植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1116-1130.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0041

所属专题: 植物功能性状

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

细叶云南松针叶形态和显微性状地理变异及其环境解释

冯珊珊, 黄春晖, 唐梦云, 蒋维昕, 白天道*()   

  1. 广西大学林学院, 广西森林生态与保育重点实验室, 广西高校亚热带人工林培育与利用重点实验室, 南宁 530004
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-14 接受日期:2023-04-26 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-05-04
  • 通讯作者: *白天道(btd@gxu.edu.cn)
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32160381);广西自然科学基金(2018GXNSFBA281110)

Geographical variation of needles phenotypic and anatomic traits between populations of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia and its environmental interpretation

FENG Shan-Shan, HUANG Chun-Hui, TANG Meng-Yun, JIANG Wei-Xin, BAI Tian-Dao*()   

  1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • Received:2023-02-14 Accepted:2023-04-26 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-05-04
  • Contact: *BAI Tian-Dao(btd@gxu.edu.cn)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160381);Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2018GXNSFBA281110)

摘要:

叶片是林木获取和利用生存资源的重要器官, 其形态结构一定程度上反映了林木的生境适应性。探究南盘江—红水河流域的地理气候对该区域重要树种细叶云南松(Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia)针叶形态及显微结构的塑造作用, 对理解该树种的生态适应性及资源保育具有重要参考价值。该研究以分布于贵州和广西的细叶云南松9个自然种群的18个针叶形态及显微性状为研究对象, 结合种群所在地7个地理和气候因子, 采用巢氏方差分析、相关分析、多元统计分析(主成分分析、冗余分析和系统聚类分析)方法解析其种群差异及环境关联。结果表明, 除叶截面面积与中柱截面面积之比(V1)外, 其他指标在种群间均存在不同程度的分化(表型分化系数(VST) = 22.32%-51.42%), 即种群间生境异质性对大部分指标有显著影响。Pearson相关分析和多元统计分析表明: 针叶树脂道相关指标(树脂道数目、周长、面积等)随纬度、海拔、降水量增加而增大, 随年平均气温升高而减小; 气孔相关指标(气孔密度、气孔密度与V1之比)随经纬度增加而增大, 随相对湿度增加而减小; 针叶横截面大小相关指标(叶宽、叶厚、叶截面面积、中柱面积等)则主要与采样地至南盘江—红水河谷的距离显著相关, 距离越近, 指标值越小。综上, 细叶云南松在与云南松(P. yunnanensis)截然不同的干热生境驱动下, 表现出所有树脂道性状小型化趋势, 细叶云南松较高的气孔密度(以及下陷的气孔)有利于其在干旱环境下平衡呼吸和蒸腾失水作用, 而其相对细柔的针叶则可能主要由该区域特殊的河谷地形造成的焚风及峡谷强风的胁迫作用以及季节性暖干气候对针叶的生长限制作用所塑造。

关键词: 生态适应性, 干热生境, 地理因子, 气候因子, 地理变异, 资源保育

Abstract:

Aims Leaf is an important organ for forest trees to acquire and utilize survival resources, and its morphological structure reflects the habitat adaptability of trees to a certain extent. Exploring the role of geography and climate of the Nanpan-Hongshui River basin in shaping the needles morphology and microstructure of an important tree species in the region, Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia, has important reference value for understanding the ecological adaptability and resource conservation of this tree species.

Methods Eighteen morphological and microscopic characters of nine wild populations which distributed in Guizhou and Guangxi were measured, and seven geographical and climatic factors of the nine population locations were recorded. The population divergence and environmental associations were analyzed by nested ANOVA, correlation analysis, multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis, redundancy analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis).

Important findings The results showed that, except for the ratio of needle cross-sectional area to central cylinder area (V1), all indicators had different degrees of differentiation among populations (phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) = 22.32%-51.42%). It implied that the habitat heterogeneity among populations had a significant impact on most indicators. Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate statistical analysis showed that the indicators which related to needle resin canals (resin canals number, resin canals perimeter, resin canals area, etc.) increased with the increase of latitude, altitude, and mean annual precipitation, but decreased with the increase of mean annual temperature; the stomatal indicators (stomatal density, ratio of stomatal density to V1) increased with increasing latitude and longitude, and decreased with increasing relative humidity; the indicators which related to the needle cross-sectional size (needle width, needle thickness, needle cross-sectional area, central cylinder area, etc.) are mainly affected by the distance from the sampling site to the Nanpan-Hongshui River. The closer the distance, the smaller the indicator value is. To sum up, P. yunnanensis var. tenuifolia exhibits a trend of miniaturization of resin canal, which was driven by dry-hot habitat selection that is different from that of the original species Pinus yunnanensis. Its higher stomatal density (and sunken stomata) is conducive to balancing respiration and transpiration dehydration in arid environments. The relatively slender needles may be mainly shaped by the stress effects of foehn and strong canyon winds which caused by the special valley terrain in the region, as well as the growth limiting effects of seasonal warm and dry climate on needles.

Key words: ecological adaptivity, dry-hot habitat, geographical factor, climatic factor, geographical variation, resource conservation