新疆地区植被覆盖度时空变化及其影响因素分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0397

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 41-55.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0397

新疆地区植被覆盖度时空变化及其影响因素分析

吴瀚¹^,²^,³, 白洁¹^,³^,^*(), 李均力¹^,³, 古丽•加帕尔¹^,³, 包安明¹^,³

¹中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³新疆遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2022-10-10 接受日期:2023-03-19 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-06-15
通讯作者: *(baijie@ms.xjb.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42071141);中国科学院“西部学者”项目(2020-XBQNXZ-009);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0703);中国科学院创新交叉团队(JCTD-2019-20)

Study of spatio-temporal variation in fractional vegetation cover and its influencing factors in Xinjiang, China

WU Han¹^,²^,³, BAI Jie¹^,³^,^*(), LI Jun-Li¹^,³, Guli JIAPAER¹^,³, BAO An-Ming¹^,³

¹State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Key Laboratory of GIS&RS Application Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi 830011, China

Received:2022-10-10 Accepted:2023-03-19 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-06-15
Contact: *(baijie@ms.xjb.ac.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071141);Western China Young Scholars Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020-XBQNXZ-009);Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Project(2021xjkk0703);CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(JCTD-2019-20)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆作为我国西北生态安全屏障的核心区域, 生态环境状况和质量的格局变化和影响机制一直备受关注。该研究基于2003-2020年MODIS地表反照率数据集(MOD09 A1), 利用改进的三梯度差法获取植被覆盖度(FVC), 运用线性回归、偏相关分析、Tukey检验等多种统计方法, 探讨新疆地区FVC时空变化规律及定量温度、降水量与地下水储量对其的贡献。主要结果: (1)近18年新疆地区平均FVC由20.08%提高到21.76%, 整体呈增长趋势(增速为0.19%·a^-1), 且2008年以后呈快速增长阶段; 其中, 耕地增速最大(0.66%·a^-1), 稀疏草地增速最慢(0.11%·a^-1)。(2)温度是新疆生长季FVC的重要影响因素, 温度对FVC影响集中在春季和秋季; 而降水量和地下水储量是夏季FVC的主要影响因素。(3)夏季地下水储量是灌丛和耕地FVC的最主要影响因素; 夏季降水量对草地FVC的影响最大, 而夏季地下水储量对稀疏草地FVC的影响较大。(4)温度对新疆FVC的影响随湿润程度增加而减弱, 而降水量的影响则随之增强; 地下水储量影响随湿润程度增加呈先增加后减少趋势。该研究结果可为新疆生态恢复和建设提供科学理论依据, 对于推动新疆的生态文明建设和绿色可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 植被覆盖度, 改进的三梯度差法, 偏相关分析, 时空变化, 干旱区, 新疆

Abstract:

Aims As the core area of the ecological security barrier in northwest China, Xinjiang has been highly concerned for the spatial variations in its ecological environment status and quality and their driving mechanisms.

Methods Based on the MODIS surface albedo data set (MOD09 A1) from 2003 to 2020, this study uses the advanced three-band gradient difference vegetation index (advanced TGDVI) to obtain the fractional vegetation cover (FVC), and uses multiple statistical methods, such as linear regression, partial correlation analysis, Tukey-test to analyze the spatio-temporal variation of FVC and to quantify the contribution of temperature, precipitation, and groundwater storage (GWS) to FVC in Xinjiang.

Important findings (1) In the past 18 years, the average FVC of Xinjiang has increased from 20.08% to 21.76%, showing an increasing trend as a whole, with a growth rate of 0.19%∙a^-1, and a rapid growth stage is found after 2008. Among them, cropland has the largest growth rate (0.66%∙a^-1), and sparse grassland has the slowest growth rate (0.11%∙a^-1). (2) Temperature is an important factor affecting FVC in the whole growing season in Xinjiang. The influence of temperature on FVC is mainly concentrated in spring and autumn, while precipitation and GWS are the main factors in summer. (3) In summer, GWS is the main factor affecting FVC of shrubland and cropland, precipitation has the greatest impact on FVC of grassland, and GWS has a greater impact on FVC of sparse grassland in summer. (4) With the hydrothermal conditions becoming wetter, the influence of temperature on FVC in Xinjiang gradually decreases, while the influence of precipitation increases. The influence of GWS on FVC increased from arid to semi-arid condition, and then it decreased from semi-arid to humid condition. The results of this study could provide theoretical foundation for ecological restoration and construction in Xinjiang, and have great significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and green sustainable development in Xinjiang.

Key words: fractional vegetation cover, advanced three-band gradient difference vegetation index, partial correlation analysis, spatio-temporal variation, arid land, Xinjiang

吴瀚, 白洁, 李均力, 古丽•加帕尔, 包安明. 新疆地区植被覆盖度时空变化及其影响因素分析. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(1): 41-55. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0397

WU Han, BAI Jie, LI Jun-Li, Guli JIAPAER, BAO An-Ming. Study of spatio-temporal variation in fractional vegetation cover and its influencing factors in Xinjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(1): 41-55. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0397

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0397

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I1/41

图/表 12

表1 新疆主要土地利用类型及其主要组成

Table 1 Main land use types in Xinjiang and their main components

土地利用类型 Land use type	主要组成 Main components
林地 Forestland	常绿针叶林 Evergreen coniferous forest
	落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broadleaf forest
	落叶针叶林 Deciduous coniferous forest
	乔木园地 Tree orchard
	乔木绿地 Tree garden
	稀疏林 Sparse forest
灌丛 Shrubland	落叶阔叶灌木林 Deciduous broadleaf shrub forest
	常绿针叶灌木林 Evergreen coniferous shrub forest
	灌木园地 Shrub orchard
	灌木绿地 Shrub garden
	稀疏灌木林 Sparse shrub forest
草地 Grassland	草甸 Meadow
	草原 Steppe
	草本绿地 Lawn
稀疏草地 Sparse grassland	稀疏草地 Sparse grassland
耕地 Cropland	旱地 Dry farmland
耕地 Cropland	水田 Paddy field
水体 Waterbody	河流 River
	湖泊 Lake
	水库/坑塘 Reservoir/pond
	运河/水渠 Canal/channel
冰川 Glacier	冰川/永久积雪 Permanent ice/snow
人工地表 Built-up land	采矿场 Mining field
	工业用地 Industrial field
	交通用地 Transportation field
	居住地 Settlement
裸地 Bare land	裸土 Bare soil
	裸岩 Bare rock
	沙漠/沙地 Desert
	盐碱地 Salina

图1 新疆土地利用类型分布。

Fig. 1 Distribution of land-use in Xinjiang.

图2 植被覆盖度观测值与拟合值比较。RMSE, 均方根误差。

Fig. 2 Comparison of fractional vegetation cover between observed data and modelled data. RMSE, root mean square error.

图3 2003-2020年新疆植被区植被覆盖度(FVC)时空变化。绿色代表FVC呈增加趋势, 红色代表FVC呈减少趋势, *代表变化趋势通过了p < 0.05的显著性水平检验。NA, 非植被覆盖区或未通过显著性检验。

Fig. 3 Spatio-temporal variation of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in the vegetation covered area of Xinjiang from 2003 to 2020. Green pixels represent the increasing area of FVC, red pixels represent the decreasing area of FVC, and * represent the trend has passed the significance test of p < 0.05. NA, no vegetation covered area or area that fails the significance test.

图4 2003-2020年新疆草地(A)、稀疏草地(B)、灌丛(C)和耕地(D)的植被覆盖度(FVC)变化。

Fig. 4 Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) variation of grassland (A), sparse grassland (B), shrubland (C) and cropland (D) in Xinjiang from 2003 to 2020.

图5 2003-2020年新疆植被区植被覆盖度与温度(A)、降水量(B)和地下水储量(C)的偏相关系数。*代表变化趋势通过了p < 0.05的显著性水平检验。NA, 非植被覆盖区或未通过显著性检验。

Fig. 5 Partial correlation coefficient between fractional vegetation cover and temperature (A), precipitation (B) and groundwater storage (C) in the vegetation covered area of Xinjiang from 2003 to 2020. * represent the trend has passed the significance test of p < 0.05. NA, no vegetation covered area or area that fails the significance test.

图6 2003-2020年新疆不同时期内植被覆盖度变化的主要环境影响因子的空间分布及占比饼图。A、E, 生长季(4-10月)。B、F, 春季(4-5月)。C、G, 夏季(6-8月)。D、H, 秋季(9-10月)。彩色覆盖区域代表某种环境影响因子与植被覆盖度的偏相关系数绝对值大于0.5。GWS, 地下水储量; MIX, 没有主导的影响因子(即: 3种因子与植被覆盖度的偏相关系数绝对值均小于0.5); NA, 非植被覆盖区或未通过显著性检验; PRE, 降水量; TMP, 温度。

Fig. 6 Spatial distribution and proportion of main influencing factors of fractional vegetation cover change in different periods of Xinjiang from 2003 to 2020. A, E, Growing season (Apr. to Oct.). B, F, Spring (Apr. to May). C, G, Summer (June to Aug.). D, H, Autumn (Sept. to Oct.). The colored area represents that the absolute value of partial correlation coefficient between one type of influencing factor and fractional vegetation cover is greater than 0.5. GWS, groundwater storage; MIX, no dominant influencing factor (that is, the absolute value of partial correlation coefficient is less than 0.5); NA, no vegetation covered area or area that fails the significance test; PRE, precipitation; TMP, temperature.

图7 2003-2020年新疆不同土地利用类型植被覆盖度变化的环境影响因子面积占比。A, 生长季(4-10月)。B, 春季(4-5月)。C, 夏季(6-8月)。D, 秋季(9-10月)。GWS, 地下水储量; MIX, 没有主导的影响因子; PRE, 降水量; TMP, 温度。

Fig. 7 Proportion of main influencing factors of changes in fractional vegetation cover of vegetation types in Xinjiang from 2003 to 2020. A, Growing season (Apr. to Oct.). B, Spring (Apr. to May). C, Summer (June to Aug.). D, Autumn (Sept. to Oct.). GWS, underground water reserves; MIX, no dominant impact factors; PRE, precipitation; TMP, temperature.

图8 2003-2020年新疆春季、夏季、秋季环境影响因子与植被覆盖度(FVC)偏相关系数(R)的绝对值(平均值±标准差)。A, 温度(TMP)。B, 降水量(PRE)。C, 地下水储量(GWS)。不同小写字母表示各种土地利用类型间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 8 Absolute mean value of partial correlation coefficient (R) between environmental factors and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in spring, summer and autumn of Xinjiang from 2003 to 2020 (mean ± SD). A, Temperature (TMP). B, Precipitation (PRE). C, Groundwater storage (GWS). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different land use types (p < 0.05).

图9 2003-2020年降水量对新疆草地(A)、稀疏草地(B)、灌丛(C)和耕地(D)植被覆盖度(FVC)的影响与年降水量关系图。RFVC-PRE,植被覆盖度与降水量的偏相关系数。

Fig. 9 Relationship between mean annual precipitation and the influence of precipitation on fractional vegetation cover (FVC) of grassland (A), sparse grassland (B), shrubland (C) and cropland (D) in Xinjiang from 2003 to 2020. RFVC-PRE, the partial correlation coefficient between FVC and precipitation.

图10 2003-2020年新疆主要土地利用类型植被覆盖度(FVC)温度(A)、降水量(B)、地下水储量(C)的影响与干旱指数的关系图(平均值±标准差)。黑色线表示3种土地利用类型(草地、灌丛、耕地)的拟合结果, 红色表示4种土地利用类型(草地、稀疏草地、灌丛、耕地)的拟合结果。

Fig. 10 Relationship between fractional vegetation cover (FVC) influencing factors of main vegetation types in Xinjiang and aridity index from 2003 to 2020 (mean ± SD). A, Temperature. B, Precipitation. C, Groundwater storage. RFVC-TMP, RFVC-PRE and RFVC-GWS represent the partial correlation coefficient between fractional vegetation cover and temperature, precipitation and groundwater storage, respectively. The black curve represents the fitting results of three vegetation types (grassland, shrubland, cropland), and the red curve represents the fitting results of four vegetation types (grassland, sparse grassland, shrubland, cropland).

图11 2003-2019年新疆农业种植与管理变化趋势。

Fig. 11 Trends of agricultural planting and management in Xinjiang from 2003 to 2019.

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新疆地区植被覆盖度时空变化及其影响因素分析

Study of spatio-temporal variation in fractional vegetation cover and its influencing factors in Xinjiang, China

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