genes, etc. of bryophyte. The lithology, composition, occurrence of rock, and the improvement of bryophyte on rock surface habitat (temperature, humidity, light, soil fertility, microbes) are closely related to the rate of karstification.

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