降水量变化与氮添加下荒漠草原土壤酶活性及其影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0264

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 309-320.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0264

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；生物地球化学；微生物生态学

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

降水量变化与氮添加下荒漠草原土壤酶活性及其影响因素

朱湾湾¹^,², 王攀², 许艺馨², 李春环², 余海龙², 黄菊莹¹^,^*()

¹宁夏大学生态环境学院, 西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021
²宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2020-08-03 接受日期:2020-12-22 出版日期:2021-03-20 发布日期:2021-05-17
通讯作者: 黄菊莹
作者简介:* 黄菊莹: ORCID:0000-0002-1351-7282 (juyinghuang@163.com)
基金资助:
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(生态学)项目(NXYLXK2017B06);国家自然科学基金(31760144);国家自然科学基金(41961001)

Soil enzyme activities and their influencing factors in a desert steppe of northwestern China under changing precipitation regimes and nitrogen addition

ZHU Wan-Wan¹^,², WANG Pan², XU Yi-Xin², LI Chun-Huan², YU Hai-Long², HUANG Ju-Ying¹^,^*()

¹School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Ningxia University, Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China
²School of Geography Science and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2020-08-03 Accepted:2020-12-22 Online:2021-03-20 Published:2021-05-17
Contact: HUANG Ju-Ying
Supported by:
Project of First-Class Discipline Construction (Ecology) for Ningxia Higher Education(NXYLXK2017B06);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760144);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41961001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤酶主要由植物根系和微生物分泌产生, 参与有机质降解和元素循环等重要过程。研究降水量变化和氮(N)添加下土壤酶活性及其与植物群落组成以及微生物活动间的联系, 可为深入理解全球变化背景下植被-土壤系统中元素的循环与转化机制提供科学依据。该研究基于2017年在宁夏荒漠草原设立的降水量变化(减少50%、减少30%、对照、增加30%以及增加50%)和N添加(0和5 g·m^-2·a^-1)的野外试验, 研究了2018-2019年土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性的变化, 分析了其与植物群落组成、微生物生态化学计量特征的关系。结果表明: 与减少降水量相比, 增加降水量对3种酶活性的影响较大, 但其效应与N添加以及年份存在交互作用。2018年增加降水量对3种酶活性的影响缺乏明显的规律性。2019年增加降水量不同程度地提高了3种酶活性。N添加对3种酶活性影响较小(尤其2019年); 草木樨状黄耆(Astragalus melilotoides)生物量与脲酶和磷酸酶活性负相关。糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)生物量与3种酶活性正相关。除Patrick丰富度指数外, 植物群落多样性指数普遍与3种酶活性负相关; 对酶活性影响较大的因子包括土壤pH、土壤全磷(P)含量和微生物生物量碳(C):N:P。因此, 短期内降水量变化及N添加对荒漠草原土壤酶的影响较小(尤其在减少降水量条件下); 降水量增加及N添加通过提高植物生物量、改变植物多样性、调节微生物生物量元素平衡以及增强土壤P有效性, 直接影响着土壤酶活性。鉴于土壤酶种类的多样化和功能的复杂性, 今后还需结合多种酶活性的长期变化规律, 深入分析全球变化对酶活性的影响机制。

关键词: 干旱半干旱区, 降水格局改变, 大气氮沉降增加, 微生物生态化学计量特征, 植物群落多样性

Abstract:

Aims Soil enzymes, which are mainly produced by plant roots and soil microbes, involve in the organic matter degradation and element cycling and other key processes in plant-soil systems. Study on the relationships between soil enzyme activity and plant community composition and microbial activity under changing precipitation pattern and increasing nitrogen (N) deposition can provide a new insight for evaluating the influencing mechanism of global change on the biogeochemical cycling in plant-soil systems.
Methods Based on a field experiment involving five precipitation treatments (50% reduction, 30% reduction, natural precipitation, 30% increase, and 50% increase) and two N addition treatments (0 and 5 g·m^-2·a^-1) conducted in a desert steppe of Ningxia since 2017, the changes of soil enzyme activities (sucrase, urease, and phosphatase) were studied and their relationships with plant community composition and microbial ecological stoichiometry were analyzed in 2018 and 2019.
Important findings Compared with decreasing precipitation, increasing precipitation had greater impacts on the three enzyme activities, but its effects were interacted with N addition and sampling year. Increasing precipitation had no significant impacts on the three enzyme activities in 2018, but enhanced them in 2019. By contrast, N addition had less influences on the three enzyme activities, especially in 2019. The biomass of Astragalus melilotoides was negatively correlated with urease and phosphatase activities, while the biomass of Cleistogenes squarrosa had positive correlation with the three enzyme activities. Except the Patrick richness index, plant community diversity indices were generally negatively correlated with the three enzyme activities. Soil enzyme activities were more greatly affected by soil pH, soil total phosphorus (P), and microbial biomass carbon (C):N:P. Therefore, short-term precipitation change and N addition have little effects on the soil enzymes in the studied desert steppe (especially under reducing precipitation); increasing precipitation and N addition could pose direct influences on soil enzyme activities by increasing plant biomass, changing plant diversity, regulating microbial biomass ecological stoichiometry, and enhancing soil P availability. Given the diversity and functional complexity of soil enzymes, it is necessary to deeply analyze the influencing mechanism of global change on enzyme activities by measuring the long-term responses of various enzyme activities.

Key words: arid and semi-arid region, changing precipitation regimes, increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition, microbial ecological stoichiometry, plant community diversity

朱湾湾, 王攀, 许艺馨, 李春环, 余海龙, 黄菊莹. 降水量变化与氮添加下荒漠草原土壤酶活性及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(3): 309-320. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0264

ZHU Wan-Wan, WANG Pan, XU Yi-Xin, LI Chun-Huan, YU Hai-Long, HUANG Ju-Ying. Soil enzyme activities and their influencing factors in a desert steppe of northwestern China under changing precipitation regimes and nitrogen addition. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(3): 309-320. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0264

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0264

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I3/309

图/表 8

表1 降水和氮(N)添加处理前试验样地0-20 cm土壤理化性质(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Soil physical and chemical properties in 0-20 cm layer of experimental field before precipitation and nitrogen (N) addition treatments (mean ± SE)

pH	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen (N) content (g·kg^-1)	全磷含量 Total phosphorus (P) content (g·kg^-1)	NH₄⁺-N含量 Ammonium N content (mg·kg^-1)	NO₃^--N含量 Nitrate N content (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available P content (mg·kg^-1)
8.85 ± 0.01	3.70 ± 0.11	0.48 ± 0.00	0.34 ± 0.01	1.83 ± 0.07	9.96 ± 0.59	2.55 ± 0.29

表2 试验处理及其代码

Table 2 Experimental treatments and their abbreviations

试验处理 Experimental treatment	降水量减少50% 50% reduction in precipitation	降水量减少30% 30% reduction in precipitation	自然降水量 Natural precipitation	降水量增加30% 30% increase in precipitation	降水量增加50% 50% increase in precipitation
0 g N·m^-2·a^-1	W1N0	W2N0	W3N0	W4N0	W5N0
5 g N·m^-2·a^-1	W1N5	W2N5	W3N5	W4N5	W5N5

表3 年份(α)、降水量(β)、氮添加(γ)及其交互作用对土壤酶活性的影响

Table 3 Effects of sampling year (α), precipitation (β), nitrogen addition (γ), and their interactions on soil enzyme activities

差异来源 Difference source	α	β	γ	α × β	α × γ	β × γ	α × β × γ
SA	25.571^**	4.421^**	24.767^**	5.802^**	0.179	0.433	0.472
UA	385.536^**	5.662^**	8.980^**	4.755^**	0.563	3.530^*	2.959^*
PA	186.338^**	7.070^**	3.716	16.133	1.207	1.143	3.945^**

图1 2018和2019年降水量及氮(N)添加对土壤酶活性的影响(平均值±标准误)。W1、W2、W3、W4和W5分别代表降水量减少50%、减少30%、自然降水、增加30%和增加50%。N0和N5分别代表0和5 g·m-2·a-1的N添加水平。不同小写字母表示相同N添加水平下降水量处理间各指标存在显著性差异(p < 0.05)。*表示相同降水量下N添加处理间各指标存在显著性差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of precipitation and nitrogen addition on soil enzyme activities in 2018 and 2019 (mean ± SE). W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5 represent 50% reduction in precipitation, 30% reduction in precipitation, natural precipitation (control), 30% increase in precipitation, 50% increase in precipitation, respectively. N0 and N5 represent 0 and 5 g·m -2·a-1 of nitrogen addition level, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) of indices among precipitation treatments under the same nitrogen addition level. * indicates significant difference (p < 0.05) of indices among nitrogen addition treatments under the same precipitation.

图2 土壤酶活性与植物生物量的关系。A、B、C、D和E分别表示牛枝子、草木樨状黄耆、白草、针茅和糙隐子草的种群生物量。F代表群落生物量。SA、UA和PA分别代表蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性。*、**和***分别表示p < 0.05、p < 0.01和p < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Relationships between soil enzyme activities and plant biomass. A, B, C, D and E represent the population biomass of Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus melilotoides, Pennisetum centrasiaticum, Stipa capillata, Cleistogenes squarrosa, respectively. F represents the community biomass. SA, UA, and PA represent sucrase, urease, and phosphatase activities, respectively. *, ** and *** indicate p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively.

图3 荒漠草原土壤酶活性与植物群落多样性的关系。SA、UA和PA分别代表蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性。*、**和***分别表示p < 0.05、p < 0.01和p < 0.001。

Fig. 3 Relationships between soil enzyme activities and plant community diversity in desert steppe. SA, UA, and PA represent sucrase, urease, and phosphatase activities, respectively. *, ** and *** indicate p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively.

表4 冗余分析中各环境因子的条件效应

Table 4 Conditional effects of environmental factors in redundancy analysis

指标 Index	pH	TP	C:P_m	C:N_m	N:P_s	MBC	MBP	C:P_s	NH₄⁺-N	MBN	NO₃^--N	N:P_m	SWC	SOC	TN	EC	AP	C:N_s
F	53.7	37.3	28.4	28.0	27.2	22.4	20.1	18.4	17.9	16.4	5.9	2.5	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.4	0.3	0.2
p	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.016	0.110	0.266	0.318	0.356	0.638	0.676	0.776

图4 土壤酶活性与微生物生态化学计量特征及其他环境因子的冗余分析(RDA)。SA、UA和PA分别代表蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性。TP、C:Ps和N:Ps分别代表土壤全P含量、C:P和N:P。MBC、MBN、MBP、C:Nm和C:Pm分别代表微生物生物量C、N、P含量, C:N和C:P。NH4+-N、NO3--N分别代表土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N含量。

Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil enzyme activities and microbial ecological stoichiometry and other environmental factors. SA, UA, and PA represent sucrase, urease, and phosphatase activities, respectively. TP, C:Ps and N:Psrepresent soil total phosphorus content, C:P and N:P, respectively. MBC, MBN, MBP, C:Nm and C:Pm represent microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus content, C:N and C:P, respectively. NH4+-N, NO3--N represent soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen content, respectively.

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降水量变化与氮添加下荒漠草原土壤酶活性及其影响因素

Soil enzyme activities and their influencing factors in a desert steppe of northwestern China under changing precipitation regimes and nitrogen addition

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