浙江天童常绿阔叶林林冠结构与群落物种组成的关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0047

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 529-538.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0047

所属专题：植被生态学

浙江天童常绿阔叶林林冠结构与群落物种组成的关系

余秋伍¹^,², 杨菁¹^,², 沈国春¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241
²浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 浙江宁波 315114
³上海污染控制与生态安全研究院, 上海 200092

收稿日期:2022-01-29 接受日期:2022-04-10 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-04-15
通讯作者: 沈国春
作者简介:* (gcshen@des.ecnu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31870404)

Relationship between canopy structure and species composition of an evergreen broadleaf forest in Tiantong region, Zhejiang, China

YU Qiu-Wu¹^,², YANG Jing¹^,², SHEN Guo-Chun¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
²Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315114, China
³Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China

Received:2022-01-29 Accepted:2022-04-10 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-04-15
Contact: SHEN Guo-Chun
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870404)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林林冠结构能改变林下微气候条件, 可能会形成独立于地面生境的空间结构, 进而影响群落物种组成差异。该研究利用机载激光雷达获取浙江天童20 hm²常绿阔叶林样地的高精度林冠结构信息, 初步探讨了林冠结构与群落物种组成差异的关系, 结果表明: (1)未考虑林冠结构时, 独立于地面生境的空间结构是天童样地群落物种组成差异的重要影响因子, 在100 m²、400 m²、2 500 m²样方尺度上, 其对群落物种组成差异的解释率分别为25.2%、28.1%、8.0%。(2)考虑林冠结构后, 林冠结构使独立于地面生境的空间结构对群落物种组成差异的解释率降低了约1/3 (26.2%-36.0%)。(3)林冠结构因子中, 林冠高度对群落物种组成差异影响最大, 其次为林冠内部结构; 随样方尺度增大, 林冠高度对群落物种组成差异的影响降低, 林冠内部结构的影响逐渐增加。该研究结果证明了林冠结构是独立于地面生境的空间结构的主要驱动因子, 对天童植物群落物种组成差异具有不可忽视的重要作用。这些结果明晰了林冠结构因子中林冠高度和内部结构的重要性。

关键词: 林冠结构, 物种组成差异, 地面生境, 空间结构, 方差分解

Abstract:

Aims The ecological mechanisms underlying species compositional differences among communities are crucial to understanding and predicting biodiversity changes. One of such mechanisms is the spatial structure independent of ground-level habitat (e.g., soil nutrients and topographic parameters). However, the primary drivers of this spatial structure are still unclear. Forest canopy structure can alter understory microclimates, which in turn influences the spatial structure and species compositional differences. We know little so far about such influence of the forest canopy structure. This gap has hindered our understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying species compositional difference.

Methods The study was conducted in a 20 hm² evergreen broadleaf forest plot in the Tiantong region, Zhejiang Province, Eastern China. UVA-based LiDAR was used to estimate the high-precision forest canopy structure of the Tiantong plot. The redundancy analysis and the variance decomposition method were used to explore the relative importance of forest canopy structure and other potential factors on community species composition.

Important findings Our research showed that: (1) In the case of excluding the effect of canopy structure, the spatial structure independent of the ground-level habitat was one of the main contributors to the species compositional differences in the Tiantong plot. It explained 25.2%, 28.1%, and 8.0% of the variation in species composition at the scales of 100 m²,and 8.0% of the variation in species composition at the scales of 100 m² Our research showed that: (1) In the case of excluding the effect of canopy structure, the spatial structure independent of the ground-level habitat was one of the main contributors to the species compositional differences in the Tiantong plot. It explained 25.2%, 28.1%, and 8.0% of the variation in species composition at the scales of 100 m², 400 m²,400 m² 400 m², and 2 500 m²,and 2 500 m² and 2 500 m², respectively. (2) Including the effect of forest canopy structure significantly reduced the explanation power of the spatial structure by about 1/3 (26.2%-36.0%). (3) Among canopy structure factors, canopy height had the most significant influence on species composition, followed by internal canopy structure. With the increase of the plot scale, the effects of canopy height decreased while the impacts of internal canopy structure increased. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that canopy structure is one of the main drivers of spatial structure independent of ground-level habitat. Our results also clarify the relative importance of canopy height and internal canopy structure on species composition and provide new perspectives to understand the ecological mechanisms underlying species compositional differences among forest plant communities.

Key words: canopy structure, species composition differences, ground-level habitat, spatial structure, variance partitioning analysis

余秋伍, 杨菁, 沈国春. 浙江天童常绿阔叶林林冠结构与群落物种组成的关系. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(5): 529-538. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0047

YU Qiu-Wu, YANG Jing, SHEN Guo-Chun. Relationship between canopy structure and species composition of an evergreen broadleaf forest in Tiantong region, Zhejiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(5): 529-538. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0047

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0047

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I5/529

图/表 4

图1 浙江天童常绿阔叶林林冠结构示意图。由激光雷达获取的森林三维点云数据, 分别划分为高度结构和内部结构类型(详见表1)。

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of canopy structure of evergreen broadleaf forest in Tiantong, Zhejiang Province. The 3D point cloud data of the forest acquired by LiDAR was classified as the height structure and internal structure (see Table 1 for details).

表1 基于激光雷达提取的浙江天童常绿阔叶林林冠层结构参数

Table 1 Forest canopy structure parameters of LiDAR-derived in Tiantong evergreen broadleaf forest, Zhejiang Province

结构类别 Structure type	冠层结构指数 Canopy structure index	描述 Description	文献 Reference
高度结构 Height structure	最大树高 Maximum tree height	群落中树冠高度的最大值 The maximum value of canopy height in a community	Cazzolla-Gatti et al., 2017
	95%分位数高度 95% quantile height	近似于森林冠层峰值高度, 由首次回波统计获得 Approximates the peak height of the forest canopy, obtained from the point cloud of the first echo	Riaño et al., 2004
	标准差(首次回波) Standard deviation (first echo)	反映单木树高的离散程度 Describe the dispersion of each individual tree	Nelson et al., 1988
内部结构 Internal structure	叶高度多样性 Foliage height diversity	描述植被剖面的叶密度和高度分布 Describe the density and height distribution of foliage in a vegetation profile	Clawges et al., 2008
	植被穿透率 Vegetation permeability	植被首次回波在二次回波中的比例, 由首次回波和所有二次回波计算所得 Ratio of the first echo of vegetation to the second echo, calculated from the first echo and all the second echoes	Moffiet et al., 2005
	偏度(首次回波) Skewness (first echo)	与峰态(首次回波)高度相关 Highly correlated with kurtosis (first echo)	Antonarakis et al., 2008
	郁闭度 Closure	冠层的郁闭度 Closure of the canopy	Korhonen et al., 2011

图3 天童森林群落林冠结构总解释率中各结构类型占比(平均值±标准误)。高度结构: 最大树高、95%分位数高度、标准差(首次回波)。内部结构: 叶高度多样性、植被穿透率、偏度(首次回波)、郁闭度(各结构类型的定义参见表1)。

Fig. 3 Contribution of each structure type in the total explanation of canopy structure in Tiantong forest communities (mean ± SE). Height structure included maximum tree height, 95% quantile height and standard deviation (first echo). Internal structure included foliage height diversity, vegetation permeability, skewness (first echo) and closure (see Table 1 for the definition of each structural type).

图2 不同样方尺度上各变量对天童森林群落物种组成差异的解释率。A, 基于地面生境的方差分解分析, 生境和空间结构对群落物种组成的解释率。B, 加入林冠结构后, 不同样方尺度上, 生境和空间结构对群落物种组成的解释率。C, 加入林冠结构后, 不同样方尺度上, 空间结构中由林冠结构解释的比例。R2adj, 调整后的R2。

Fig. 2 Adjusted R2 (R2adj) of different explanatory variables for species compositional differences in Tiantong forest communities. A, R2adj of habitat and spatial structure on species composition based on the ground-level habitat variance partitioning analysis. B, R2adj of habitat and spatial structure on species composition with the addition of canopy structure. C, Proportion of spatial structure explained by canopy structure at different plot scales with the addition of canopy structure.

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浙江天童常绿阔叶林林冠结构与群落物种组成的关系

Relationship between canopy structure and species composition of an evergreen broadleaf forest in Tiantong region, Zhejiang, China

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