降水量变化及氮添加下荒漠草原土壤有机碳及其易分解组分研究

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0229

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 1065-1077.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0229 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0229

降水量变化及氮添加下荒漠草原土壤有机碳及其易分解组分研究

马煦晗¹, 黄菊莹¹^,^*()(), 余海龙², 韩翠¹, 李冰¹

¹西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 宁夏大学生态环境学院, 银川 750021
²宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2023-08-09 接受日期:2024-05-06 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-05-07
通讯作者: *黄菊莹(juyinghuang@163.com), ORCID:0000-0002-1351-7282
基金资助:
宁夏自然科学基金(2022AAC02012);国家自然科学基金(32160277);国家自然科学基金(32371632)

Soil organic carbon and its easily decomposed components under precipitation change and nitrogen addition in a desert steppe in northwest China

MA Xu-Han¹, HUANG Ju-Ying¹^,^*()(), YU Hai-Long², HAN Cui¹, LI Bing¹

¹Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
²School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2023-08-09 Accepted:2024-05-06 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-05-07
Contact: *HUANG Ju-Ying(juyinghuang@163.com), ORCID:0000-0002-1351-7282
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2022AAC02012);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160277);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371632)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤有机碳(C)库在稳定陆地C循环和调节全球气候等方面扮演着重要角色。该研究基于2017年设立于宁夏荒漠草原的降水量变化(-50%、-30%、自然、+30%、+50%)及氮(N)添加(0和5 g·m^-2·a^-1)的两因素野外实验, 探讨了处理4年后, 0-60 cm土壤有机C特征(含量、储量、组分)的变化规律和影响因素, 以期为科学预测全球变化下半干旱区草原C汇功能提供数据支撑。N添加对土壤有机C特征影响较小。相比之下, 降水量改变了有机C特征, 且其影响程度依赖于N水平和土层深度。就整个0-60 cm而言, 与自然降水量相比, 0 g·m^-2·a^-1 N添加下, 增减降水量对有机C特征影响较小; 5 g·m^-2·a^-1 N添加下, 减少30%降水量显著提高了易氧化有机C和溶解性有机C含量, 增加30%降水量显著提高了颗粒有机C和轻组有机C含量。有机C含量及其储量与土壤含水量、纤维二糖水解酶、碱性磷酸酶活性正相关, 与土壤NO₃^--N含量负相关。易氧化有机C、颗粒有机C和轻组有机C含量与土壤亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性正相关, 与微生物生物量N含量负相关。溶解性有机C和微生物生物量C含量则与以上3个指标呈相反的关系。研究结果表明, N添加下, 降水量改变对土壤有机C含量及其储量影响较小, 但适度增减降水量会通过改变土壤含水量、N有效性、酶活性以及植物群落优势度等途径降低有机C稳定性, 从而导致荒漠草原土壤C排放风险增加。

关键词: 半干旱区, 降水格局, 氮沉降, 土壤碳排放, 土壤碳稳定性

Abstract:

Aims Soil organic carbon (C) pool plays an important role in regulating terrestrial C cycle and global climate, etc. The purpose of this study is to furnish data that will facilitate the scientific prediction of the C sink function of the grasslands in semi-arid regions under global change.

Methods Based on a two-factor field experiment of precipitation change (-50%, -30%, natural, +30%, +50%) and nitrogen (N) addition (0 and 5 g·m^-2·a^-1) established in 2017 in a desert steppe in Ningxia, we explored the response patterns and driving factors of soil organic C characteristics (content, storage, and components) in 0-60 cm soils after 4 years of treatments.

Important findings N addition had little effects on soil organic C characteristics. In contrast, precipitation exerted a significant influence on soil organic C characteristics, with the magnitude of the effect contingent up on the N level and soil depth. In the absence of N addition, both increasing and decreasing precipitation had a minimal impact on organic C characteristics across the whole 0-60 cm depth. In contrast, a 30% reduction in precipitation led to a significant increase in the content of easily oxidized organic C and dissolved organic C, while a 30% increase in precipitation resulted in a significant increase in the content of particulate organic C and light fraction organic C under 5 g·m^-2·a^-1 N addition. The content of soil organic C and its storage were positively correlated with soil water content, cellobiohydrolase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity. Conversely, they were negatively correlated with soil NO₃^--N. The content of easily oxidized organic C, particulate organic C and light fraction organic C was found to be positively correlated with soil leucine aminopeptidase activity and the Simpson dominance index, while negatively correlated with microbial biomass N content. Dissolved organic C and microbial biomass C content showed the opposite relationship with the three indices above. These findings indicate that alterations in precipitation levels exert minimal influence on soil organic C content and its storage in the context of N addition. However, moderate increases and decreases in precipitation will diminish soil organic C stability by influencing soil water content, N availability, enzyme activity and plant community dominance, which may, in turn, elevate the risk of soil C emission in desert steppes.

Key words: semi-arid region, precipitation pattern, nitrogen deposition, soil carbon emission, soil carbon stability

马煦晗, 黄菊莹, 余海龙, 韩翠, 李冰. 降水量变化及氮添加下荒漠草原土壤有机碳及其易分解组分研究. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(8): 1065-1077. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0229

MA Xu-Han, HUANG Ju-Ying, YU Hai-Long, HAN Cui, LI Bing. Soil organic carbon and its easily decomposed components under precipitation change and nitrogen addition in a desert steppe in northwest China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(8): 1065-1077. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0229

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0229

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I8/1065

图/表 11

图1 2018-2022年宁夏盐池县气象因子月动态。气象数据来源于中国气象数据网(https://data.cma.cn/)。

Fig. 1 Monthly dynamics of meteorological factors in Yanchi County, Ningxia during 2018-2022. The meteorological data are obtained from China Meteorological Data Network (https://data.cma.cn/).

图2 宁夏盐池县降水量变化及氮添加实验布局图(随机区组裂区设计)。图中缩写见表1。

Fig. 2 Precipitation change and nitrogen addition experiment layout in Yanchi County, Ningxia. (random block split zone design). See abbreviations in Table 1.

表1 宁夏盐池县实验处理及其在文中的简写

Table 1 Experimental treatments and their abbreviations in the text in Yanchi County, Ningxia

氮添加处理 Nitrogen addition treatment (N·m^-2·a^-1)	降水量减少50% 50% reduction in precipitation	降水量减少30% 30% reduction in precipitation	自然降水量 Natural precipitation	降水量增加30% 30% increase in precipitation	降水量增加50% 50% increase in precipitation
0	W1N0	W2N0	W3N0	W4N0	W5N0
5	W1N5	W2N5	W3N5	W4N5	W5N5

表2 降水量(α)、氮添加(β)及土层深度(γ)对宁夏盐池县荒漠草原土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

Table 2 Effects of precipitation (α), nitrogen addition (β) and soil depth (γ) on soil organic carbon and its components in desert steppe of Yanchi County, Ningxia

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom (df)	SOC	EOC	DOC	POC	LFOC	MBC	SOCS
α	4	1.033^*	4.864	4.566	2.669^**	5.009	5.800^**	2.428
β	1	2.832	1.174	0.010	9.313	5.411	14.317	2.923
γ	3/1/2¹⁾	114.396^**	35.593^**	265.927^*	24.062^*	19.692^*	1 861.216^*	48.817^*
α × β	4	1.838	19.222^*	4.555^*	6.332	0.200	5.107	0.773
α × γ	12/4/8¹⁾	2.001	7.463	5.117	10.147^*	10.809	2.406	3.042
β × γ	3/1/2¹⁾	6.961	4.411	21.818^*	2.376	0.168	84.427^*	36.539^**
α × β × γ	12/4/8¹⁾	4.980	12.955^*	5.835	7.800^*	0.924	4.033	1.730

图3 降水量及氮添加对宁夏盐池县荒漠草原0-60 cm土壤有机碳含量的影响(平均值±标准误)。图中缩写见表1。不同大写和小写字母分别表示在0和5 g N·m-2·a-1下, 土壤有机碳含量在降水量处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。*表示同一降水量处理下, 有机碳含量在氮处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of precipitation and nitrogen addition on 0-60 cm soil organic carbon content in desert steppe of Yanchi County, Ningxia (mean ± SE). See abbreviations in Table 1. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the precipitation treatments under 0 and 5 g N·m-2·a-1 (p < 0.05), respectively. * represents significant differences between nitrogen treatments under the same precipitation condition (p < 0.05).

图4 降水量及氮添加对宁夏盐池县荒漠草原0-60 cm土壤有机碳(C)及其组分含量的影响(平均值±标准误)。图中缩写见表1。不同大写和小写字母分别表示在0和5 g N·m-2·a-1下, 各指标含量在降水量处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。*表示同一降水量处理下, 各指标含量在氮处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of precipitation and nitrogen addition on 0-60 cm soil organic carbon (C) and its components contents in desert steppe of Yanchi County, Ningxia (mean ± SE). See abbreviations in Table 1. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the precipitation treatments under 0 and 5 g N·m-2·a-1 (p < 0.05), respectively. * represents significant differences between nitrogen treatments under the same precipitation condition (p < 0.05).

图5 降水量及氮添加对宁夏盐池县荒漠草原0-60 cm土壤有机碳(C)储量的影响(平均值±标准误)。图中缩写见表1。不同大写和小写字母分别表示在0和5 g N·m-2·a-1下, 土壤有机碳储量在降水量处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。*表示同一降水量处理下, 有机碳储量在氮处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of precipitation and nitrogen addition on 0-60 cm soil organic carbon (C) storage in desert steppe of Yanchi County, Ningxia (mean ± SE). See abbreviations in Table 1. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the precipitation treatments under 0 and 5 g N·m-2·a-1 (p < 0.05), respectively. * represents significant differences between nitrogen treatments under the same precipitation condition (p < 0.05).

表3 宁夏盐池县荒漠草原土壤有机碳含量及其储量的冗余分析中各环境因子的条件效应

Table 3 Conditional effects of environmental factors in redundancy analysis of soil organic carbon content and its storage in desert steppe of Yanchi County, Ningxia

因子 Factor	NO₃^--N	CBH	AKP	STP	SWC	NH₄⁺-N	MBP	EC	BG	NAG
贡献率 Contribution (%)	40.7	25.7	21.3	20.2	16.1	14.7	7.7	7.6	5.9	5.6
F	14.600	7.800	6.100	5.700	4.400	4.000	2.000	1.900	1.500	1.400
p	0.004*	0.016*	0.008*	0.030*	0.042*	0.064	0.146	0.154	0.258	0.262

图6 降水量变化及氮添加下宁夏盐池县荒漠草原土壤有机碳含量及其储量与环境因子的冗余分析。AKP, 土壤碱性磷酸酶活性; CBH, 土壤纤维二糖水解酶活性; NO3--N, 土壤硝态氮含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; SOCS, 土壤有机碳储量; STP, 土壤孔隙度; SWC, 土壤含水量。

Fig. 6 Redundancy analysis of soil organic carbon and its storage and environmental factors under precipitation change and nitrogen addition in desert steppe of Yanchi County, Ningxia. AKP, soil alkaline phosphatase activity; CBH, soil cellobiohydrolase activity; NO3--N, soil nitrate nitrogen content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; SOCS, soil organic carbon storage; STP, soil total porosity; SWC, soil water content.

表4 宁夏盐池县荒漠草原土壤有机碳组分的冗余分析中环境因子的条件效应

Table 4 Conditional effects of environmental factors in redundancy analysis of soil organic carbon components in desert steppe of Yanchi County, Ningxia

因子 Factor	MBN	LAP	D	NH₄⁺-N	EC	E	ST	MBP	R	SWC
贡献率 Contribution (%)	26.9	20.9	15.7	9.2	7.5	7.0	5.8	2.4	2.2	1.9
F	8.400	6.100	4.300	2.400	1.900	1.800	1.500	0.600	0.500	0.500
p	0.006*	0.014*	0.034*	0.118	0.170	0.192	0.264	0.496	0.484	0.518

图7 降水量变化及氮添加下宁夏盐池县荒漠草原土壤有机碳组分含量与环境因子的冗余分析。D, Simpson优势度指数; DOC, 土壤溶解性有机碳含量; EOC, 土壤易氧化有机碳含量; LAP, 土壤亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性; LFOC, 土壤轻组有机碳含量; MBC, 微生物生物量碳含量; MBN, 微生物生物量氮含量; POC, 土壤颗粒有机碳含量。

Fig. 7 Redundancy analysis of soil organic carbon components and environmental factors under precipitation change and nitrogen addition in desert steppe of Yanchi County, Ningxia. D, Simpson dominance index; DOC, soil dissolved organic carbon content; EOC, soil easily oxidized organic carbon content; LAP, soil leucine aminopeptidase activity; LFOC, soil light group organic carbon content; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; POC, soil particulate organic carbon content.

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降水量变化及氮添加下荒漠草原土壤有机碳及其易分解组分研究

Soil organic carbon and its easily decomposed components under precipitation change and nitrogen addition in a desert steppe in northwest China

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