黑河上游植被总初级生产力遥感估算及其对气候变化的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0253

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

定量描述植被总初级生产力(GPP)对于全球碳循环和全球气候变化研究具有重要意义。针对MODIS MOD_17 GPP (MOD_17)产品在通量站点低估的现象, 通过3个实验依次改进了模型输入参数(气象数据和吸收的光合有效辐射吸收比例(fPAR))和模型本身的参数(最大光能利用率), 分析了各个参数对模拟结果的不确定性影响, 结果表明各参数对模拟结果都有不同程度的影响。在阿柔草地站, 最大光能利用率的重新标定对结果影响最大, GPP估算结果的提高最为明显; 在关滩森林站利用广义神经网络算法得到的GLASS fPAR代替原始MODIS fPAR产品, 比其他参数的改进效果更明显, GPP的值更接近涡动通量观测值。利用改进的MOD_17模型重新估算了黑河上游2001-2012年间植被GPP, 通过趋势分析得出该研究时段内GPP以9.58 g C·m^-2·a^-1的平均速率呈上升趋势。同时计算了气候因子(温度、降水和饱和水汽压差(VPD))与时间序列GPP的偏相关性, 分析了植被GPP对气候变化的响应情况, 2001-2012年平均温度和VPD与年GPP大部分区域呈正相关, 体现了温度和VPD对植被生长的促进作用; 2001-2012年的降水量与年GPP无明显相关, 且大部分区域呈负相关。

关键词: 植被总初级生产力, MOD_17模型, 趋势分析, 气候因子, 偏相关分析

Abstract: AimsQuantifying the gross primary productivity (GPP) of vegetation is of primary interest in studies of global carbon cycle. This study aims to optimize the MODIS GPP model for specific environments of a fragile waterhead ecosystem, by performing simulations of long-term (from 2001 to 2012) GPP with optimized MOD_17 model, and to analyze the response of GPP to the local climatic variations.Methods The original MODIS GPP products that underestimate GPP were validated against two years (2010-2011) of eddy covariance (EC) data at two sites (i.e. an alpine pasture site and a forest site, respectively) in the upstream of Heihe River Basin. Three comparative experiments were then conducted to analyze the effects of input parameters derived from three sources (i.e. meteorological, biome-specific, and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) parameters) on the model behavior. After refining the model-driven parameters, long-term GPPs of the study area were estimated using the optimized MOD_17 model, and the Least Absolute Deviation method was applied to analyze the partial correlations between interannual GPPs and climatic variables (temperature, precipitation and vapor pressure deficit (VPD)). Important findings The uncertainties in the original MODIS GPP products are attributable to biome-specific parameters, input data (e.g. meteorological and radiometry data) and vegetation maps. At the pasture site, the light use efficiency had the strongest impact on the GPP simulations. The refined fPAR calculated from the leaf area index (LAI) products of Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) greatly improved the GPP estimates, especially at the forest site. The GPPs from the optimized MOD_17 model well matched the EC data (R² = 0.90, root mean squared error (RMSE) = 1.114 g C·m^-2·d^-1 at the alpine pasture site; R² = 0.91, RMSE = 0.649 g C·m^-2·d^-1 at the forest site). The time series of GPPs displayed an up trend at an average rate of 9.58 g C·m^-2·a^-1 from 2001 to 2012. Examination of the partial correlations between interannual GPPs and climatic variables showed that the annual mean temperature and VPD generally had significant positive impacts on GPP, and the annual precipitation had a negative impact on GPP.

Key words: gross primary productivity, MOD_17 model, trend analysis, climatic factors, partial correlation analysis

闫敏, 李增元, 田昕, 陈尔学, 谷成燕. 黑河上游植被总初级生产力遥感估算及其对气候变化的响应. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(1): 1-12. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0253

YAN Min, LI Zeng-Yuan, TIAN Xin, CHEN Er-Xue, GU Cheng-Yan. Remote sensing estimation of gross primary productivity and its response to climate change in the upstream of Heihe River Basin. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(1): 1-12. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0253

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0253

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I1/1

图/表 9

图1 黑河上游位置及植被分类图。

Fig. 1 The location and vegetation classification map of the upstream of Heihe River Basin.

图2 阿柔站8天最低温度(Tmin)、光合有效辐射(PAR)和饱水汽压差(VPD)的季节变化。

Fig. 2 Seasonal variations of the 8-day minimum temperature (Tmin), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at the Arou station.

图3 关滩站8天最低温度(Tmin)、光合有效辐射(PAR)和饱水汽压差(VPD)的季节变化。

Fig. 3 Seasonal variations of the 8-day minimum temperature (Tmin), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at the Guantan Station.

表1 MOD_17模型查找表

Table 1 The lookup table of MOD_17 model

植被类型 Vegetation type	最大光能利用率 Maximum light use efficiency (g·(MJ·APAR)^-1)	最低温度最小值 Lowest minimum temperature, T_minmin (℃)	最低温度最大值 Highest minimum temperature, T_minmax (℃)	饱和水汽压差最大值 Maximum vapor pressure deficit (VPD_max) (Pa)	饱和水汽压差最小值 Minimum vapor pressure deficit (VPD_min) (Pa)
常绿针叶林 Evergreen needle-leaved forest	1.008	-8	8.31	2 500	650
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest	1.159	-8	9.09	3 900	1 100
落叶针叶林 Deciduous needle-leaved forest	1.103	-8	10.44	3 100	650
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest	1.044	-8	7.94	2 500	650
混交林 Mixed forest	1.116	-8	8.50	2 500	650
多树草原 Grassy woodland	0.800	-8	11.39	3 100	930
稀树草原 Savanna	0.768	-8	11.39	3 100	650
郁闭灌丛 Closed shrubland	0.888	-8	8.61	3 100	650
开放灌丛 Open shrubland	0.774	-8	8.80	3 600	650
草原 Grassland	0.680	-8	12.02	3 500	650
农田 Cropland	0.680	-8	12.02	4 100	650

图4 阿柔(A)和关滩站(B)中分辨率成像光谱仪吸收的光合有效辐射吸收比例(fPAR)和全球陆表参量吸收的光合有效辐射吸收比例产品对比图。MOD_fPAR, 中分辨率成像光谱仪光合有效辐射吸收比例; GLASS_ fPAR, 全球陆表参量光合有效辐射吸收比例。

Fig. 4 Comparisons between the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (MOD_fPAR) and the Global Land Surface Satellite fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (GLASS_ fPAR) at the Arou Station (A) and the Guantan Station (B).

图5 阿柔站(A、C)和关滩站(B、D)原始中分辨率成像光谱仪总初级生产力(GPP)产品以及改进后结果对比图。GPP_Default, 原始中分辨率成像光谱仪总初级生产力产品; GPP_MOD1、GPP_MOD2、GPP_MOD3分别为文中介绍的3个对比实验。

Fig. 5 Comparisons of original and optimized gross primary productivity products at the Arou Station (A, C) and the Guantan Station (B, D). GPP_EC, eddy covariance measurements; GPP_Default, original MODIS GPP products; GPP_MOD1, GPP_MOD2, and GPP_MOD3 are the three comparative experiments described in the study.

图6 2001-2012年平均总初级生产力(GPP, g C·m-2·a-1)空间分布(A)和总初级生产力变化趋势(B)。

Fig. 6 Maps of the spatial distribution of annual mean gross primary productivity (GPP, g C·m-2·a-1) (A) and the trend of changes (B) between 2001 and 2012.

图7 黑河上游2001-2012年温度、降水量和饱和水汽压差的变化趋势。

Fig. 7 The trend of changes in temperature, precipita- tion and vapor pressure deficit between 2001 and 2012.

图8 2001-2012年黑河上游总初级生产力与气候因子偏相关性分析结果图。

Fig. 8 The maps of partial correlations between gross primary productivity and climatic factors in the upstream of Heihe River Basin between 2001 and 2012.

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