氮添加和凋落物处理对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究氮(N)沉降和凋落物输入量改变对凋落叶分解的影响, 该研究于2014年6月至2019年6月, 以华西雨屏区处于N饱和状态的常绿阔叶林为研究对象, 设置N添加和凋落物处理双因素实验, 其中N添加处理分别为对照(CK, 0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1)、低N (LN, 50 kg·hm^-2·a^-1)和高N (HN, 150 kg·hm^-2·a^-1), 凋落物处理分别为凋落物输入量不变(L0, 不改变凋落物输入), 减少(L−, 减少50%)以及增加(L+, 增加50%)。结果表明: 6年N添加处理对该森林生态系统地上凋落物产量影响不显著; N添加处理显著抑制凋落叶分解, 且N添加量越高, 凋落叶分解抑制作用越强; N添加显著降低分解后期凋落叶中锰(Mn)的残留率, 促进Mn的释放; 凋落物输入量的增减处理未显著改变凋落叶分解速率, 而凋落物增减处理升高了凋落叶中Mn的残留率, 减缓Mn的释放; N添加和凋落物处理交互作用不显著。该研究表明亚热带N饱和常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解受N沉降的直接影响显著, 凋落物处理主要影响凋落物分解过程中Mn的含量, 并且凋落物Mn含量在凋落物分解响应N输入的过程中可能起着关键作用。

关键词: 氮沉降, 凋落物处理, 凋落叶分解, 养分残留率, 亚热带常绿阔叶林

Abstract:

Aims The purpose of this study is to examine the responses of litter decomposition to nitrogen (N) deposition and aboveground litter manipulation.
Methods A two-factor experiment of N addition and litterfall manipulation was performed in a N saturation evergreen broadleaf forest on the western edge of the Sichuan Basin in China from June 2014 to June 2019. We conducted three levels of N addition, including an N control (CK, ambient N input), low N (LN, 50 kg·hm^-2·a^-1) and high N (HN, 150 kg·hm^-2·a^-1), and three levels of litterfall manipulation, including intact litter input (L0, no litter alteration), litter reduction (L-, reduced by 50%) and litter addition (L+, increased by 50%).
Important findings We found six-year N addition did not significantly alter the aboveground litter input in the studied forest ecosystem. N addition significantly inhibited leaf litter decomposition, with the leaf litter decomposition significantly decreased in high N treatment. N addition significantly reduced the remaining rate of manganese (Mn) in the late stage and promoted the release of Mn. Litter manipulation did not significantly alter the rate of leaf litter decomposition, but increased the remaining rate of Mn in the litter and slowed down the release of Mn. There was no significant interactive effect between N addition and litter manipulation. This study showed that N addition affected litter decomposition in subtropical N-saturated evergreen broadleaf forests by directly affecting litter decomposition, while litter manipulation mainly affected the content of Mn during litter decomposition. Therefore, the content of Mn of litter may play a key role in the process of litter decomposition in response to N input.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, litter manipulation, leaf litter decomposition, remaining of nutrient, subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest

仲琦, 李曾燕, 马炜, 况雨潇, 邱岭军, 黎蕴洁, 涂利华. 氮添加和凋落物处理对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(5): 629-643. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0063

ZHONG Qi, LI Zeng-Yan, MA Wei, KUANG Yu-Xiao, QIU Ling-Jun, LI Yun-Jie, TU Li-Hua. Effects of nitrogen addition and litter manipulations on leaf litter decomposition in western edge of Sichuan Basin, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(5): 629-643. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0063

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0063

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I5/629

图/表 8

表1 华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林土壤性质(0-35 cm) (平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Soil properties (0-35 cm) of the studied evergreen broadleaf forest in the western edge of the Sichuan Basin (mean ± SE)

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	pH (KCl)	全碳含量 TC content (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 TN content (g·kg^-1)	硝酸氮含量 NO₃^--N content (mg·kg^?1)	铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg·kg^?1)	碳氮比 C:N
0-10	3.52 ± 0.03	33.9 ± 1.4	2.1 ± 0.8	50.8 ± 4.5	19.0 ± 4.4	16.1 ± 0.41
10-35	3.90 ± 0.03	16.0 ± 0.9	1.1 ± 0.1	24.8 ± 3.8	15.0 ± 1.3	14.5 ± 0.37

图1 华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落物量月动态(平均值±标准误)。N effect, 氮效应; Time effect, 时间效应; Time & N effect, 时间与氮处理交互效应。CK, 对照; HN, 高氮(150 kg·hm-2·a-1); LN, 低氮(50 kg·hm-2·a-1)。

Fig. 1 Monthly dynamics of litterfall in the evergreen broadleaf forest located in the western edge of the Sichuan Basin (mean ± SE). N effect, nitrogen (N) effect; Time & N effect, time and N treatment interaction effects. CK, control; HN, high nitrogen (150 kg·hm-2·a-1); LN, low nitrogen (50 kg·hm-2·a-1).

图2 氮添加和凋落物增减对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落物质量残留率(A-C)和碳残留率(D-F)的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; HN, 高氮(150 kg·hm-2·a-1); LN, 低氮(50 kg·hm-2·a-1)。L+, 增加凋落物输入量; L0, 不改变凋落物输入量; L-, 减少凋落物输入量。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 2 Effects of nitrogen addition and litter manipulations on the litter mass loss (A-C) and carbon remaining (D-F) in the evergreen broadleaf forest located in the western edge of the Sichuan Basin (mean ± SE). CK, control; HN, high nitrogen (150 kg·hm-2·a-1); LN, low nitrogen (50 kg·hm-2·a-1). L+, litter addition; L0, intact litter input; L-, litter reduction. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

表2 华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解过程中质量残留率(y, %)与时间(t)的指数回归方程

Table 2 Exponential regression equation of mass remaining (y, %) as a function of leaf litter decomposition to time (t) in the evergreen broadleaf forest located in the western edge of the Sichuan Basin

处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	p	分解常数 Decay constant k (a^-1)	t_50% (a)	t_95% (a)
CKL0	y = 85.781e^-0.482^t	0.912	<0.001	0.49 ± 0.03^a	1.44	6.22
LNL0	y = 79.736e^-0.334^t	0.856	<0.001	0.35 ± 0.03^b	2.08	8.97
HNL0	y = 82.393e^-0.375^t	0.903	<0.001	0.38 ± 0.02^b	1.85	7.99
CKL-	y = 86.317e^-0.517^t	0.892	<0.001	0.53 ± 0.03^a	1.34	5.79
LNL-	y = 82.646e^-0.480^t	0.909	<0.001	0.49 ± 0.01^a	1.44	6.24
HNL-	y = 79.505e^-0.312^t	0.817	<0.001	0.32 ± 0.02^b	2.22	9.60
CKL+	y = 93.328e^-0.568^t	0.984	<0.001	0.58 ± 0.04^a	1.22	5.27
LNL+	y = 81.419e^-0.404^t	0.871	<0.001	0.41 ± 0.02^b	1.72	7.42
HNL+	y = 78.799e^-0.289^t	0.809	<0.001	0.29 ± 0.04^c	2.40	10.37

图3 氮(N)添加和凋落物增减对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落物分解中N、磷(P)、钾(K)、锰(Mn)残留率的影响(平均值±标准误)。CKL0, 对照和不改变凋落物输入量; CKL-, 对照和减少凋落物输入量; CKL+, 对照和增加凋落物输入量; HNL0, 高N (150 kg·hm-2·a-1)和不改变凋落物输入量; HNL-, 高N和减少凋落物输入量; HNL+, 高N和增加凋落物输入量; LNL0, 低N (50 kg·hm-2·a-1)和不改变凋落物输入量; LNL-, 低N和减少凋落物输入量; LNL+, 低N和增加凋落物输入量。虚线左侧星号表示该次取样凋落物处理间差异显著, 虚线右侧星号表示该次取样施N处理间差异显著。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 3 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition and litter manipulations on N, phosphorus (P), kalium (K), manganese (Mn) remaining in leaf litter decomposition in the evergreen broadleaf forest located in the western edge of the Sichuan Basin (mean ± SE). CKL0, N control with intact litter input; CKL-, N control with litter reduction; CKL+, N control with litter addition; HNL0, high N (150 kg·hm-2·a-1) addition with intact litter input; HNL-, high N addition with litter reduction; HNL+, high N addition with litter addition; LNL0, low N (50 kg·hm-2·a-1) addition with intact litter input; LNL-, low N addition with litter reduction; LNL+, low N addition with litter addition. The left side of the dotted line with asterisk indicates that there is a significant difference between treatments of litters in this sampling, and the right side of the dotted line with asterisk indicates that there is a significant difference between treatments of nitrogen in this sampling. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图4 华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落物质量残留率和锰(Mn)残留率的关系。CKL0, 对照和不改变凋落物输入量; CKL-, 对照和减少凋落物输入量; CKL+, 对照和增加凋落物输入量; HNL0, 高氮(150 kg·hm-2·a-1)和不改变凋落物输入量; HNL-, 高氮和减少凋落物输入量; HNL+, 高氮和增加凋落物输入量; LNL0, 低氮(50 kg·hm-2·a-1)和不改变凋落物输入量; LNL-, 低氮和减少凋落物输入量; LNL+, 低氮和增加凋落物输入量。

Fig. 4 Relationship between the litter mass remaining and manganese (Mn) remaining in the evergreen broadleaf forest located in the western edge of the Sichuan Basin. CKL0, nitrogen (N) control with intact litter input; CKL-, nitrogen control with litter reduction; CKL+, nitrogen control with litter addition; HNL0, high N (150 kg·hm-2·a-1) addition with intact litter input; HNL-, high N addition with litter reduction; HNL+, high N addition with litter addition; LNL0, low N (50 kg·hm-2·a-1) addition with intact litter input; LNL-, low N addition with litter reduction; LNL+, low N addition with litter addition.

图5 氮(N)添加和凋落物增减对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落物分解中N、磷(P)、钾(K)、锰(Mn)浓度的影响(平均值±标准误)。CKL0, 对照和不改变凋落物输入量; CKL-, 对照和减少凋落物输入量; CKL+, 对照和增加凋落物输入量; HNL0, 高N (150 kg·hm-2·a-1)和不改变凋落物输入量; HNL-, 高N和减少凋落物输入量; HNL+, 高N和增加凋落物输入量; LNL0, 低N (50 kg·hm-2·a-1)和不改变凋落物输入量; LNL-, 低N和减少凋落物输入量; LNL+, 低N和增加凋落物输入量。

Fig. 5 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition and litter manipulations on N, phosphorus (P), kalium (K) and manganese (Mn) concentration in leaf litter decomposition in the evergreen broadleaf forest located in the western edge of the Sichuan Basin (mean ± SE). CKL0, N control with intact litter input; CKL-, N control with litter reduction; CKL+, N control with litter addition; HNL0, high N (150 kg·hm-2·a-1) addition with intact litter input; HNL-, high N addition with litter reduction; HNL+, high N addition with litter addition; LNL0, low N (50 kg·hm-2·a-1) addition with intact litter input; LNL-, low N addition with litter reduction; LNL+, low N addition with litter addition.

表3 华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解3年后质量、碳和养分残留率(%)对氮添加和凋落物增减处理的响应(平均值±标准误)

Table 3 Responses of mass, carbon, and nutrient remaining rate (%) to nitrogen addition and litter manipulations after litter decomposition for three years in the evergreen broadleaf forest located in the western edge of the Sichuan Basin (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	质量 Mass	碳 Carbon	氮 Nitrogen	磷 Phosphorus	钾 Kalium	锰 Manganese
CKL0	27.31 ± 4.45^abc	25.90 ± 4.83^bc	83.11 ± 9.79^ab	49.69 ± 5.04	47.17 ± 3.34^b	16.57 ± 4.44^ab
LNL0	34.31 ± 5.07^ab	28.23 ± 4.78^ab	85.96 ± 15.76^ab	63.24 ± 12.57	123.39 ± 38.78^a	2.72 ± 0.81^c
HNL0	38.09 ± 7.63^ab	34.22 ± 5.71^ab	115.16 ± 31.22^a	63.86 ± 13.99	72.47 ± 16.41^ab	2.88 ± 0.57^c
CKL-	25.43 ± 3.19^bc	24.32 ± 2.97^bc	74.68 ± 3.62^ab	45.78 ± 4.99	49.15 ± 6.36^b	20.81 ± 5.39^a
LNL-	25.61 ± 2.43^bc	24.45 ± 2.04^bc	70.11 ± 8.53^ab	47.66 ± 8.01	46.38 ± 8.15^b	10.60 ± 4.06^bc
HNL-	39.43 ± 1.27^a	35.73 ± 0.54^ab	101.13 ± 6.89^ab	56.32 ± 6.21	74.20 ± 11.11^ab	5.31 ± 0.84^c
CKL+	17.86 ± 1.86^c	16.97 ± 1.91^c	57.10 ± 1.57^b	32.18 ± 1.59	32.41 ± 1.12^b	8.20 ± 3.64^bc
LNL+	31.22 ± 3.44^ab	29.03 ± 3.68^ab	90.41 ± 9.55^ab	51.98 ± 5.73	53.96 ± 10.69^b	5.70 ± 3.78^c
HNL+	40.18 ± 3.78^a	37.75 ± 3.70^a	115.77 ± 17.70^a	63.13 ± 7.73	63.45 ± 10.55^b	2.39 ± 0.89^c
双因素方差分析 Two-way ANOVA (p)
N	<0.001	<0.001	0.005	0.025	0.062	<0.001
L	0.531	0.869	0.540	0.259	0.078	0.044
N & L	0.407	0.369	0.686	0.681	0.091	0.392

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