模拟氮沉降对北京东灵山辽东栎林树木生长的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0232

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统的元素限制模型认为氮是温带森林生长的限制元素, 不过该结论更多是从地上生物量以及群落水平进行阐述, 忽视了不同物种以及不同径级树木对外源氮的响应差异。辽东栎(Quercus wutaishanica)林是华北地区常见的森林类型, 该研究以北京东灵山辽东栎林为研究对象, 通过设置3个氮添加水平的实验, 即对照CK (0 kg·hm ^-2·a ^-1), N50 (50 kg·hm ^-2·a ^-1)和N100 (100 kg·hm ^-2·a ^-1), 模拟氮沉降对群落和物种水平以及不同径级树木生长的影响。经过7年氮添加, 实验结果显示: 物种水平上, 氮添加明显促进了优势树种辽东栎的生长; 群落水平上, 树木生长随氮浓度增加有不断上升趋势, 但统计学差异不显著; 氮添加显著抑制了辽东栎以及群落内小径级(3-10 cm)树木生长, 中(10-20 cm)、大径级(>20 cm)树木生长随氮沉降水平增加呈上升趋势, 但统计学差异不显著。表明氮是辽东栎以及温带森林树木生长的限制元素; 不同径级的辽东栎和群落内其他植物对氮添加响应不一致, 氮添加抑制了小径级树木生长, 中、大径级树木生长对氮添加响应不明显。

关键词: 氮沉降, 辽东栎, 树木生长, 温带森林

Abstract:

Aims Temperate forest is one of the most important components of the global forests and main carbon pools. Nitrogen (N) is considered as the limiting nutrient for the forest growth. However, the heterogeneities in plant species and stem sizes were largely ignored in previous researches on the effects of N addition on plant growth. Quercus wutaishanica is one of the most common and dominant tree species in the temperate forests in North China. In this study, we investigated the responses of growth of trees and forests to N addition in the Quercus wutaishanica forests in Mt. Dongling in Beijing.
Methods We conducted a 7-year N fertilization experiment in Quercus wutaishanica forests in Mt. Dongling, Beijing, since 2011. The N addition was conducted at three treatment levels, i.e., 0 kg hm ^-2·a ^-1, 50 kg hm ^-2·a ^-1 and 100 kg hm ^-2·a ^-1. Nitrogen was added at the beginning of each month from May to October each year. We used electronic vernier caliper to measure tree growth rate for each year. All trees were divided into three groups based on their diameter at breast height (DBH), namely small trees (DBH = 3-10 cm), median trees (DBH =10-20 cm) and large trees (DBH > 20 cm). Particularly, we considered growth at species level for all Quercus wutaishanica and the growth at community level for all tree species in the stands.
Important findings (1) At species level, N addition enhanced the growth rate of Q. wutaishanica. (2) At community level, the growth rate showed no difference among different N addition treatments. (3) Small trees were restrained, while median and large Q. wutaishanica trees were not significantly influenced, by the N addition.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, Quercus wutaishanica, tree growth, temperate forest

邹安龙,李修平,倪晓凤,吉成均. 模拟氮沉降对北京东灵山辽东栎林树木生长的影响. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(9): 783-792. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0232

ZOU An-Long,LI Xiu-Ping,NI Xiao-Feng,JI Cheng-Jun. Responses of tree growth to nitrogen addition in Quercus wutaishanica forests in Mount Dongling, Beijing, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(9): 783-792. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0232

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0232

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I9/783

图/表 7

图1 氮添加对北京东灵山辽东栎林土壤全碳(TC)、全氮(TN), 全磷(TP)含量以及pH值的影响(平均值+标准误差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK、N50、N100分别表示氮添加量0、50、100 kg·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 1 Influence of nitrogen addition treatments on soil total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) content and pH value in Quercus wutaishanica forests in Mt. Dongling, Beijing (mean + SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05). CK, N50, N100 denote nitrogen addition 0, 50, 100 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively.

图2 氮添加对北京东灵山辽东栎叶片全碳(TC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)含量的影响(平均值+标准误差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK、N50、N100分别表示氮添加量0、50、100 kg·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 2 Influence of nitrogen additions on leaf total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) content of Quercus wutaishanica in Mt. Dongling, Beijing (mean + SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05). CK, N50, N100 denote nitrogen addition 0, 50, 100 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively.

图3 氮添加对北京东灵山辽东栎以及群落水平树木相对增长速率(RGR)变化的影响(平均值+标准误差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK、N50、N100分别表示氮添加量0、50、100 kg·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 3 Influence of nitrogen addition treatments on the relative growth rate (RGR) of basal area of Quercus wutaishanica and trees at community level in Mt. Dongling, Beijing (mean + SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05). CK, N50, N100 denote nitrogen addition 0, 50, 100 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively.

图4 北京东灵山土壤全碳(TC)、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)含量与辽东栎以及群落水平树木相对增长速率(RGR)的关系。每一个点表示该样方的平均值。CK、N50、N100分别表示氮添加量0、50、100 kg·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 4 Relationships of relative growth rate (RGR) of Quercus wutaishanica and trees at community level with soil total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content in Mt. Dongling, Beijing. Each dot indicates the mean in each plot. CK, N50, N100 denote nitrogen addition 0, 50, 100 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively.

图5 北京东灵山土壤全碳(TC)、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)含量与辽东栎叶片全碳、全氮和全磷含量的关系。每一个点表示该样方的平均值。CK、N50、N100分别表示氮添加量0、50、100 kg·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 5 Relationships of Quercus wutaishanica leaf total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content with soil total carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in Mt. Dongling, Beijing. Each dot indicates the mean in each plot. CK, N50, N100 denote nitrogen addition 0, 50, 100 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively.

图6 氮添加对北京东灵山辽东栎以及群落水平不同径级(DBH)树木相对增长速率(RGR)的影响(平均值+标准误差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。3-10、10-20、>20分别表示植物胸径(DBH)范围为3-10、10-20、>20 cm。CK、N50、N100分别表示氮添加量0、50、100 kg·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 6 Influence of nitrogen addition treatments on the relative growth rate (RGR) of different diameter at breast height (DBH) classes of Quercus wutaishanica and trees at community level in Mt. Dongling, Beijing (mean + SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05). 3-10, 10-20, >20 denote trees diameter at breast height (DBH) range are 3-10, 10-20, >20 cm. CK, N50, N100 denote nitrogen addition 0, 50, 100 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively.

图7 北京东灵山土壤全氮(TN)含量与辽东栎以及群落水平不同径级(DBH)树木相对增长速率(RGR)的关系。每一个点表示该样方的平均值。CK、N50、N100分别表示氮添加量0、50、100 kg·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 7 Relationships of relative growth rate (RGR) of different diameter at breast height (DBH) classes of Quercus wutaishanica in Mt. Dongling, Beijing and trees at community level with soil nitrogen (TN). CK, N50, N100 denote nitrogen addition 0, 50, 100 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively.

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