植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 583-597.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0176

所属专题: 全球变化与生态系统

• 综述 •    下一篇

氮磷添加对树木生长和森林生产力影响的研究进展

冯继广, 朱彪*()   

  1. 北京大学生态研究中心, 北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-08 接受日期:2020-04-01 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-06-12
  • 通讯作者: * 朱彪: ORCID:0000-0001-9858-7943, biaozhu@pku.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:冯继广: ORCID: 0000-0002-7342-9313
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0503903);国家自然科学基金(31988102)

A review on the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on tree growth and productivity in forest ecosystems

FENG Ji-Guang, ZHU Biao*()   

  1. Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2019-07-08 Accepted:2020-04-01 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-06-12
  • Contact: ZHU Biao: ORCID:0000-0001-9858-7943, biaozhu@pku.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0503903);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31988102)

摘要:

人为活动所导致的氮、磷输入和大气氮、磷沉降使生态系统中的氮、磷可利用性大幅提高, 对陆地生态系统的碳循环过程产生了显著影响。树木生长和森林生产力在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用, 它决定着陆地碳固存的大小和方向。目前, 在全球范围内开展了很多氮、磷添加调控树木生长和森林生产力的野外控制实验, 但是研究结果并不一致, 受到多种生物、环境和实验处理条件等因素的影响。该文从野外氮添加和磷添加实验的文献数量、实验数量及其全球空间分布三个方面概述了氮、磷添加对树木生长和森林生产力影响的研究现状, 并总结了氮、磷添加实验中树木生长和森林生产力的评估方法, 包括相对生长速率和绝对增长量。基于相关的研究结果, 阐述了氮、磷添加影响树木生长和森林生产力的调控因素及其潜在影响机制, 包括气候、树木径级与林龄、植物功能性状(共生菌根类型、树木固氮属性和保守性与获得性性状)、植物和微生物相互作用关系、区域养分沉降速率和实验处理条件等。最后, 基于当前的研究进行了系统总结, 并指出今后需要加强的几个方面的研究, 以期为后续研究提供参考: 树木生长响应氮、磷添加的生理学机制, 树木各部分生长对氮、磷添加响应的权衡与分配, 植物功能性状在调节与预测树木生长响应氮、磷添加中的作用, 树木之间的竞争关系如何调控氮、磷添加对树木生长的影响, 以及开展长期的和联网的氮、磷添加对树木生长和森林生产力影响的野外控制实验。

关键词: 养分限制, 树木生长, 生态系统生产力, 植物功能性状, 植物与微生物相互作用, 氮沉降, 磷沉降

Abstract:

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs induced by anthropogenic activities and atmospheric N and P deposition have largely increased the availability of soil N and P in terrestrial ecosystems, which have considerably affected terrestrial carbon cycling processes. Tree growth and productivity in forest ecosystems play an important role in global carbon cycling, and determine the magnitude and direction of terrestrial carbon sequestration. Currently, a large number of field manipulation experiments have been conducted to investigate the effects of N and/or P addition on tree growth and forest productivity, but the results from these studies were inconsistent. Such inconsistent results might be affected by multiple factors, including biological, environmental and experimental variables. Here, we reviewed the present research status of the effects of N and P addition on tree growth and forest productivity in forest ecosystems based on three aspects, including the number of publications and experiments with field N and P addition, and the global distributions of these experiments. Then, we summarized the methods for assessing tree growth and forest productivity at ecosystem level in forest ecosystems, including relative growth rate and absolute increment. According to the related results, we reviewed the regulating factors that affect tree growth and productivity, and the potential mechanisms for such factors, including climate, tree size and stand age, plant functional traits (including type of tree-associated mycorrhizal fungi, N-fixation property of trees, and conservative and acquisitive functional traits), plant-microbe interaction, ambient nutrient (i.e., N and P) deposition rate, and experimental variables. Finally, we summarized the current studies, and pointed out five aspects that are urgently needed to provide further insights in future studies, including the physiological mechanism of how tree growth responds to N and P addition, the tradeoff and allocation among growth of various parts of tree under N and P addition, the role of plant functional traits in regulating and predicting the responses of tree growth to N and P addition, how the competition among trees regulates the responses of tree growth to N and P addition, and conducting long-term and coordinated distributed field experiments investigating the effects of N and P addition on tree growth and forest productivity at the global scale.

Key words: nutrient limitation, tree growth, ecosystem productivity, plant functional traits, plant-microbe interaction, nitrogen deposition, phosphorus deposition