黄土高原优势灌丛营养器官化学计量特征的环境分异和机制

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0044

植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 453-465.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0044

所属专题：生态化学计量

黄土高原优势灌丛营养器官化学计量特征的环境分异和机制

李单凤^1,², 于顺利^1*(), 王国勋^1,³, 方伟伟^2,⁴

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³西北大学生命科学学院, 西安 710069
⁴中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

收稿日期:2015-01-22 接受日期:2015-03-31 出版日期:2015-05-01 发布日期:2015-05-26
作者简介:
*作者简介:E-mail:chengliu6542@gmail.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项中国灌丛生态系统的固碳现状、变化和机制(XDA05050- 300)和国家自然科学基金面上项目(41171041)

Environmental heterogeneity and mechanism of stoichiometry properties of vegetative organs in dominant shrub communities across the Loess Plateau

LI Dan-Feng^1,², YU Shun-Li^1,^*(), WANG Guo-Xun^1,³, FANG Wei-Wei^2,⁴

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Changes, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
and⁴Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China

Received:2015-01-22 Accepted:2015-03-31 Online:2015-05-01 Published:2015-05-26
Contact: Shun-Li YU
About author:
# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究黄土高原灌丛群落中优势物种的根、茎和叶等营养器官之间碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)及其比值等化学计量特征的环境分异性及其与土壤养分的耦合性, 在甘肃省和宁夏回族自治区境内的3个灌丛集中分布区(甘肃南部、宁夏北部和甘肃西部)沿水热梯度选取41个样点进行样地调查。结果显示: 1)甘肃、宁夏灌丛群落的有机物质含量及P资源相对匮乏, 而N资源相对丰富。2)从甘肃南部、宁夏北部到甘肃西部, 生长季温度递增、年降水量递减, 与此耦合, 土壤养分也逐级递减, 沿着土壤养分梯度, 黄土高原优势灌丛根、茎和叶的C、N、P储量减少, 根和茎的C:N下降, 根、茎和叶的N:P上升, 但在宁夏北部和甘肃西部间差异不显著。同时, 3个优势灌丛分布区的优势灌丛各器官间营养元素的分配格局不同。3)土壤养分相对较高的区域优势灌丛间各器官营养元素储量无差异, 而土壤养分较低区域亲缘关系较远的优势灌丛间各器官的营养元素储量差异显著, 而亲缘关系较近的优势灌丛各器官营养元素储量差异不显著。黄土高原优势灌丛各器官C、N、P化学计量特征是植物体与土壤中化学元素耦合的结果, 当土壤养分逐渐升高时, 植物体内的化学元素储量也逐渐增多。该研究不仅有助于认识黄土高原优势灌丛化学计量环境分异规律, 而且有助于洞察不同土壤条件下C、N、P在优势灌丛营养器官间的分配格局和植物资源分配策略, 并为黄土高原植被的管理和恢复提供一定的理论基础。

关键词: 化学计量特征, 黄土高原灌丛群落, 耦合性, 水热梯度, 资源分配

Abstract: Aims

Exploring variation patterns of C, N, P contents and their ratios of plant vegetative organs along environmental gradient can provide insight on the resource allocation strategy of plants. In order to search the environmental heterogeneity and mechanism of stoichiometry properties of plant vegetative organs (including root, stem and leaf), we investigated the influences of different soil nutrients conditions on the element allocation among plant vegetative organs in the dominant shrub communities along a hydro-thermic gradient across Loess Plateau.

Methods

The species compositions and structures of 123 small quadrats (5 m × 5 m) of dominant shrub communities in 41 sites were investigated by standard community sampling method along the declined hydro-thermic conditions from southern Gansu Province to northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and western Gansu. The data about height, coverage and number of the dominant shrub were recorded. At least 369 biological samples of plant vegetative organs (root, stem and leave) of dominant shrubs were collected and their fresh and dry mass were measured, respectively. About 123 soil samples were taken by earth boring auger and ring knife. C, N and P contents of all biological and soil samples were measured after lapping and sieving.

Important findings

1) Organic matter content (mean concentration of leaf C ((424.11 ± 42.21) mg·g^-1) in Gansu and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was relatively low, and nitrogen (mean concentration of leaf N ((23.00 ± 8.09) mg·g^-1) was higher while phosphorous (mean concentration of leaf P ((1.18 ± 0.50) mg·g^-1) was relatively deficient. 2) Along the increasing growing season temperature and declining annual precipitation from southern Gansu to northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and western Gansu, soil nutrients content decreased, and the storage of C, N and P in root, stem and leaf decreased. The shift trends of C:N agreed with the N storage’s shift trends in root and stem while N:P in all organs were contrary to the P storage’s shift trends. Meanwhile, the allocation patterns of C, N and P among vegetative organs among the three regions dominated by shrub communities were much different. 3) In the region with high soil nutrients, the nutrient storage in vegetable organs were similar among different species in the same dominant shrub regions, but in the regions with low soil nutrients, the nutrient storage in vegetable organs displayed high variations. The variations of nutrient storage of vegetable organs for the same shrub communities from different regions were not significant.

Key words: stoichiometry properties, dominant shrub communities across Loess Plateau, coupling, hydro- thermic factors, resource allocation

李单凤, 于顺利, 王国勋, 方伟伟. 黄土高原优势灌丛营养器官化学计量特征的环境分异和机制. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(5): 453-465. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0044

LI Dan-Feng,YU Shun-Li,WANG Guo-Xun,FANG Wei-Wei. Environmental heterogeneity and mechanism of stoichiometry properties of vegetative organs in dominant shrub communities across the Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(5): 453-465. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0044

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器官 Organs	n	C (mg·g^-1)	N (mg·g^-1)	P (mg·g^-1)	C:N	C:P	N:P
叶 Leaf	101	421.40 ± 46.66^c	23.43 ± 8.00^a	1.20 ± 0.50^a	20.23 ± 7.62^b	411.46 ± 194.76^b	20.81 ± 6.15^a
茎 Stem	125	459.55 ± 24.50^a	10.58 ± 3.79^b	0.56 ± 0.21^b	51.22 ± 24.13^a	922.88 ± 353.36^a	20.06 ± 8.04^a
根 Root	129	444.87 ± 29.13^b	11.40 ± 4.85^b	0.57 ± 0.29^b	48.68 ± 26.05^a	974.25 ± 472.28^a	22.54 ± 10.33^a

器官 Organs	n	C (mg·g^-1)	N (mg·g^-1)	P (mg·g^-1)	C:N	C:P	N:P
叶 Leaf	101	421.40 ± 46.66^c	23.43 ± 8.00^a	1.20 ± 0.50^a	20.23 ± 7.62^b	411.46 ± 194.76^b	20.81 ± 6.15^a
茎 Stem	125	459.55 ± 24.50^a	10.58 ± 3.79^b	0.56 ± 0.21^b	51.22 ± 24.13^a	922.88 ± 353.36^a	20.06 ± 8.04^a
根 Root	129	444.87 ± 29.13^b	11.40 ± 4.85^b	0.57 ± 0.29^b	48.68 ± 26.05^a	974.25 ± 472.28^a	22.54 ± 10.33^a

依变量 Dependent variable	自变量 Independent variable	回归系数 Regression coefficient	p
土壤全碳 Soil total carbon	生长季气温 Growing season temperature	-0.89	0.028^*
	年降水量 Annual precipitation	5.04	0.009^**
	生长季降水量 Growing season precipitation	-5.32	0.01^*
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen	生长季气温 Growing season temperature	-1.33	0.03^*
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen	年降水量 Annual precipitation	0.64	0.000^***
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorous	生长季气温 Growing season temperature	-0.63	0.007^**
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorous	年降水量 Annual precipitation	0.13	0.01^*

依变量 Dependent variable	自变量 Independent variable	回归系数 Regression coefficient	p
土壤全碳 Soil total carbon	生长季气温 Growing season temperature	-0.89	0.028^*
	年降水量 Annual precipitation	5.04	0.009^**
	生长季降水量 Growing season precipitation	-5.32	0.01^*
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen	生长季气温 Growing season temperature	-1.33	0.03^*
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen	年降水量 Annual precipitation	0.64	0.000^***
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorous	生长季气温 Growing season temperature	-0.63	0.007^**
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorous	年降水量 Annual precipitation	0.13	0.01^*

养分 Nutrients	n	甘肃南部 Southern Gansu	宁夏北部 Northern Ningxia	甘肃西部 Western Gansu
土壤全碳 Soil total carbon (mg·g^-1)	39	3.35 ± 2.03^a	1.24 ± 0.55^b	1.48 ± 0.27^b
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (mg·g^-1)	51	0.230 ± 0.17^a	0.074 ± 0.06^b	0.024 ± 0.01^b
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorous (mg·g^-1)	33	0.73 ± 0.16^a	0.46 ± 0.16^b	0.43 ± 0.14^b

黄土高原优势灌丛营养器官化学计量特征的环境分异和机制

Environmental heterogeneity and mechanism of stoichiometry properties of vegetative organs in dominant shrub communities across the Loess Plateau

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地点 Site	优势物种 Dominant species	纬度 Latitude (°)	经度 Longitude (°)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	年降水量Annual precipitation (mm)	生长季温度 Growing season temperature (℃)	生长季降水量Growing season precipitation (mm)
甘肃南部 Southern Gansu
礼县 Li County	虎榛子 Ostryopsis davidiana	34.32	105.25	1 591	9.8	606	18.6	313
礼县 Li County	蔷薇-栒子 Rosa prattii - Cotoneaster acutifolius	34.43	105.23	1 811	8.4	613	17.1	317
舟曲县 Zhouqu County	荆条-杠柳 Vitex negundo - Periploca sepium	33.78	104.33	1 430	10.5	568	18.6	288
宕昌县 Dangchang County	虎榛子 Ostryopsis davidiana	34.08	104.28	1 964	7.7	613	15.9	309
岷县 Min County	秦岭小檗 Berberis circumserrata	34.44	103.97	2 356	6.9	597	15.3	307
卓尼县 Zhuoni County	水栒子 Cotoneaster multiflorus	34.58	103.50	2 635	3.6	605	11.9	315
武山县 Wushan County	沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides	34.44	105.05	2 228	7.0	625	15.6	321
徽县 Hui County	黄栌 Cotinus coggygria	33.74	106.10	861	13.0	682	21.9	369
徽县 Hui County	白刺花 Sophora davidii	33.85	106.21	1 030	12.8	681	21.8	367
成县 Cheng County	马桑 Coriaria nepalensis	33.53	105.82	1 107	13.3	673	21.9	366
临夏县 Linxia County	箭叶锦鸡儿 Caragana jubata	35.57	102.98	2 181	5.4	507	14.5	279
临夏县 Linxia County	吉拉柳 Salix gilashanica	35.56	102.85	2 605	3.4	524	12.2	288
临夏县 Linxia County	硬叶柳 Salix sclerophylla	35.55	102.55	2 508	1.6	592	6.7	331
甘肃西部 Western Gansu
瓜州县 Guazhou County	西伯利亚白刺 Nitraria sibirica	40.31	94.80	1 063	10.0	37	24.1	24
瓜州县 Guazhou County	刚毛柽柳 Tamarix hispida	40.29	94.78	1 060	10.0	37	24.0	24
敦煌市 Dunhuang City	泡泡刺 Nitraria sphaerocarpa	40.15	94.91	1 082	10.1	41	24.2	26
敦煌市 Dunhuang City	蒙古沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum	40.14	94.92	1 080	10.1	41	24.3	26
敦煌市 Dunhuang City	膜果麻黄 Ephedra przewalskii	40.00	94.28	1 327	9.1	34	22.7	22
敦煌市 Dunhuang City	泡泡刺 Nitraria sphaerocarpa	40.27	93.93	1 044	10.2	28	24.3	18
阿克塞县 Aksay County	沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum	39.64	94.36	1 677	7.7	32	21.1	22
阿克塞县 Aksay County	红砂 Reaumuria soongarica	39.66	94.37	1 646	7.7	32	21.1	22
敦煌市 Dunhuang City	梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron	39.69	94.35	1 589	7.8	33	21.3	22
敦煌市 Dunhuang City	膜果麻黄 Ephedra przewalskii	39.69	94.35	1 602	7.8	33	21.3	22
敦煌市 Dunhuang City	塔里木沙拐枣 Calligonum roborowskii	39.76	94.36	1 518	8.3	33	21.8	22
金塔县 Jinta County	红砂 Reaumuria soongarica	39.86	98.66	1 391	8.2	85	21.3	51
金塔县 Jinta County	多花柽柳 Tamarix hohenackeri	39.93	98.87	1 287	8.6	80	21.9	48
肃南县 Sunan County	红砂 Reaumuria soongarica	39.65	98.32	1 786	6.6	105	19.5	66
酒泉市 Jiuquan City	膜果麻黄 Ephedra przewalskii	39.49	98.96	1 528	7.6	103	20.4	62
高台县 Gaotai County	盐爪爪 Kalidium foliatum	39.29	99.29	1 728	6.5	126	19.1	78
金塔县 Jinta County	大白刺 Nitraria roborowskii	39.98	98.30	1 492	8.5	87	21.9	53
宁夏北部 Northern Ningxia
西夏区 Xixia District	刺旋花 Convolvulus tragacanthoides	38.62	105.96	1 376	8.5	197	20.3	120
西夏区 Xixia District	麻黄 Ephedra sinica	38.59	105.97	1 260	8.5	197	20.3	120
贺兰县 Helan County	细叶锦鸡儿 Caragana stenophylla	38.73	106.01	1 388	7.8	203	19.6	124
灵武市 Lingwu City	尖叶盐爪爪 Kalidium cuspidatum	38.33	106.42	1 153	8.4	213	20.0	131
灵武市 Lingwu City	刺叶柄棘豆 Oxytropis aciphylla	38.11	106.49	1 237	8.4	229	19.8	139
灵武市 Lingwu City	红砂 Reaumuria soongarica	38.09	106.48	1 246	8.4	229	19.8	139
陶乐县 Taole County	西伯利亚白刺 Nitraria sibirica	38.42	106.55	1 205	8.5	213	20.1	130
平罗县 Pingluo County	酸枣 Ziziphus jujuba	38.87	106.18	1 230	8.8	180	20.7	111
平罗县 Pingluo County	蒙古扁桃 Amygdalus mongolica	38.73	106.14	1 420	9.0	185	20.9	113
平罗县 Pingluo County	小果白刺 Nitraria sibirica	38.88	106.66	1 094	8.8	190	20.9	119
平罗县 Pingluo County	沙冬青 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus	38.45	106.55	1 162	8.5	213	20.1	130

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