2001-2020年黄土高原光合植被时空变化及其驱动机制

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0444

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 306-318.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0444

所属专题：遥感生态学

2001-2020年黄土高原光合植被时空变化及其驱动机制

贺洁¹, 何亮¹, 吕渡², 程卓³, 薛帆¹, 刘宝元¹^,³, 张晓萍¹^,²^,^*()

¹西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
²中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
³北京师范大学地理科学学部, 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2021-12-01 接受日期:2022-03-22 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2022-10-11
通讯作者: 张晓萍
作者简介:* (zhangxp@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41877083);国家自然科学基金(41440012);国家自然科学基金(41230852)

Spatiotemporal variation and its driving mechanism of photosynthetic vegetation in the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2020

HE Jie¹, HE Liang¹, LÜ Du², CHENG Zhuo³, XUE Fan¹, LIU Bao-Yuan¹^,³, ZHANG Xiao-Ping¹^,²^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
³State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2021-12-01 Accepted:2022-03-22 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2022-10-11
Contact: ZHANG Xiao-Ping
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877083);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41440012);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41230852)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示实施退耕还林(草)政策20年后黄土高原植被盖度的最新演变趋势及区域差异, 定量分析气候和人类活动对该区植被盖度变化的贡献率及空间分布。该研究以光合植被(PV)盖度为植被生长状况指标, 基于2001-2020年PV数据及同期气象数据, 采用Mann-Kendall检验、Sen分析和残差分析等方法, 分析了黄土高原2001-2020年植被覆盖的时空演变特征及其驱动要素。主要结果: 20年中黄土高原植被盖度呈显著增加趋势, 增速为每年0.8%。全区植被盖度呈增加趋势的区域面积比例为90%, 呈显著增加的区域面积占比为71%; 对全区植被盖度增加的贡献, 主要是黄土丘陵区(约2/5), 其次为风沙丘陵区(约1/4)和石质山区(约1/5); 不同地貌分区内, 黄土丘陵区中陕西榆林和延安两市区境内植被盖度增加迅速, 风沙丘陵区中内蒙古鄂尔多斯市植被盖度变化最快; 研究时段内人类活动和气候变化对黄土高原植被增加的贡献率分别为76%和24%; 人类活动对植被盖度贡献较大区域主要分布在陕西延安以北、山西太原以南、宁夏同心以南和甘肃平凉和庆阳等丘陵、台塬和风沙丘陵等政府生态工程实施较好的地区。

关键词: 黄土高原, 植被盖度, 时空变化, 人类活动, 残差分析

Abstract:

Aims The objectives of this study were to reveal the changing trends and regional differences of vegetation fractional coverage on the Loess Plateau 20 years after the implementation of the “Grain for Green (GFG)” policy, and to quantify the contribution of climate and human activities to the change of vegetation fractional coverage and its spatial distribution in the region.

Methods The spatial and temporal variation of photosynthetic vegetation (PV) fractional coverage on the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2020 and its drivers and contributions were analyzed based on MODIS-PV and meteorological data, and using the methods of the Mann-Kendall method, the Sen estimator, and multivariate residual trend analysis.

Important findings Regional vegetation fractional coverage increased from 40% in 2001 to 60% in 2020. Vegetation fractional coverage of the Loess Plateau showed a significant increasing trend over 20 years, with an increasing rate of 0.8%·a^-1. The proportion of the area with an increasing trend of vegetation fractional coverage for the entire region was 90%, and the proportion of the area with a significant increase was 71%. The contribution to the increase of vegetation fractional coverage in the region was mainly in the loess hilly region (2/5), followed by the sandy hilly region (1/4) and the rocky mountain region (1/5). Within the different geomorphology divisions, vegetation fractional coverage in the loess hilly region increased rapidly in Yulin and Yanʼan in Shaanxi. Vegetation fractional coverage in Ordos, Nei Mongol, changed the fastest in the sandy hilly region. Human activities and climate change contributed 76% and 24%, respectively, to the increase of vegetation fractional coverage on the Loess Plateau during the study period. The areas where human activities contributed positively to vegetation fractional coverage were mainly located in the loess hilly and sandy hilly regions in the northern part of Yanʼan in Shaanxi, the southern part of Taiyuan in Shanxi, the southern part of Tongxin in Ningxia, and the hills and plateaus of Pingliang and Qingyang in Gansu where the ecological projects funded by the Chinese government have been well implemented.

Key words: Loess Plateau, vegetation fractional coverage, spatial and temporal variation, human activities, residual analysis

贺洁, 何亮, 吕渡, 程卓, 薛帆, 刘宝元, 张晓萍. 2001-2020年黄土高原光合植被时空变化及其驱动机制. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(3): 306-318. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0444

HE Jie, HE Liang, LÜ Du, CHENG Zhuo, XUE Fan, LIU Bao-Yuan, ZHANG Xiao-Ping. Spatiotemporal variation and its driving mechanism of photosynthetic vegetation in the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2020. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(3): 306-318. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0444

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0444

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I3/306

图/表 9

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Slope (VFC_O)	驱动要素 Driven factor	划分标准 Standard		贡献率估算依据 Contribution margin estimation basis
Slope (VFC_O)	驱动要素 Driven factor	Slope (VFC_C)	Slope (VFC_H)	气候变化 Climate changes (C)	人类活动 Human activities (H)
>0 (改善 Improvement)	C & H	>0	>0	$\frac{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{C}}})}{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{O}}})}$	$\frac{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{H}}})}{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{O}}})}$
	C	>0	<0	100	0
	H	<0	>0	0	100
<0 (抑制 Inhibition)	C & H	<0	<0	$\frac{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{C}}})}{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{O}}})}$	$\frac{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{H}}})}{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{O}}})}$
	C	<0	>0	100	0
	H	>0	<0	0	100

Slope (VFC_O)	驱动要素 Driven factor	划分标准 Standard		贡献率估算依据 Contribution margin estimation basis
Slope (VFC_O)	驱动要素 Driven factor	Slope (VFC_C)	Slope (VFC_H)	气候变化 Climate changes (C)	人类活动 Human activities (H)
>0 (改善 Improvement)	C & H	>0	>0	$\frac{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{C}}})}{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{O}}})}$	$\frac{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{H}}})}{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{O}}})}$
	C	>0	<0	100	0
	H	<0	>0	0	100
<0 (抑制 Inhibition)	C & H	<0	<0	$\frac{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{C}}})}{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{O}}})}$	$\frac{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{H}}})}{\text{Slope }(\text{VF}{{\text{C}}_{\text{O}}})}$
	C	<0	>0	100	0
	H	>0	<0	0	100

地貌区 Geomorphological area	C (%)	区内市(省) City (province) in the zones	Slope_i (%)	P_i (%)	C_i (%)
黄土丘陵 Loess-hilly	40	榆林(陕西) Yulin (Shaanxi)	1.2	17	18
		延安(陕西) Yan?an (Shaanxi)	1.4	10	11
		庆阳(甘肃) Qingyang (Gansu)	1.2	9	9
		吕梁(山西) Lüliang (Shanxi)	1.3	7	8
		定西(甘肃) Dingxi (Gansu)	1.3	6	7
		固原(宁夏) Guyuan (Ningxia)	1.6	5	6
		天水(甘肃) Tianshui (Gansu)	1.3	5	6
风沙丘陵 Sandy-hilly	23	鄂尔多斯(内蒙古) Ordos (Nei Mongol)	0.5	57	45
		榆林(陕西) Yulin (Shaanxi)	1.1	11	17
		白银(甘肃) Baiyin (Gansu)	0.8	11	13
		吴忠(宁夏) Wuzhong (Ningxia)	0.8	7	9
		兰州(甘肃) Lanzhou (Gansu)	0.9	6	8
石质山区 Rocky-mountain	18	忻州(山西) Xinzhou (Shanxi)	0.8	8	9
		延安(陕西) Yan?an (Shaanxi)	0.6	8	8
		临汾(山西) Linfen (Shanxi)	0.9	4	6
黄土塬 Loess-tableland	8	庆阳(甘肃) Qingyang (Gansu)	1.1	23	26
		平凉(甘肃) Pingliang (Gansu)	1.3	11	15
		延安(陕西) Yan?an (Shaanxi)	0.9	14	14
		咸阳(陕西) Xianyang (Shaanxi)	1.0	13	13
		临汾(山西) Linfen (Shanxi)	1.2	9	11

地貌区 Geomorphological area	C (%)	区内市(省) City (province) in the zones	Slope_i (%)	P_i (%)	C_i (%)
黄土丘陵 Loess-hilly	40	榆林(陕西) Yulin (Shaanxi)	1.2	17	18
		延安(陕西) Yan?an (Shaanxi)	1.4	10	11
		庆阳(甘肃) Qingyang (Gansu)	1.2	9	9
		吕梁(山西) Lüliang (Shanxi)	1.3	7	8
		定西(甘肃) Dingxi (Gansu)	1.3	6	7
		固原(宁夏) Guyuan (Ningxia)	1.6	5	6
		天水(甘肃) Tianshui (Gansu)	1.3	5	6
风沙丘陵 Sandy-hilly	23	鄂尔多斯(内蒙古) Ordos (Nei Mongol)	0.5	57	45
		榆林(陕西) Yulin (Shaanxi)	1.1	11	17
		白银(甘肃) Baiyin (Gansu)	0.8	11	13
		吴忠(宁夏) Wuzhong (Ningxia)	0.8	7	9
		兰州(甘肃) Lanzhou (Gansu)	0.9	6	8
石质山区 Rocky-mountain	18	忻州(山西) Xinzhou (Shanxi)	0.8	8	9
		延安(陕西) Yan?an (Shaanxi)	0.6	8	8
		临汾(山西) Linfen (Shanxi)	0.9	4	6
黄土塬 Loess-tableland	8	庆阳(甘肃) Qingyang (Gansu)	1.1	23	26
		平凉(甘肃) Pingliang (Gansu)	1.3	11	15
		延安(陕西) Yan?an (Shaanxi)	0.9	14	14
		咸阳(陕西) Xianyang (Shaanxi)	1.0	13	13
		临汾(山西) Linfen (Shanxi)	1.2	9	11

2001-2020年黄土高原光合植被时空变化及其驱动机制

Spatiotemporal variation and its driving mechanism of photosynthetic vegetation in the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2020

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区域 Region	年份 Year	VFC (%)	不同覆盖度等级面积所占比例 Proportion of areas with different coverage levels (%)
区域 Region	年份 Year	VFC (%)	I (<30%)	II (30%-60%)	III (≥60%)
黄土高原 Loess Plateau	2001-2005	44	31	41	28
	2006-2010	48	27	38	35
	2011-2015	53	23	36	41
	2016-2020	57	17	34	49
黄土塬 Loess-tableland	2001-2005	54	2	68	30
	2006-2010	62	1	42	56
	2011-2015	65	2	33	66
	2016-2020	69	1	20	79
黄土丘陵 Loess-hilly	2001-2005	40	22	68	10
	2006-2010	45	16	69	15
	2011-2015	52	8	64	29
	2016-2020	58	3	55	42
风沙丘陵 Sandy-hilly	2001-2005	17	88	11	1
	2006-2010	20	82	17	1
	2011-2015	23	75	23	2
	2016-2020	29	58	38	3

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