氮添加对杉木苗期磷转化和分解类真菌的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0098

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 220-231.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0098

所属专题：菌根真菌

氮添加对杉木苗期磷转化和分解类真菌的影响

谢欢¹, 张秋芳², 曾泉鑫¹, 周嘉聪¹, 马亚培¹, 吴玥¹, 刘苑苑¹, 林惠瑛¹, 尹云锋¹, 陈岳民¹^,^*()

¹福建师范大学地理科学学院, 湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培训基地, 福州 350007
²北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2021-03-18 接受日期:2021-05-27 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2021-07-22
通讯作者: 陈岳民
作者简介:*(ymchen@fjnu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
福建省自然科学基金(2020J01142);福建省自然科学基金(2020J01397)

Effects of nitrogen addition on phosphorus transformation and decomposition fungi in seedling stage of Cunninghamia lanceolata

XIE Huan¹, ZHANG Qiu-Fang², ZENG Quan-Xin¹, ZHOU Jia-Cong¹, MA Ya-Pei¹, WU Yue¹, LIU Yuan-Yuan¹, LIN Hui-Ying¹, YIN Yun-Feng¹, CHEN Yue-Min¹^,^*()

¹School of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
²College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2021-03-18 Accepted:2021-05-27 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2021-07-22
Contact: CHEN Yue-Min
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J01142);Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J01397)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

持续增加的氮沉降加剧了森林土壤氮磷养分失衡, 并且已成为当前生态学领域关注的热点。真菌作为土壤中主要的微生物, 在维持养分平衡, 促进植物生长过程中发挥着不可忽视的作用。该研究以杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)土壤为研究对象, 通过施加硝酸铵模拟大气氮沉降, 设置对照(CK, 0 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)、低氮(LN, 40 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)和高氮(HN, 80 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1) 3个处理, 利用高通量测序并结合FUNGuild真菌功能预测, 研究亚热带地区杉木土壤真菌群落结构和功能对氮沉降的响应。结果表明: 氮添加降低了杉木幼苗的生物量和叶片磷含量。在杉木土壤中, 子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)是真菌群落在门水平上的优势类群, 三者的相对丰度约占整个真菌群落的76.71%-86.72%。短期氮添加对真菌门水平物种组成的影响不显著, 但LN处理较对照处理显著提高了球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)的相对丰度。在目水平上, 与对照相比, LN处理也显著提高被孢霉目(Mortierellales)的相对丰度, HN处理显著增加银耳目(Tremellales)的相对丰度, 但显著降低粪壳菌纲(Sordariales)的相对丰度。并且LN处理显著提高了土壤有效磷含量, 且与被孢霉目和球囊菌门的相对丰度呈显著正相关关系, 表明氮添加可能通过改变与磷转化相关的真菌类群来维持杉木生长的磷有效性。此外, LN处理显著降低了腐生营养型真菌的相对丰度, 但是显著增加了丛枝菌根真菌的相对丰度。总之, 土壤真菌功能类群可以通过改变不同功能类群相对丰度来参与土壤养分循环。

关键词: 氮沉降, 真菌, FUNGuild功能预测, 磷转化, 分解, 杉木

Abstract:

Aims The increasing deposition of nitrogen (N) has led to an imbalance of N and phosphorus (P) in forest soils, and has become the focus of ecological studies. Fungi, as one of the main microorganisms in soils, plays an important role in maintaining nutrient balance and promoting plant growth. Enhancing the understanding of the growth status of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings and the changes of soil fungal community structure and functional groups under the treatments of N addition, are helpful to study the process of soil nutrient cycling, and provide references for scientific management and sustainable development of C. lanceolata plantation.

Methods In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing and FUNGuild functional prediction to determine changes in soil fungal structural composition and functional groups of C. lanceolatain response to the application of control (0 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1), low N (40 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1), and high N (80 kg·N hm^-2·a^-1) treatments.

Important findings The results showed that N addition reduced biomass and leaf P content of C. lanceolata seedlings. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the three dominant phyla in the experimental soils, and accounted for 76.71%-86.72% of the relative abundance among the entire fungal community. The effect of short-term N addition on fungal composition was not significant at the phylum level. However, the relative abundance of Glomeromycota increased significantly with the low N treatment. At the order level, compared with the control, low N treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Mortierellales. High N treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Tremellales, but significantly reduced that of Sordariales. In addition, low N treatment significantly increased soil available P content, and there were significant positive correlations with the relative abundances of Glomeromycota and Mortierellales. These results indicate that N addition may maintain P availability of C. lanceolatagrowth by altering the fungi associated with P transformation. In addition, the relative abundance of saprotroph group was significantly reduced under low N treatment, but the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was significantly increased. In conclusion, soil fungal functional groups can participate in soil nutrient cycling by changing the relative abundance of different functional groups.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, fungi, FUNGuild functional prediction, phosphorus transformation, decomposition, Cunninghamia lanceolata

谢欢, 张秋芳, 曾泉鑫, 周嘉聪, 马亚培, 吴玥, 刘苑苑, 林惠瑛, 尹云锋, 陈岳民. 氮添加对杉木苗期磷转化和分解类真菌的影响. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(2): 220-231. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0098

XIE Huan, ZHANG Qiu-Fang, ZENG Quan-Xin, ZHOU Jia-Cong, MA Ya-Pei, WU Yue, LIU Yuan-Yuan, LIN Hui-Ying, YIN Yun-Feng, CHEN Yue-Min. Effects of nitrogen addition on phosphorus transformation and decomposition fungi in seedling stage of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(2): 220-231. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0098

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0098

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I2/220

图/表 11

表1 氮(N)添加对杉木幼苗生长和叶片磷(P)含量的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 4)

Table 1 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on Cunninghamia lanceolata seedling growth and leaf phosphorus (P) content (mean ± SD, n = 4)

指标 Index	CK	LN	HN	p
SH (mm)	50.67 ± 2.36^a	46.17 ± 1.93^b	33.67 ± 2.87^c	<0.01
GD (mm)	4.61 ± 0.20	4.48 ± 0.30	4.41 ± 0.52	0.75
TB (g)	14.73 ± 0.36^a	13.69 ± 2.77^ab	13.57 ± 0.39^b	0.56
Leaf P (mg·kg^-1)	3.30 ± 0.47^a	2.35 ± 0.36^b	2.16 ± 0.08^b	<0.01
Leaf N:P	6.02 ± 1.06^b	8.33 ± 0.45^a	9.31 ± 1.35^a	<0.01

表2 氮添加对土壤理化性质的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 4)

Table 2 Effects of nitrogen addition on soil physical and chemical properties (mean ± SD, n = 4)

指标 Index	CK	LN	HN	p
pH	4.55 ± 0.06^a	4.51 ± 0.06^ab	4.40 ± 0.09^c	0.03
TC (g·kg^-1)	16.30 ± 0.23	16.20 ± 0.04	16.61 ± 0.24	0.06
TN (g·kg^-1)	1.47 ± 0.03	1.48 ± 0.05	1.50 ± 0.02	0.57
TP (mg·kg^-1)	586.19 ± 8.49^b	611.19 ± 15.49^a	595.88 ± 9.35^ab	0.02
AN (mg·kg^-1)	7.97 ± 0.22^b	8.58 ± 0.49^a	8.83 ± 0.25^a	0.01
AP (mg·kg^-1)	23.92 ± 1.13^b	26.25 ± 1.23^a	24.40 ± 1.24^b	0.02
DOC (mg·kg^-1)	7.67 ± 0.60^a	6.78 ± 0.44^b	3.99 ± 0.71^c	<0.01
DON (mg·kg^-1)	4.61 ± 0.40^b	6.68 ± 0.36^a	7.24 ± 0.71^a	<0.01

表3 氮添加对土壤真菌群落α多样性的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 4)

Table 3 Effects of nitrogen addition on alpha diversity of soil fungi community (mean ± SD, n = 4)

处理 Treatment	OTU观测数 Observed OTU	多样性指数 Diversity index
处理 Treatment	OTU观测数 Observed OTU	Shannon	Simpson	Ace	Chao 1
CK	832 ± 128	4.21 ± 0.10	0.07 ± 0.02	852.98 ± 152.33	857.72 ± 150.93
LN	643 ± 175	4.09 ± 0.35	0.07 ± 0.02	654.06 ± 179.93	661.40 ± 182.85
HN	672 ± 59	3.66 ± 0.37	0.11 ± 0.04	689.93 ± 65.43	690.11 ± 62.48
p	0.14	0.07	0.07	0.16	0.16

图1 土壤真菌群落组成主坐标分析(n = 4)。CK, 对照处理; HN, 高氮处理; LN, 低氮处理。

Fig. 1 Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of soil fungal communities (n = 4). CK, control treatment; HN, high nitrogen treatment; LN, low nitrogen treatment.

表4 氮添加对土壤主要目水平真菌相对丰度的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 4)

Table 4 Effects of nitrogen addition on the relative abundance of main fungi at the order in soil (mean ± SD, n = 4)

门 Phylum	目 Order	CK	LN	HN	p
子囊菌门 Ascomycota	散囊菌目 Eurotiales	8.51 ± 3.32	7.13 ± 1.92	11.40 ± 7.60	0.48
	肉座菌目 Hypocreales	6.56 ± 0.77	7.98 ± 2.64	4.90 ± 0.36	0.07
	粪壳目 Sordariales	4.18 ± 0.11^a	3.34 ± 0.09^b	2.40 ± 0.50^c	<0.01
担子菌门 Basidiomycota	银耳目 Tremellales	19.30 ± 3.47^b	22.04 ± 4.20^b	29.33 ± 3.94^a	0.01
担子菌门 Basidiomycota	丝孢酵母目 Trichosporonales	1.46 ± 1.14	0.69 ± 0.06	1.10 ± 0.22	0.32
被孢霉门 Mortierellomycota	被孢霉目 Mortierellales	13.26 ± 1.20^b	18.06 ± 2.49^a	15.40 ± 1.17^b	0.01

图2 氮添加对土壤门水平真菌相对丰度的影响(n = 4)。CK, 对照处理; HN, 高氮处理; LN, 低氮处理。

Fig. 2 Effects of nitrogen addition on the relative abundance of fungi at the phylum level in soil (n = 4). CK, control treatment; HN, high nitrogen treatment; LN, low nitrogen treatment.

图3 氮添加对土壤真菌营养类型的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 4)。CK, 对照处理; HN, 高氮处理; LN, 低氮处理。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of nitrogen addition on soil fungi trophic mode (mean ± SD, n = 4). CK, control treatment; HN, high nitrogen treatment; LN, low nitrogen treatment. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among different treatments (p < 0.05).

图4 氮添加对土壤真菌功能类群的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 4)。CK, 对照处理; HN, 高氮处理; LN, 低氮处理。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of nitrogen addition on soil fungi functional groups (mean ± SD, n = 4). CK, control treatment; HN, high nitrogen treatment; LN, low nitrogen treatment. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among different treatments (p < 0.05).

图5 土壤真菌差异物种与环境因子的相关关系。AN, 有效氮含量; AP, 有效磷含量; DOC, 溶解有机碳含量; DON, 溶解有机氮含量; TC, 总碳含量; TN, 总氮含量; TP, 总磷含量。Glo, 球囊菌门; Mor, 被孢霉目; Sor, 粪壳目; Tre, 银耳目。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 5 Correlation between different soil fungi species and environmental factors. AN, available nitrogen content; AP, available phosphorus content; DOC, dissolved organic carbon content; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen content; TC, total carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content. Glo, Glomeromycota; Mor, Mortierellales; Sor, Sordariales; Tre, Tremellales. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图6 土壤有效磷含量与丛枝菌根真菌相对丰度之间的线性相关关系。

Fig. 6 Relationships between soil available phosphorus content and relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal.

图7 氮添加对土壤真菌群落结构和杉木生长影响的概念图。+, 显著增加; -, 显著降低; ns, 无显著变化。

Fig. 7 Conceptual diagram of the effects of nitrogen addition on soil fungi structure and Cunninghamia lanceolata growth. +, significant increase; -, significant decrease; ns, no significant change.

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氮添加对杉木苗期磷转化和分解类真菌的影响

Effects of nitrogen addition on phosphorus transformation and decomposition fungi in seedling stage of Cunninghamia lanceolata

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